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List of governors of California

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Gavin Newsom, the 40th and current governor of California

Thegovernor of California is the head of government ofCalifornia, whose responsibilities include making annualState of the State addresses to theCalifornia State Legislature, submitting the budget, and ensuring that state laws are enforced. Thegovernor is also the commander-in-chief of thestate'smilitary forces. The current governor isGavin Newsom, who has been in office since 2019. 39 people have served as governor, over 40 distinct terms. Many have been influential nationwide in areas far-flung from state politics.Leland Stanford foundedStanford University in 1891.Earl Warren, laterchief justice of the United States, won an election with the nominations of the three major parties – the only person to run essentially unopposed for governor of California.Ronald Reagan, who was president of theScreen Actors Guild and laterpresident of the United States, andArnold Schwarzenegger both came to prominence through acting.Gray Davis, the 37th governor of California, was the second governor in American history to berecalled by voters. The shortest tenure was that ofMilton Latham, who served only five days before being elected to fill a vacantUnited States Senate seat. The longest tenure is that ofJerry Brown, who served as governor from 1975 to 1983 and again from 2011 to 2019, the only governor to serve non-consecutive terms. He is the son of former governorPat Brown who served from 1959 to 1967.

List of governors

[edit]
For the period before statehood, seelist of governors of California before 1850.

California was obtained by the United States in theMexican Cession following theMexican–American War. Unlike most other states, it was never organized as a territory and was admitted as the 31st state on September 9, 1850. The originalCalifornia Constitution of 1849 called for elections every two years, with no set start date for the term. An amendment ratified in 1862 increased the term to four years.[1] The 1879 constitution set the term to begin on the first Monday after January 1, following an election.[a] In 1990, Proposition 140 led to a constitutional amendment[2] implementing aterm limit of two terms.[3]

Prior to this limit, only one governor,Earl Warren, served more than two terms.Jerry Brown was elected to a third term in 2010, and then to a fourth and final term in 2014, because his previous terms were before the term limit was enacted. The 1849 constitution created the office oflieutenant governor, who, in cases of vacancy in the office of governor, becomes governor.[4] The governor and the lieutenant governor are not formally elected on the sameticket.

