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List of fungi of South Africa – R

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This is an alphabetical list offungal taxa as recorded fromSouth Africa. Currently accepted names have been appended.

Ra

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Genus:Radulum Fr. 1825, accepted asXenotypa Petr., (1955)

Radulum javanicum (Henn.) Lloyd 1915^[1] accepted asErythricium salmonicolor (Berk. & Broome) Burds., (1985)
Radulum lirellosum Lloyd.^[1]
Radulum mirabile Berk. & Broome 1873^[1] accepted asLopharia cinerascens (Schwein.) G. Cunn., (1956)
Radulum orbiculare Fr. 1825^[1] accepted asXylodon radula (Fr.) Ţura, Zmitr., Wasser & Spirin, (2011)

Genus:Ramalina Ach. 1809 (Lichens)

Ramalina angulosa Laurer ex Th. Fr. 1861^[1] accepted asRamalina australiensis Nyl., (1870)
Ramalina arabum (Dill. ex Ach.) Meyen & Flot. 1843^[1]
Ramalina australiensis Nyl., (1870) reported asRamalina angulosa Laurer ex Th. Fr. 1861^[1]
Ramalina bourgaeana Mont. ex Nyl.asbourgeana 1870^[1] accepted asNiebla bourgaeana (Mont. ex Nyl.) Rundel & Bowler [asbourgeana], (1978)
Ramalina calicaris (L.) Röhl. 1813^[1]
Ramalina calicaris f.ecklonii (Spreng.) Nyl. 1860,^[1] accepted asRamalina ecklonii (Spreng.) Meyen & Flot. [as 'eckloni'], (1843)
Ramalina capensis var.angulosa Th. Fr. 1861^[1]
Ramalina capensis var.melanothrix (Laurer) Th. Fr. 1861^[1] accepted asNiebla melanothrix (Laurer) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S. Ekman, (2018)
Ramalina celastri (Spreng.) Krog & Swinscow, (1976) reported asRamalina linearis (Sw.) Ach. 1810^[1]
Ramalina complanata (Sw.) Ach. 1810^[1]
Ramalina cuspidata (Ach.) Nyl. 1870^[1]
Ramalina cuspidata f.implexa H. Olivier 1892^[1]
Ramalina dendriscoides Nyl. 1876^[1]
Ramalina denticulata (Eschw.) Nyl. 1863^[1]
Ramalina duriaei Jatta (sic)^[1] possibly (De Not.) Bagl. 1879, accepted asRamalina lacera (With.) J.R. Laundon, (1984)
Ramalina ecklonii (Spreng.) Meyen & Flot. 1843^[1]
Ramalina euphorbiae Vain. 1901^[1]
Ramalina evernioides Nyl. 1857^[1]
Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. 1810^[1]
Ramalina farinacea var.squarrosa Müll. Arg. 1883^[1] accepted asRamalina peruviana Ach., (1810)
Ramalina fastigiata (Pers.) Ach. 1810^[1]
Ramalina fraxinea (L.) Ach. 1810^[1]
Ramalina fraxinea var.fastigiata (Lilj.) Fr. 1826^[1]
Ramalina geniculata Hook. f. & Taylor 1844,^[1] accepted asRamalina inflata (Hook. f. & Taylor) Hook. f. & Taylor, (1845)
Ramalina geniculata f.tenuis Hue.^[1]*
Ramalina geniculata var.olivacea Müll. Arg. 1879^[1] accepted asRamalina inflata (Hook. f. & Taylor) Hook. f. & Taylor, (1845)
Ramalina gracilis (Pers.) Nyl. 1860;^[1]
Ramalina implexa Laur. (sic)^[1]possibly (Nyl.) Krog 1994
Ramalina inflata (Hook. f. & Taylor) Hook. f. & Taylor, (1845) reported asRamalina geniculata Hook. f. & Taylor 1844,^[1]
Ramalina intermedia (Delise ex Nyl.) Nyl. 1873^[1]
Ramalina lacera (With.) J.R. Laundon, (1984) possibly repoerted asRamalina duriaei Jatta (sic)^[1] possibly (De Not.) Bagl. 1879
Ramalina lanceolata Nyl. 1870^[1]
Ramalina linearis (Sw.) Ach. 1810^[1] accepted asRamalina celastri (Spreng.) Krog & Swinscow, (1976)
Ramalina melanothrix Laurer 1860^[1] accepted asNiebla melanothrix (Laurer) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S. Ekman, (2018)
Ramalina membranacea Laur.^[1] possibly Mont. 1839
Ramalina peruviana Ach., (1810) reported asRamalina farinacea var.squarrosa Müll. Arg. 1883^[1]
Ramalina pollinaria (Westr.) Ach. 1810^[1]
Ramalina pollinaria f.cariosa Laurer 1870^[1]
Ramalina pusilla Le Prévost ex Duby 1830^[1]
Ramalina scopulorum (Ach.) Ach. 1810^[1] accepted asRamalina siliquosa (Huds.) A.L. Sm., (1918)
Ramalina scopulorum var.cornuata (Ach.) Ach. 1810^[1] accepted asRamalina cuspidata (Ach.) Nyl., (1870)
Ramalina scopulorum var.humilis Schaer.^[1]
Ramalina scopulorum var.implexa Nyl.^[1]
Ramalina siliquosa (Huds.) A.L. Sm., (1918) reported asRamalina scopulorum (Ach.) Ach. 1810^[1]
Ramalina subfraxinea Nyl. 1870^[1]
Ramalina usnea (L.) R. Howe 1914^[1]
Ramalina usnea var.capensis (Nyl.) Zahlbr. 1930;^[1]
Ramalina usnea var.contorta (Flot.) Zahlbr. 1930;^[1]
Ramalina usneoides (Ach.) Mont. 1837^[1]
Ramalina usneoides var.capensis Nyl.^[1]
Ramalina usneoides var.contorta Flotow.^[1] wccepted asRamalina usnea (L.) R. Howe 1914
Ramalina webbii var.capensis A. Massal. 1861^[1]
Ramalina yemensis (Ach.) Nyl. 1870.^[1]
Ramalina yemensis f.fenestralis Stizenb. 1890^[1]
Ramalina yemensis f.sublinearis Nyl. 1870^[1]
Ramalina yemensis f.tenuissima Müll.Arg.^[2]*
Ramalina yemensis var.ecklonii (Spreng.) Vain. 1890^[2]
Ramalina yemensis var.lanceolata Nyl.^[2]*
Ramalina yemensis var.membranacea (Laurer) Nyl. 1870^[2]
Ramalina yemensis var.tenuissima (Meyen & Flot.) Zahlbr. 1930^[2] accep-ted asRamalina celastri (Spreng.) Krog & Swinscow, (1976)

