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List of governors of Illinois

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Governor of Illinois
since January 14, 2019
ResidenceIllinois Governor's Mansion
Term lengthFour years, no term limits
Inaugural holderShadrach Bond
FormationOctober 6, 1818 (1818-10-06)
SuccessionLine of succession
DeputyLieutenant Governor of Illinois
Salary$177,412 (2015)[1]
Websitegov.illinois.gov

Thegovernor of Illinois is thehead of government of theU.S. state ofIllinois. Thegovernor is the head of theexecutive branch ofIllinois's state government and is charged with enforcing state laws. The governor has the power to either approve orveto bills passed by theIllinois Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grantpardons, except in cases ofimpeachment.[2] The governor is also thecommander-in-chief of the state'smilitary forces.

Since becoming a state in 1818, 43 people have served as governor of Illinois; before statehood, it had only one territorial governor,Ninian Edwards. The longest-serving governor wasJames R. Thompson, who was elected to four terms lasting 14 years, from 1977 to 1991. Only one governor,Richard J. Oglesby, has served multiple non-consecutive terms, having been elected in 1864, 1872, and 1884.

The current governor isJ. B. Pritzker, who took office on January 14, 2019.[3]

List of governors

[edit]

Territory of Illinois

[edit]

Illinois Territory was formed on March 1, 1809, fromIndiana Territory.[4] It had only two governors appointed by thepresident of the United States before it became a state, and only one ever took office.

Governors of Illinois Territory
No.GovernorTerm in office[a]Appointed by
1John Boyle
(1774–1834)
March 7, 1809

April 3, 1809
(resigned before taking office)[b]
James Madison
2Ninian Edwards[c]
(1775–1833)
[9][10]
April 24, 1809[d]

October 6, 1818
(statehood)[e]
James Madison

State of Illinois

[edit]

Illinois wasadmitted to the Union on December 3, 1818, consisting of the southern portion of Illinois Territory; the remainder was assigned toMichigan Territory.[17]

The firstIllinois Constitution, ratified in 1818, provided that a governor be elected every 4 years[18] for a term starting on the first Monday in the December following an election.[19] The constitution of 1848 moved the start of the term to the second Monday in January starting in 1849, thus shortening the term won in the 1844 election to 2 years.[20] Governors were not allowed to succeed themselves[19] until the 1870 constitution, which removed this limit.

The office oflieutenant governor was created in the first constitution,[21] to exercise the power of governor if that office becomes vacant.[22] The 1848 constitution changed this to say the power "devolves" upon the lieutenant governor in case of a vacancy.[23] The current constitution of 1970 made it so that, in the event of a vacancy, the lieutenant becomes governor,[24] and the governor and lieutenant governor are now elected on the sameticket.[25] If the governor feels seriously impeded in performing their job, they can inform thesecretary of state and the next in the line of succession, who becomes acting governor until the governor can resume office.[24]

Governors of the State of Illinois
No.[f]GovernorTerm in officePartyElectionLt. Governor[g][h]
1 Shadrach Bond
(1773–1832)
[28][29]
October 6, 1818[30]

December 5, 1822
(term-limited)[i]
Democratic-
Republican
[32]
1818 Pierre Menard
2Edward Coles
(1786–1868)
[33][34]
December 5, 1822[35]

December 6, 1826
(term-limited)[i]
Independent[36]1822Adolphus Hubbard
3Ninian Edwards
(1775–1833)
[10][9][37]
December 6, 1826[30]

December 6, 1830
(term-limited)[i]
Democratic-
Republican
[j]
1826William Kinney
4John Reynolds
(1788–1865)
[41][42]
December 6, 1830[30]

November 17, 1834
(resigned)[k]
Democratic[43]1830Zadok Casey[l]
(resigned March 1, 1833)
William Lee D. Ewing[l]
(acting)
5William Lee D. Ewing
(1795–1846)
[44][45]
November 17, 1834[46]

December 3, 1834
(successor took office)
Democratic[m]Lieutenant
governor
acting
Vacant
6Joseph Duncan
(1794–1844)
[48][49]
December 3, 1834[50]

December 7, 1838
(term-limited)[i]
Whig[51]1834Alexander M. Jenkins[l]
(resigned December 9, 1836)
William H. Davidson[l]
(acting)
7Thomas Carlin
(1789–1852)
[52][53]
December 7, 1838[54]