Governors of the State of California
No.GovernorTerm in officePartyElectionLt. Governor[b]
1 Peter Hardeman Burnett
(1807–1895)
[5][6][7]		December 20, 1849[8][c]
–
January 9, 1851
(resigned)[d]		Nonpartisan[e]1849 John McDougal
2John McDougal
(1818–1866)
[10][11][12]		January 9, 1851[13]
–
January 8, 1852
(did not run)		Nonpartisan[f]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		David C. Broderick[g]
(acting)
3John Bigler
(1805–1871)
[14][15][16]		January 8, 1852[17]
–
January 9, 1856
(lost election)		Democratic[18]1851Samuel Purdy
1853
4J. Neely Johnson
(1825–1872)
[19][20][21]		January 9, 1856[22]
–
January 8, 1858
(did not run)		American[23]1855Robert M. Anderson
5John B. Weller
(1812–1875)
[24][25][26]		January 8, 1858[27]
–
January 9, 1860
(did not run)		Democratic[23]1857Joseph Walkup
6Milton S. Latham
(1827–1882)
[28][29][30]		January 9, 1860[31]
–
January 14, 1860
(resigned)[h]		Lecompton
Democratic[23]		1859John G. Downey
7John G. Downey
(1827–1894)
[32][33][34]		January 14, 1860[35]
–
January 10, 1862
(did not run)		Lecompton
Democratic[36]		Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Isaac N. Quinn
(acting)
(term ended January 7, 1861)
Pablo de la Guerra
(acting)
8Leland Stanford
(1824–1893)
[37][38][39]		January 10, 1862[40]
–
December 10, 1863
(did not run)[i]		Republican[36]1861John F. Chellis
9Frederick Low
(1828–1894)
[42][43][44]		December 10, 1863[45]
–
December 5, 1867
(did not run)		Union[36]1863[j]Tim N. Machin
10Henry Huntly Haight
(1825–1878)
[46][47][48]		December 5, 1867[49]
–
December 8, 1871
(lost election)		Democratic[36]1867William Holden
11Newton Booth
(1825–1892)
[50][51][52]		December 8, 1871[53]
–
February 27, 1875
(resigned)[k]		Republican[36]1871Romualdo Pacheco
12Romualdo Pacheco
(1831–1899)
[54][55][56]		February 27, 1875[57]
–
December 9, 1875
(did not run)		Republican[36]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		William Irwin[g]
(acting)
13William Irwin
(1827–1886)
[58][59][60]		December 9, 1875[61]
–
January 8, 1880
(did not run)		Democratic[36]1875James A. Johnson
14George C. Perkins
(1839–1923)
[62][63][64]		January 8, 1880[65]
–
January 10, 1883
(did not run)		Republican[36]1879John Mansfield
15George Stoneman
(1822–1894)
[66][67][68]		January 10, 1883[69]
–
January 8, 1887
(did not run)[70]		Democratic[36]1882John Daggett
16Washington Bartlett
(1824–1887)
[71][72][73]		January 8, 1887[74]
–
September 12, 1887
(died in office)		Democratic[36]1886Robert Waterman[l]
17Robert Waterman
(1826–1891)
[75][76][77]		September 12, 1887[78]
–
January 8, 1891
(did not run)		Republican[36]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Stephen M. White[g]
(acting)
18Henry Markham
(1840–1923)
[79][80][81]		January 8, 1891[82]
–
January 11, 1895
(did not run)		Republican[36]1890John B. Reddick
19James Budd
(1851–1908)
[83][84][85]		January 11, 1895[86]
–
January 4, 1899
(did not run)[83]		Democratic[36]1894Spencer G. Millard[l]
(died October 24, 1895)
Vacant
William T. Jeter
(appointed October 26, 1895)
20Henry T. Gage
(1852–1924)
[87][88][89]		January 4, 1899[90]
–
January 7, 1903
(lost nomination)[87]		Republican[36]1898Jacob H. Neff
21George Pardee
(1857–1941)
[91][92][93]		January 7, 1903[94]
–
January 9, 1907
(lost nomination)[91]		Republican[36]1902Alden Anderson
22James Gillett
(1860–1937)
[95][96][97]		January 9, 1907[98]
–
January 3, 1911
(did not run)[95]		Republican[36]1906Warren R. Porter
23Hiram Johnson
(1866–1945)
[99][100][101]		January 3, 1911[102]
–
March 15, 1917
(resigned)[m]		Republican[36]1910Albert Joseph Wallace
Progressive[36]1914John M. Eshleman
(died February 28, 1916)
Vacant
William Stephens[l]
(took office July 22, 1916)
24William Stephens
(1859–1944)
[103][104][105]		March 15, 1917[106]
–
January 9, 1923
(lost nomination)[103]		Republican[36]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
1918C. C. Young
25Friend Richardson
(1865–1943)
[107][108][109]		January 9, 1923[110]
–
January 4, 1927
(lost nomination)[111]		Republican[36]1922
26C. C. Young
(1869–1947)
[112][113][114]		January 4, 1927[115]
–
January 6, 1931
(lost nomination)[116]		Republican[36]1926Buron Fitts
(resigned November 30, 1928)
Vacant
Herschel L. Carnahan
(appointed December 4, 1928)
27James Rolph
(1869–1934)
[117][118][119]		January 6, 1931[120]
–
June 2, 1934
(died in office)		Republican[36]1930Frank Merriam
28Frank Merriam
(1865–1955)
[121][122][123]		June 2, 1934[124]
–
January 2, 1939
(lost election)		Republican[36]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Vacant
1934George J. Hatfield
29Culbert Olson
(1876–1962)
[125][126][127]		January 2, 1939[128]
–
January 4, 1943
(lost election)		Democratic[36]1938Ellis E. Patterson
30Earl Warren
(1891–1974)
[129][130][131]		January 4, 1943[132]
–
October 4, 1953
(resigned)[n]		Republican[o]1942Frederick F. Houser
1946Goodwin Knight
1950
31Goodwin Knight
(1896–1970)
[135][136][137]		October 5, 1953[138]
–
January 5, 1959
(did not run)[p]		Republican[36]Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor		Harold J. Powers
1954
32Pat Brown
(1905–1996)
[139][140][141]		January 5, 1959[142]
–
January 2, 1967
(lost election)		Democratic[36]1958Glenn M. Anderson
1962
33Ronald Reagan
(1911–2004)
[143][144][145]		January 2, 1967[146]
–
January 6, 1975
(did not run)[143]		Republican[36]1966Robert Finch
(resigned January 8, 1969)
Edwin Reinecke
(resigned October 2, 1974)
1970
John L. Harmer
34Jerry Brown
(b. 1938)
[147][148][149]		January 6, 1975[150]
–
January 3, 1983
(did not run)		Democratic[36]1974Mervyn M. Dymally
1978Michael Curb[l]
35George Deukmejian
(1928–2018)
[151][152]		January 3, 1983[153]
–
January 7, 1991
(did not run)		Republican[152]1982Leo T. McCarthy[g]
1986
36Pete Wilson
(b. 1933)
[154][155]		January 7, 1991[156]
–
January 4, 1999
(term-limited)[q]		Republican[155]1990
1994Gray Davis[g]
37Gray Davis
(b. 1942)
[158][159]		January 4, 1999[160]
–
November 17, 2003
(recalled)[r]		Democratic[159]1998Cruz Bustamante[g]
2002
38Arnold Schwarzenegger
(b. 1947)
[162][161]		November 17, 2003[163]
–
January 3, 2011
(term-limited)[q]		Republican[161]2003
(recall)[r]
2006John Garamendi[g]
(resigned November 3, 2009)
Mona Pasquil[g]
(acting)
Abel Maldonado[l][s]
(appointed April 27, 2010)
39Jerry Brown
(b. 1938)
[148][164]		January 3, 2011[165]
–
January 7, 2019
(term-limited)[q]		Democratic[164]2010
Gavin Newsom[s]
(took office January 10, 2011)
2014
40Gavin Newsom
(b. 1967)
[167][168]		January 7, 2019[169]
–
Incumbent[t]		Democratic[168]2018Eleni Kounalakis
2021
(recall)[u]
2022

