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List of liverworts of South Africa

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(June 2021)

This listing contains taxa of plants in the divisionMarchantiophyta, recorded from South Africa. The Marchantiophyta/mɑːrˌkæntiˈɒfɪtə/ are a division ofnon-vascularland plants commonly referred to as hepatics or liverworts. Likemosses andhornworts, they have agametophyte-dominant life cycle, in which cells of the plant carry only a single set of genetic information.

It is estimated that there are about 9000 species of liverworts.[1] Some of the more familiar species grow as a flattened leaflessthallus, but most species are leafy with a form very much like a flattenedmoss. Leafy species can be distinguished from the apparently similar mosses on the basis of a number of features, including their single-celledrhizoids. Leafy liverworts also differ from most (but not all) mosses in that their leaves never have acosta (present in many mosses) and may bear marginalcilia (very rare in mosses). Other differences are not universal for all mosses and liverworts, but the occurrence of leaves arranged in three ranks, the presence of deep lobes or segmented leaves, or a lack of clearly differentiated stem and leaves all point to the plant being a liverwort.

Liverworts are typically small, usually from 2–20 mm wide with individual plants less than 10 cm long, and are therefore often overlooked. However, certain species may cover large patches of ground, rocks, trees or any other reasonably firm substrate on which they occur. They are distributed globally in almost every available habitat, most often in humid locations although there are desert and Arctic species as well.[2]

23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[3] Ninebiomes have been described in South Africa:Fynbos, SucculentKaroo,desert,Nama Karoo,grassland,savanna,Albany thickets, theIndian Ocean coastal belt, andforests.[4]

The 2018South African National Biodiversity Institute'sNational Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phylaAnthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)),Anthophyta (flowering plants(33534)),Bryophyta (mosses (685)),Cycadophyta (cycads (42)),Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)),Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)),Pinophyta (conifers (33)), andPteridophyta (cryptograms(408)).[5]

Listing

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See also

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References

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  1. ^"Liverworts Homepage".www.unb.ca. University of New Brunswick. Retrieved2 October 2020.
  2. ^Schuster, Rudolf M. (1992).The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America. Vol. VI. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History. p. 19.ISBN 0-914868-21-7..
  3. ^Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019)."Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved21 July 2019.
  4. ^"Vegetation of South Africa".PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved24 July 2019.
  5. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakalamanaoapaqarasatauavawaxayazbabbbcbdbebfbgbhbibjbkblbmbnbobpbqbrbsbtbubvbwbxbybzcacbcccdcecfcgchcicjckclcmcncocpcqcrcsctcucvcwcxcyczdadbdcdddedfdgdhdidjdkdldmdndodpdqdrdsdtdudvdwdxdydzeaebecedeeefegeheiejekelemeneoepeqereseteuevewexeyezfafbfcfdfefffgfhfifjfkflfmfnfofpfqfrfsftfufvfwfxfyfzgagbgcgdgegfggghgigjgkglgmgngogpgqgrgsgtgugvgwgxgygzhahbhchdhehfhghhhihjhkhlhmhnhohphqhrhshthuhvhwhxhyhziaibicidieifigihiiijikiliminioipiqirisitiuiviwixiyizjajbjcjdjejfjgjhjijjjkjljmjnjojpjqjrjsjtjujvjwjxjyjzkakbkckdkekfkgkhkikjkkklkmknkokpkqkrksktkukvkwkxkykzlalblcldlelflglhliljlklllmlnlolplqlrlsltlulvlwlxlylzmambmcmdmemfmgmhmimjmkmlmmmnmompmqmrmsmtmumvmwmxmymznanbncndnenfngnhninjnknl"species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved27 September 2020.
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