December 8, 1842
(term-limited)[i]
Democratic[55]1838Stinson Anderson
8Thomas Ford
(1800–1850)
[56][57]
December 8, 1842[58]

December 9, 1846
(term-limited)[i]
Democratic[59]1842John Moore
9Augustus C. French
(1808–1864)
[60][61]
December 9, 1846[62]

January 10, 1853
(term-limited)[n]
Democratic[64]1846[o]Joseph Wells
1848William McMurtry
10Joel Aldrich Matteson
(1808–1873)
[65][66]
January 10, 1853[67]

January 12, 1857
(term-limited)[n]
Democratic[68]1852Gustav Koerner
11William Henry Bissell
(1811–1860)
[69][70]
January 12, 1857[71]

March 18, 1860
(died in office)
Republican[72]1856John Wood
12John Wood
(1798–1880)
[73][74]
March 18, 1860[75]

January 14, 1861
(successor took office)
Republican[39]Lieutenant
governor
acting
Thomas Marshall[l]
(acting)
13Richard Yates
(1815–1873)
[76][77]
January 14, 1861[78]

January 16, 1865
(term-limited)[n]
Republican[79]1860Francis Hoffmann
14Richard J. Oglesby
(1824–1899)
[80][81]
January 16, 1865[82]

January 11, 1869
(term-limited)[n]
Republican[39]1864William Bross
15John M. Palmer
(1817–1900)
[83][84]
January 11, 1869[85]

January 13, 1873
(term-limited)[p]
Republican[39]1868John Dougherty
14Richard J. Oglesby
(1824–1899)
[80][81]
January 13, 1873[86]

January 23, 1873
(resigned)[q]
Republican[39]1872John Lourie Beveridge
16John Lourie Beveridge
(1824–1910)
[87][88]
January 23, 1873[89]

January 8, 1877
(successor took office)
Republican[39]Lieutenant
governor
acting
John Early
(acting)
(term ended January 8, 1875)
Archibald A. Glenn[l]
(acting)
17Shelby Moore Cullom
(1829–1914)
[90][91]
January 8, 1877[92]

February 6, 1883
(resigned)[r]
Republican[39]1876Andrew Shuman
1880John Marshall Hamilton
18John Marshall Hamilton
(1847–1905)
[94][95]
February 6, 1883[93]

January 30, 1885
(successor took office)
Republican[39]Lieutenant
governor
acting
William J. Campbell
(acting)
14Richard J. Oglesby
(1824–1899)
[80][81]
January 30, 1885[96]

January 14, 1889
(did not run)
Republican[39]1884John C. Smith
19Joseph W. Fifer
(1840–1938)
[97][98]
January 14, 1889[99]

January 10, 1893
(lost election)
Republican[39]1888Lyman Beecher Ray
20John Peter Altgeld
(1847–1902)
[100][101]
January 10, 1893[102]

January 11, 1897
(lost election)
Democratic[39]1892Joseph B. Gill
21John Riley Tanner
(1844–1901)
[103][104]
January 11, 1897[105]

January 14, 1901
(did not run)[s]
Republican[39]1896William Northcott
22Richard Yates Jr.
(1860–1936)
[106][107]
January 14, 1901[108]

January 9, 1905
(lost nomination)[106]
Republican[39]1900
23Charles S. Deneen
(1863–1940)
[109][110]
January 9, 1905[111]

February 3, 1913
(lost election)
Republican[39]1904Lawrence Yates Sherman
1908John G. Oglesby
24Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne
(1853–1937)
[112][113]
February 3, 1913[114]

January 8, 1917
(lost election)
Democratic[39]1912Barratt O'Hara
25Frank Orren Lowden
(1861–1943)
[115][116]
January 8, 1917[117]

January 10, 1921
(did not run)[115]
Republican[39]1916John G. Oglesby
26Len Small
(1862–1936)
[118][119]
January 10, 1921[120]

January 14, 1929
(did not run)
Republican[39]1920Fred E. Sterling
1924
27Louis Lincoln Emmerson
(1863–1941)
[121][122]
January 14, 1929[123]