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^The rule of the term beginning on the first Monday after January 1 does not seem to have been followed until 1939; all terms between 1880 and 1931, except for 1923, began on the "wrong" day, often just one or two days off. This is well sourced, and it is unknown why the terms did not match the constitution, or why they began to match the constitution in 1939.
  2. ^Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  3. ^A civilian government was formed in late 1849 prior to official statehood, and operated as the state government for ten months before official statehood was granted.[6]
  4. ^Burnett abruptly resigned after his first annual address was criticized by the legislature.[6]
  5. ^The 1849 election was non-partisan;[5][9] sources say Burnett was anIndependent Democrat.[7]
  6. ^The 1849 election was non-partisan;[5][9] sources say McDougal was anIndependent Democrat.[12]
  7. ^abcdefghRepresented theDemocratic Party
  8. ^Latham resigned, having beenelected to theUnited States Senate.[29]
  9. ^Stanford withdrew after losing the early primaries of the Union/Republican nomination.[41]
  10. ^First term under an 1862 constitutional amendment, which lengthened terms to four years.[1]
  11. ^Booth resigned, having beenelected to theUnited States Senate.[51]
  12. ^abcdeRepresented theRepublican Party
  13. ^Johnson resigned, having beenelected to theUnited States Senate.[100]
  14. ^Warren resigned, having been appointedChief Justice of the United States.[130] His resignation letter specified he would leave office at "12 o'clock midnight, Sunday, Oct 4, 1953".[133]
  15. ^Warren ran as a Republican for his first and third terms. For his second term, he won the nomination of the Republican, Democratic, andProgressive parties.[134]
  16. ^Knight insteadran unsuccessfully for theUnited States Senate.[135]
  17. ^abcUnder a 1990 amendment to the constitution, governors may not serve more than two terms.[157]
  18. ^abDavis wasrecalled and Schwarzenegger elected to replace him in a special election.[161]
  19. ^abNewsom delayed his swearing in as lieutenant governor until January 10, 2011, to remainmayor of San Francisco; Maldonado stayed on as lieutenant governor until then.[166]
  20. ^Newsom's second term began on January 6, 2023,[170] andwill expire on January 4, 2027; he will be term-limited.
  21. ^Newsom survived arecall election.[171]

