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Lithium cyanide

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Toxic crystalline salt
Lithium cyanide[1][2][3]
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard100.017.554Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 219-308-3
UN number1935
  • InChI=1S/CN.Li/c1-2;/q-1;+1
    Key: JORQDGTZGKHEEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • [Li+].[C-]#N
Properties
LiCN
Molar mass32.959 g/mol
AppearanceWhite Powder
Density1.073 g/cm3 (18 °C)
Melting point160 °C (320 °F; 433 K)
Boiling pointdecomposes
Soluble
N/A
Structure
-
Fourfold
Hazards
GHS labelling:[4]
GHS02: FlammableGHS06: ToxicGHS09: Environmental hazard
Danger
H226,H300,H310,H330,H410
P210,P233,P240,P241,P242,P243,P260,P262,P264,P270,P271,P273,P280,P284,P301+P310,P302+P350,P303+P361+P353,P304+P340,P310,P320,P321,P330,P361,P363,P370+P378,P391,P403+P233,P403+P235,P405,P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
Flash point57 °C (135 °F; 330 K)
N/A
Safety data sheet (SDS)742899
Related compounds
Related compounds
Sodium cyanide,Potassium cyanide,Hydrogen cyanide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Chemical compound

Lithium cyanide is aninorganic compound with the chemical formula LiCN. It is a toxic, white coloured,hygroscopic, water-soluble salt that finds only niche uses.

Preparation

[edit]

LiCN is produced from the reaction of lithium hydroxide and hydrogen cyanide. A laboratory-scale preparation usesacetone cyanohydrin as a surrogate for HCN:[5]

(CH3)2C(OH)CN + LiOH → (CH3)2CO + LiCN + H2

Uses

[edit]

The compound decomposes tocyanamide and carbon when heated to a temperature close to but below 600 °C. Acids react to givehydrogen cyanide.[6]

Lithium cyanide can be used as a reagent for organic compoundcyanation.[7]

RX + LiCN → RCN + LiX

References

[edit]
  1. ^J. A. Lely, J. M. Bijvoet (1942), "The Crystal Structure of Lithium Cyanide",Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas, vol. 61, London: WILEY-VCH Verlag, pp. 244–252,doi:10.1002/recl.19420610402
  2. ^Haynes, W.M (2013),"Bernard Lewis", in Bruno, Thomas. (ed.),Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (93 ed.), Boca Raton, Florida: Fitzroy Dearborn, archived fromthe original on 2017-07-24, retrieved2012-12-09
  3. ^Material Safety Data Sheet: Lithium Cyanide, 0.5M Solution in N,N-Dimethylformamide, Fisher Scientific, 16 June 1999
  4. ^"Lithium cyanide".pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved19 December 2021.
  5. ^Livinghouse, Tom (1981). "Trimethylsilyl Cyanide: Cyanosilylation ofp-Benzoquinone".Org. Synth.60: 126.doi:10.15227/orgsyn.060.0126.
  6. ^L. Pesce (2010). "Cyanides".Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley-VCH. pp. 1–29.doi:10.1002/0471238961.0325011416051903.a01.pub2.ISBN 978-0471238966.
  7. ^Harusawa, Shinya; Yoneda, Ryuji; Omori, Yukie; Kurihara, Takushi (1987). "Non-aqueous cyanation of halides using lithium cyanide".Tetrahedron Letters.28 (36). Elsevier:4189–4190.doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)95575-8.
Compounds withnoble gases
Compounds withhalogens
Oxides andhydroxides
Compounds withchalcogens
Compounds withpnictogens
Compounds withgroup 14 elements
Compounds withgroup 13 elements
Compounds withtransition metals
Organic (soaps)
Other compounds
Minerals
Other Li-related
Salts and covalent derivatives of thecyanide ion
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithium_cyanide&oldid=1313628658"
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