January 9, 1933
(did not run)[121]
Republican[39]1928
28Henry Horner
(1878–1940)
[124][125]
January 9, 1933[126]

October 6, 1940
(died in office)
Democratic[39]1932Thomas Donovan
1936John Henry Stelle
29John Henry Stelle
(1891–1962)
[127][128]
October 6, 1940[129]

January 13, 1941
(successor took office)
Democratic[39]Lieutenant
governor
acting
Vacant
30Dwight H. Green
(1897–1958)
[130][131]
January 13, 1941[132]

January 10, 1949
(lost election)
Republican[39]1940Hugh W. Cross
1944
31Adlai Stevenson II
(1900–1965)
[133][134]
January 10, 1949[135]

January 12, 1953
(did not run)[t]
Democratic[39]1948Sherwood Dixon
32William Stratton
(1914–2001)
[136][137]
January 12, 1953[138]

January 9, 1961
(lost election)
Republican[39]1952John William Chapman
1956
33Otto Kerner Jr.
(1908–1976)
[139][140]
January 9, 1961[141]

May 20, 1968
(resigned)[u]
Democratic[39]1960Samuel H. Shapiro
1964
34Samuel H. Shapiro
(1907–1987)
[143][144]
May 21, 1968[145]

January 13, 1969
(lost election)
Democratic[39]Lieutenant
governor
acting
Vacant
35Richard B. Ogilvie
(1923–1988)
[146][147]
January 13, 1969[148]

January 8, 1973
(lost election)
Republican[39]1968Paul Simon[l]
36Dan Walker
(1922–2015)
[149][150]
January 8, 1973[151]

January 10, 1977
(lost nomination)[v]
Democratic[39]1972Neil Hartigan
37Jim Thompson
(1936–2020)
[152][153]
January 10, 1977[154]

January 14, 1991
(did not run)
Republican[153]1976[w]Dave O'Neal
(resigned July 31, 1981)
1978
Vacant
1982George Ryan
1986
38Jim Edgar
(1946–2025)
[156]
January 14, 1991[157]

January 11, 1999
(did not run)
Republican[156]1990Bob Kustra
(resigned July 1, 1998)
1994
Vacant
39George Ryan
(1934–2025)
[158]
January 11, 1999[159]

January 13, 2003
(did not run)
Republican[158]1998Corinne Wood
40Rod Blagojevich
(b. 1956)
[160]
January 13, 2003[161]

January 29, 2009
(impeached and removed)[x]
Democratic[160]2002Pat Quinn
2006
41Pat Quinn
(b. 1948)
[163]
January 29, 2009[164]

January 12, 2015
(lost election)
Democratic[163]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
Vacant
2010Sheila Simon
42Bruce Rauner
(b. 1956)
[165]
January 12, 2015[166]

January 14, 2019
(lost election)
Republican[165]2014Evelyn Sanguinetti
43JB Pritzker
(b. 1965)
[167]
January 14, 2019[168]