References

[edit]
General
Constitutions
Specific
  1. ^abHenning, W.F. (1899).Constitution of the State of California. C.W. Palm Company. RetrievedJanuary 18, 2008.
  2. ^"California Ballot Propositions 1990-1999". Los Angeles County Law Library. Archived fromthe original on October 7, 2010. RetrievedAugust 2, 2010.
  3. ^CA Const. art. V, § 2
  4. ^CA Const. art. V, § 10
  5. ^abcSobel 1978, p. 101.
  6. ^abc"Peter Hardeman Burnett".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2023.
  7. ^ab"Peter Burnett".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2023.
  8. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Senate. 1849–1850 sess.,20, accessed August 1, 2023
  9. ^abKallenbach 1977, p. 75.
  10. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 101–102.
  11. ^"John McDougal".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2023.
  12. ^ab"John McDougal".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2023.
  13. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Senate. 1851 sess.,43–47, accessed August 1, 2023
  14. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 102–103.
  15. ^"John Bigler".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2023.
  16. ^"John Bigler".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2023.
  17. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1852 sess.,27, accessed August 1, 2023
  18. ^Dubin 2003, p. 13.
  19. ^Sobel 1978, p. 103.
  20. ^"John Neely Johnson".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2023.
  21. ^"J. Neely Johnson".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2023.
  22. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1856 sess.,82, accessed August 1, 2023
  23. ^abcDubin 2003, p. 14.
  24. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 103–104.
  25. ^"John B. Weller".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2023.
  26. ^"John Weller".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2023.
  27. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1858 sess.,71, accessed August 1, 2023
  28. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 104–105.
  29. ^ab"Milton Slocum Latham".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2023.
  30. ^"Milton Latham".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2023.
  31. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1860 sess.,106, accessed August 1, 2023
  32. ^Sobel 1978, p. 105.
  33. ^"John G. Downey".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2023.
  34. ^"John Downey".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2023.
  35. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1860 sess.,153, accessed August 1, 2023
  36. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabKallenbach 1977, pp. 69–70.
  37. ^Sobel 1978, p. 106.
  38. ^"Amasa Leland Stanford".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2023.
  39. ^"Leland Stanford".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2023.
  40. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1862 sess.,97–98, accessed August 1, 2023
  41. ^"Republican Abolition State Ticket".The Placer Herald. June 20, 1863. p. 2. RetrievedDecember 23, 2023.
  42. ^Sobel 1978, p. 107.
  43. ^"Frederick Ferdinand Low".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2023.
  44. ^"Frederick Low".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 6, 2023.
  45. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1863–1864 sess.,93, accessed August 1, 2023
  46. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 107–108.
  47. ^"Henry Huntly Haight".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  48. ^"Henry Haight".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  49. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1867–1868 sess.,91, accessed August 1, 2023
  50. ^Sobel 1978, p. 108.
  51. ^ab"Newton Booth".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  52. ^"Newton Booth".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  53. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1871–1872 sess.,119, accessed August 1, 2023
  54. ^Sobel 1978, p. 109.
  55. ^"Romualdo Pacheco".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  56. ^"Romualdo Pacheco".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  57. ^"Our New Governor".San Francisco Chronicle. February 28, 1875. p. 8. RetrievedAugust 1, 2023.
  58. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 109–110.
  59. ^"William Irwin".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  60. ^"William Irwin".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  61. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1875–1876 sess.,19, accessed August 1, 2023
  62. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 110–111.
  63. ^"George Clement Perkins".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  64. ^"George Perkins".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  65. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1880 sess.,31, accessed August 1, 2023
  66. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 111–112.
  67. ^"George Stoneman".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  68. ^"George Stoneman".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  69. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1883 sess.,15, accessed August 1, 2023
  70. ^"The Convention".The San Francisco Examiner. August 31, 1886. p. 1. RetrievedDecember 23, 2023.
  71. ^Sobel 1978, p. 112.
  72. ^"Washington Bartlett".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  73. ^"Washington Bartlett".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  74. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1887 sess.,39, accessed August 1, 2023
  75. ^Sobel 1978, p. 113.
  76. ^"Robert Whitney Waterman".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  77. ^"Robert Waterman".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  78. ^"Pain Is Over".Oakland Tribune. September 13, 1887. p. 3. RetrievedAugust 1, 2023.
  79. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 113–114.
