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Marrgu language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Extinct language of Australia
Marrgu
Yaako
Native toAustralia
RegionCroker Island,Northern Territory
EthnicityYaako
Extinct2003[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3mhg
Glottologmarg1251
AIATSIS[2]N45
ELPMarrgu
Marrgu language (purple arrow), among other non-Pama–Nyungan languages (grey)
Closeup

Marrgu (Marrku) is anextinct[3]Aboriginal language of northern Australia. Additional names includeAjokoot,Croker Island,Raffles Bay,Terrutong (Terutong),Yaako (Jaako, Yako).[1]

Classification

[edit]

Marrgu had been assumed to be anIwaidjan language like its neighbours. However, Evans (2006) has produced evidence that it was alanguage isolate, with possible connection to the extinct and poorly attestedWurrugu.[2]

Phonology

[edit]

Consonant inventory

[edit]
Marrgu consonants[4]
PeripheralLaminalApical
BilabialVelarPalatalDentalAlveolarRetroflex
Plosivepkctʈ
Nasalmŋɲnɳ
Approximantwɣjɻ
Trillr
Flapɽ
Lateral(ʎ)lɭ
Lateral flapɺ⟨ld⟩𝼈⟨rld⟩

Vowels

[edit]

Marrgu has the three-vowel (/a/,/i/,/u/) system typical of Iwaidjan languages (Evans 1998).

FrontBack
Highiu
Lowa

References

[edit]
  1. ^abMarrgu atEthnologue (27th ed., 2024)Closed access icon
  2. ^abN45 Marrgu at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
  3. ^Christopher Moseley; Alexandre Nicolas (2010)."Atlas of the world's languages in danger".UNESCO. p. 209. Retrieved2024-12-20.
  4. ^Evans, Nicholas (1998). "Iwaidja mutation and its origins". In Anna Siewierska & Jae Jung Song. Case, Typology and Grammar: In honor of Barry J. Blake. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 115–149.
Pama–Nyungan
subgroups
Southeastern
Victorian P–N
New South Wales P–N
North Coast
Northern
Paman
Maric
Dyirbalic
Yimidhirr–Yalanji–Yidinic
Gulf
Central
Arandic–Thura–Yura
Karnic
Western
Yolŋu
Ngarna/Warluwarric
Desert Nyungic
South-West P–N
Tangkic
Garrwan
Macro-Gunwinyguan ?
Maningrida
Marran
Gunwinyguan proper
Western
Central
Eastern
YangmanicWagiman?
Other isolates
Iwaidjan
Central (Warrkbi)
Eastern (Goulburn Island)
Southern
Marrku–Wurrugu ?
Darwin Region ?
Limilngan–Wulna?
Umbugarlic
Daly River Sprachbund
Wagaydyic (Anson Bay)
Northern Daly
Western Daly
Eastern Daly
Southern Daly
Mirndi
Yirram
Ngurlun
Jarrakan
Bunuban
Worrorran
Nyulnyulan
Western (Nyulnyulic)
Eastern (Dyukun)
Others
Language isolates
Papuan
Tasmanian
family-level groups
Western
Northern
Northeastern
Eastern
New Indigenous
languages and
Aboriginal Englishes
Creoles
Australian Kriol
Northeastern
creoles
Pidgins
Mixed languages
Others
Proto-languages
Italics indicate individual languages
Africa
Isolates
Eurasia
(Europe
andAsia)
Isolates
New Guinea
andthe Pacific
Isolates
Australia
Isolates
North
America
Isolates
Mesoamerica
Isolates
South
America
Isolates
Sign
languages
Isolates
See also
  • Families with question marks (?) are disputed or controversial.
  • Families initalics have no living members.
  • Families with more than 30 languages are inbold.
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