Incumbent[y]
Democratic[167]2018Juliana Stratton
2022

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^The range given is from the date the governor was confirmed by the Senate, or appointed by the President during a Senate recess, to the date the governor left office.
  2. ^Boyle was nominated on March 6, 1809,[5] and confirmed by the Senate on March 7.[6] However, he resigned on April 3, having never taken office.[7]
  3. ^Territorial SecretaryNathaniel Pope served as acting governor until Edwards arrived in Illinois in June 1809.[8]
  4. ^Edwards was appointed on April 24, 1809;[9] nominated on June 16;[11] and confirmed by the Senate on June 17.[12] He took office on June 11.[9] He was reappointed on July 7, 1812,[13] during a Senate recess; reconfirmed on November 20, 1812;[14] reappointed on November 20, 1815,[15] during a Senate recess; and reconfirmed on January 9, 1816.[16]
  5. ^Edwards served as governor until statehood, when hewas elected to theUnited States Senate.
  6. ^Based on the official site labelingBruce Rauner as the 42nd governor,[26] it is assumed the official numbering includes repeat governors only once; subsequent terms are marked with their original number italicized.
  7. ^Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  8. ^When the lieutenant governor is serving as governor, the Illinois Blue Book considers thepresident pro tempore of the senate to be acting lieutenant governor. However, this only applies to acting lieutenant governors before 1883; after that, there are no acting lieutenant governors noted, and instead these are marked vacant. It is unknown why this changed; the constitution does not appear to have any relevant changes around that time.[27]
  9. ^abcdefUnder the 1818 constitution, governors were limited to no more than four years out of every term of eight years.[31]
  10. ^Dubin labels Edward as a pro-Administration candidate;[38] Kallenbach labels him asNational Republican;[39] and Sobel and Glashan label him as Democratic-Republican.[10][40]
  11. ^Reynolds resigned, having beenelected to theUnited States House of Representatives.[42]
  12. ^abcdefgRepresented theDemocratic Party
  13. ^Kallenbach labels Ewing aNational Republican[39] and Glashan labels him a Democratic-Republican.[47] However, Sobel describes him as a "Jacksonian Democrat," which would be the opposition to those parties.[44]
  14. ^abcdUnder the 1848 constitution, governors elected after 1848 were limited to no more than four years out of every term of eight years.[63]
  15. ^The election schedule was shifted after this term, shortening it to two years.[20]
  16. ^The term limit was removed in the 1870 constitution, but Palmer was first elected under the previous constitution; Sobel writes that this meant he was term-limited.[83]
  17. ^Oglesby resigned, having beenelected to theUnited States Senate.[81]
  18. ^Cullom resigned, having beenelected to theUnited States Senate.[91][93]
  19. ^Tanner insteadran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination to theUnited States Senate.[103]
  20. ^Stevenson insteadran unsuccessfully forPresident of the United States.[133]
  21. ^Kerner resigned, having been confirmed to theUnited States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.[140][142]
  22. ^Walker lost the Democratic nomination toMichael Howlett.[149]
  23. ^The schedule for the 1970 constitution provided that the 1976 election would be for a two-year term, shifting the election schedule away from presidential election years.[155]
  24. ^Blagojevich was impeached and removed from office oncharges of corruption.[160][162]
  25. ^Pritzker's second term began on January 9, 2023,[169] andwill expire on January 11, 2027. He is running for reelection.