  80. ^"Henry Harrison Markham".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  81. ^"Henry Harrison Markham".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  82. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1891 sess.,44, accessed August 1, 2023
  83. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 114–115.
  84. ^"James Herbert Budd".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  85. ^"James Budd".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  86. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1895 sess.,32, accessed August 1, 2023
  87. ^abSobel 1978, p. 115.
  88. ^"Henry Tifft Gage".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  89. ^"Henry Gage".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  90. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1899 sess.,45, accessed August 1, 2023
  91. ^abSobel 1978, p. 116.
  92. ^"George Cooper Pardee".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  93. ^"George Pardee".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  94. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1903 sess.,69, accessed August 1, 2023
  95. ^abSobel 1978, p. 117.
  96. ^"James Norris Gillett".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  97. ^"James Gillett".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  98. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1907 sess.,34, accessed August 1, 2023
  99. ^Sobel 1978, p. 118.
  100. ^ab"Hiram Warren Johnson".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  101. ^"Hiram Johnson".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  102. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1911 sess.,53, accessed August 1, 2023
  103. ^abSobel 1978, p. 119.
  104. ^"William Dennison Stephens".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  105. ^"William Stephens".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  106. ^"Governor Quits Job To Become U.S. Senator".Record Searchlight. March 15, 1917. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 1, 2023.
  107. ^Sobel 1978, p. 120.
  108. ^"Friend William Richardson".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  109. ^"Friend Richardson".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  110. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1923 sess.,97, accessed August 1, 2023
  111. ^"Young Wins Republican Nomination".Mendocino Coast Beacon. September 11, 1926. p. 1. RetrievedFebruary 8, 2023.
  112. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 120–121.
  113. ^"Clement Calhoun Young".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  114. ^"C. C. Young".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  115. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1927 sess.,60, accessed August 1, 2023
  116. ^"Rolph Nominated for Governor by Margin of 24,000".The Fresno Bee. August 28, 1930. p. 1. RetrievedFebruary 8, 2023.
  117. ^Sobel 1978, p. 121.
  118. ^"James Rolph".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  119. ^"James Rolph".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  120. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1931 sess.,176, accessed August 1, 2023
  121. ^Sobel 1978, p. 122.
  122. ^"Frank Finley Merriam".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  123. ^"Frank Merriam".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  124. ^"F.F. Merriam Assumes Post of Governor".Los Angeles Evening Post-Record. June 2, 1934. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 1, 2023.
  125. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 122–123.
  126. ^"Culbert L. Olson".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  127. ^"Culbert Olson".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  128. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1939 sess.,26, accessed August 1, 2023
  129. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 123–124.
  130. ^ab"Earl Warren".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  131. ^"Earl Warren".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  132. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1943 sess.,20, accessed August 1, 2023
  133. ^"Warren Resigns as Governor in 32 Words".Evening Vanguard. Associated Press. October 5, 1953. p. 7. RetrievedFebruary 8, 2023.
  134. ^"Biography of Earl Warren".Earl Warren College. RetrievedDecember 13, 2018.
  135. ^abSobel 1978, pp. 124–125.
  136. ^"Goodwin Jess Knight".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  137. ^"Goodwin Knight".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  138. ^Phillips, Herbert L. (October 5, 1953)."Knight Takes Oath As Governor; Warren Becomes Chief Justice".The Sacramento Bee. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 2, 2023.
  139. ^Sobel 1978, pp. 125–126.
  140. ^"Edmund Gerald Brown".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  141. ^"Edmund G. "Pat" Brown".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  142. ^Calif. State Legislature.Journal of the Assembly. 1959 sess.,18, accessed August 1, 2023
  143. ^abSobel 1978, p. 126.
  144. ^"Ronald Wilson Reagan".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  145. ^"Ronald Reagan".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  146. ^Salzman, Ed (January 2, 1967)."Reagan Takes Midnight Oath".Oakland Tribune. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 2, 2023.
  147. ^Sobel 1978, p. 127.
  148. ^ab"Edmund G. Brown Jr".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  149. ^"Edmond G. "Jerry" Brown".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
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  152. ^ab"George Deukmejian".California State Library. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
  153. ^Shuit, Douglas (January 3, 1983)."Deukmejian Takes Oath As Governor".The Los Angeles Times. p. 1. RetrievedAugust 2, 2023.
  154. ^"Pete Wilson".National Governors Association. January 3, 2011. RetrievedFebruary 7, 2023.
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