References

[edit]
General
Constitutions
Specific
  1. ^"Governors' Salaries, 2015". The Council of State Governments. June 25, 2013. RetrievedJanuary 9, 2016.
  2. ^IL Const. art. V
  3. ^"Election Results".Elections.il.gov. RetrievedJanuary 1, 2021.
  4. ^Stat. 514
  5. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 11th Cong., special sess.,119, accessed February 23, 2023.
  6. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 11th Cong., special sess.,120, accessed February 23, 2023.
  7. ^The Territorial Papers of the United States: Volume XVI: The Territory of Illinois 1809-1814(PDF).United States Government Publishing Office. 1948. pp. 18–19.
  8. ^Robert P. Howard (1988),Mostly Good and Competent Men: Illinois Governors, 1818–1988, Illinois Issues and the Illinois State Historical Society, 39–40.
  9. ^abcdMcMullin 1984, pp. 145–147.
  10. ^abcSobel 1978, pp. 366–367.
  11. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 11th Cong., 1st sess.,122, accessed February 23, 2023.
  12. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 11th Cong., 1st sess.,124, accessed February 23, 2023.
  13. ^Ferguson, Gillum (2012).Illinois in the War of 1812. University of Illinois Press. pp. 115–130.ISBN 978-0-252-03674-3.JSTOR 10.5406/j.ctt1xcqz0.
  14. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 12th Cong., 2nd sess.,305, accessed February 23, 2023.
  15. ^The Territorial Papers of the United States: Volume I: General.United States Government Publishing Office. 1934. p. 11.
  16. ^U.S. Congress.Senate Exec. Journal. 14th Cong., 1st sess.,21, accessed February 23, 2023.
  17. ^Stat. 536
  18. ^1818 Const. art. III, § 2
  19. ^ab1818 Const. art. III, § 3
  20. ^ab1848 Const. art. IV, § 3
  21. ^1818 Const. art. III, § 13
  22. ^1818 Const. art. III, § 18
  23. ^1848 Const. art. IV, § 19
  24. ^abIL Const. art. V, § 6
  25. ^IL Const. art. V, § 4
  26. ^"About the Governor". State of Illinois. Archived fromthe original on April 26, 2018. RetrievedApril 25, 2018.
  27. ^Illinois Blue Book, p. 360
  28. ^Sobel 1978, p. 365.
  29. ^"Shadrack Bond".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  30. ^abcKallenbach pp. 161–162
  31. ^"1818 Ill. Const. art. III, § 3".www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. RetrievedDecember 17, 2023.
  32. ^Dubin 2003, p. 45.
  33. ^Sobel 1978, p. 366.
  34. ^"Edward Coles".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  35. ^"Illinois Legislature".Edwardsville Spectator. December 14, 1822. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 16, 2023.
  36. ^Howard, Robert P. (1988).Mostly Good and Competent Men (2nd ed.). Springfield, Illinois: Institute for Public Affairs. pp. 12, 372.ISBN 0-938943-15-4.
  37. ^"Ninian Edwards".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  38. ^Dubin 2003, p. 46.
  39. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabKallenbach 1977, p. 161.
  40. ^Glashan 1979, p. 80.
  41. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 367–368.
  42. ^ab"John Reynolds".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  43. ^Howard, Robert P. (1988).Mostly Good and Competent Men (2nd ed.). Springfield, Illinois: Institute for Public Affairs. p. 31.ISBN 0-938943-15-4.
  44. ^abSobel 1978, p. 368.
  45. ^"William Lee Davidson Ewing".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  46. ^"Resignation".Vandalia Whig and Illinois Intelligencer. November 27, 1834. p. 2. RetrievedAugust 16, 2023.
  47. ^Glashan 1979, p. 78.
  48. ^Sobel 1978, p. 369.
  49. ^"Joseph Duncan".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  50. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1834 sess.,21, accessed August 16, 2023
  51. ^Dubin 2003, p. 47.
  52. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 369–370.
  53. ^"Thomas Carlin".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  54. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1838 sess.,16, accessed August 16, 2023
  55. ^Dubin 2003, p. 48.
  56. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 370–371.
  57. ^"Thomas Ford".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  58. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1842 sess.,33, accessed August 16, 2023
  59. ^Dubin 2003, p. 49.
  60. ^Sobel 1978, p. 371.
  61. ^"Augustus C. French".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  62. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1846 sess.,13, accessed August 16, 2023
  63. ^"1848 Ill. Const. art. IV, § 3".www.stateconstitutions.umd.edu. RetrievedDecember 17, 2023.
  64. ^Dubin 2003, pp. 49–50.
  65. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 371–372.
  66. ^"Joel Aldrich Matteson".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  67. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the House of Representatives. 1853 sess.,46, accessed August 16, 2023
  68. ^Dubin 2003, p. 51.
  69. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 372–373.
  70. ^"William Henry Bissell".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  71. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1857 sess.,60, accessed August 16, 2023
  72. ^Dubin 2003, p. 52.
  73. ^Sobel 1978, p. 373.
  74. ^"John Wood".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  75. ^"Death of Gov. Bissell".The Rock Island Argus. March 21, 1860. p. 2. RetrievedAugust 17, 2023.
  76. ^Sobel 1978, p. 374.
  77. ^"Richard Yates Sr".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  78. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1861 sess.,58, accessed August 16, 2023
  79. ^Dubin 2003, p. 53.
  80. ^abcSobel 1978, pp. 374–375.
  81. ^abcd"Richard James Oglesby".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  82. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1865 sess.,163, accessed August 16, 2023
  83. ^abSobel 1978, p. 376.
  84. ^"John McAuley Palmer".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  85. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1869 sess.,186, accessed August 16, 2023
  86. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1873 sess.,52, accessed August 16, 2023
  87. ^Sobel 1978, p. 377.
  88. ^"John Lourie Beveridge".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  89. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1873 sess.,138, accessed August 16, 2023
  90. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 377–378.
  91. ^ab"Shelby Moore Cullom".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  92. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1877 sess.,39, accessed August 16, 2023
  93. ^ab"Down and Out: The Governor's Resignation".Chicago Tribune. February 7, 1883. p. 3. RetrievedFebruary 24, 2023.
  94. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 378–379.
  95. ^"John Marshall Hamilton".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  96. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1885 sess.,122, accessed August 16, 2023
  97. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 379–380.
  98. ^"Joseph Wilson Fifer".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  99. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1889 sess.,99, accessed August 16, 2023
  100. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 380–381.
  101. ^"John Peter Altgeld".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  102. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1893 sess.,113, accessed August 16, 2023
  103. ^abSobel 1978, p. 381.
  104. ^"John Riley Tanner".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  105. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1897 sess.,167, accessed August 16, 2023
  106. ^abSobel 1978, p. 382.
  107. ^"Richard Yates Jr".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  108. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1901 sess.,173, accessed August 16, 2023
  109. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 382–383.
  110. ^"Charles Samuel Deneen".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  111. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1905 sess.,237, accessed August 16, 2023
  112. ^Sobel 1978, p. 383.
  113. ^"Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  114. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1913 sess.,395, accessed August 16, 2023
  115. ^abSobel 1978, p. 384.
  116. ^"Frank Orren Lowden".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  117. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1917 sess.,239, accessed August 16, 2023
  118. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 384–385.
  119. ^"Lennington Small".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  120. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1921 sess.,313, accessed August 16, 2023
  121. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 385–386.
  122. ^"Louis Lincoln Emmerson".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  123. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1929 sess.,104, accessed August 16, 2023
  124. ^Sobel 1978, p. 386.
  125. ^"Henry Horner".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  126. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1933 sess.,43, accessed August 16, 2023
  127. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 386–387.
  128. ^"John Henry Stelle".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  129. ^"Gov. Henry Horner Dies – Stelle Automatically Becomes Governor".The Pantagraph. Associated Press. October 7, 1940. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 18, 2023.
  130. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 387–388.
  131. ^"Dwight Herbert Green".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  132. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1941 sess.,27, accessed August 16, 2023
  133. ^abSobel 1978, p. 388.
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  137. ^"William Grant Stratton".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  138. ^Illinois General Assembly.Journal of the Senate. 1953 sess.,43, accessed August 16, 2023
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  140. ^ab"Otto Kerner, Jr".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
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  144. ^"Samuel H. Shapiro".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
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  150. ^"Daniel Walker".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  151. ^Lahey, Bob (January 9, 1973)."Walker Inaugurated, Promises 'People Government'".The Daily Herald. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 19, 2023.
  152. ^Sobel 1978, p. 392.
  153. ^ab"James Robert Thompson".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  154. ^Mehler, Neil; Elmer, John (January 11, 1977)."It's Gov Thompson Now".Chicago Tribune. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 19, 2023.
  155. ^Lousin, Ann (2011).The Illinois State Constitution. Oxford University Press. p. 130.ISBN 9780199766925.
  156. ^ab"Jim Edgar".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  157. ^Pearson, Rick; Hardy, Thomas (January 15, 1991)."Edgar Takes Helm in Illinois".Chicago Tribune. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 19, 2023.
  158. ^ab"George H. Ryan".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  159. ^"Ryan Pledges Cooperation".The Pantagraph. Associated Press. January 12, 1999. p. A1. RetrievedAugust 19, 2023.
  160. ^abc"Rod R. Blagojevich".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  161. ^Pearson, Rick; Parsons, Christi (January 14, 2003)."Blagojevich Takes Over, Puts Deficit at $5 Billion".Chicago Tribune. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 19, 2023.
  162. ^Gay, Malcolm; Saulny, Susan (January 29, 2009)."Blagojevich Ousted by Illinois State Senate".The New York Times. RetrievedJune 1, 2018.
  163. ^ab"Pat Quinn".National Governors Association. January 12, 2015. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
  164. ^Garcia, Monique; Huppke, Rex (January 30, 2009)."Low-Key Quinn Facing Challenge of a Lifetime With Ailing State".Chicago Tribune. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 19, 2023.
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  166. ^Pearson, Rick; Garcia, Monique; Geiger, Kim (January 13, 2015)."Rauner, Sworn In As Governor, Says Business As Usual Would Be 'Morally Corrupt'".Chicago Tribune. p. 6. RetrievedAugust 19, 2023.
  167. ^ab"JB Pritzker".National Governors Association. RetrievedFebruary 23, 2023.
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  169. ^"Gov. JB Pritzker sworn in for a 2nd term".WBEZ. January 9, 2023. RetrievedJanuary 23, 2025.

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