Genus:Ramularia Unger 1833

Ramularia areola G.F. Atk. 1890^[2] accepted asRamularia gossypii (Speg.) Cif., (1962)
Ramularia gossypii (Speg.) Cif., (1962) reported asRamularia areola G.F. Atk. 1890^[2]
Ramularia primulae Thüm. 1878^[2]
Ramularia richardiae Kalchbr. & Cooke 1880^[2]
Ramularia rumicis Kalchbr. & Cooke 1880^[2]

Genus:Ravenelia Berk. 1853

Ravenelia atrides Syd. & P. Syd. 1912^[2] accepted asUredopeltis atrides (Syd. & P. Syd.) A.R. Wood, (2007)
Ravenelia baumiana Henn. 1903^[2]
Ravenelia bottomleyae Doidge 1927^[2] accepted asSpumula bottomleyae (Doidge) Thirum., (1946)
Ravenelia deformans (Maubl.) Dietel 1906^[2] accepted asRavenelia hieronymi Speg., (1881)
Ravenelia dichrostachydis Doidge 1927,^[2]
Ravenelia elephantorhizae Doidge 1927^[2]
Ravenelia escharoides Syd. & P. Syd. 1912^[2]
Ravenelia evansii Syd. & P. Syd. 1912,^[2]
Ravenelia glabra Kalchbr. & Cooke 1880^[2]
Ravenelia halsei Doidge 1939^[2]
Ravenelia hieronymi Speg., (1881) recorded asRavenelia deformans (Maubl.) Dietel 1906^[2]
Ravenelia indigoferae Tranzschel ex Dietel 1894^[2]
Ravenelia inornata (Kalchbr.) Dietel 1894^[2]
Ravenelia laevis Dietel & Holw. 1897^[2]
Ravenelia le-testui Maubl., (1906)^[2]
Ravenelia macowaniana Pazschke 1894^[2]
Ravenelia minima Cooke 1882^[2]
Ravenelia modesta Doidge 1939^[2]
Ravenelia munduleae Henn. 1896^[2]
Ravenelia natalensis Syd., P. Syd. & Pole-Evans 1912^[2]
Ravenelia ornamentalis (Kalchbr.) Dietel 1906^[2]
Ravenelia peglerae Pole-Evans 1950^[2]
Ravenelia pienaarii Doidge 1927^[2]
Ravenelia pretoriensis Syd. & P. Syd. 1912^[2]
Ravenelia stictica Berk. & Broome 1873^[2]
Ravenelia tephrosiae Kalchbr. 1886.^[2]
Ravenelia transvaalensis Doidge 1939^[2]
Ravenelia woodii Pazschke 1894,.^[2]

Rh

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Genus:Rhachomyces Thaxt. 1895

Rhachomyces dolicaontis Thaxt., [asdolichaontis] (1901)^[2]

Genus:Rhinocladium Sacc. & Marchal 1885

Rhinocladium beurmanni (Matr. & Ramond) Vuill. 1910^[2] accepted asSporothrix schenckii Hektoen & C.F. Perkins, (1900)

Genus:Rhinosporidium Minchin & Fantham 1905 (Mesomycetozoea) (Protozoa)

Rhinosporidium kinealyi Minchin & Fantham 1905^[2]
Rhinosporidium seeberi (Wernicke) Seeber 1912^[2]
Rhinosporidium sp.^[2]

Genus:Rhinotrichum Corda 1837

Rhinotrichum curtisii Berk. 1867^[2] accepted asAcladium curtisii (Berk.) M.B. Ellis, (1976)
Rhinotrichum rubiginosum Lloyd (sic)^[2] possibly (Fr.) Sumst. 1911 accepted asBotryobasidium rubiginosum (Fr.) Rossman & W.C. Allen, (2016)

Genus:Rhizina Fr. 1815,

Rhizina inflata Karst. (sic)^[2] possobly (Schaeff.) Quél. 1886
Rhizina resupinata Lloyd^[2]*

Genus:Rhizocarpon Ramond ex DC. 1805 (Lichens)

Rhizocarpon affine G. Merr.^[2]
Rhizocarpon badioatrum var.alboatrum Malme 1922,^[2] accepted asRhizocarpon richardii (Lamy ex Nyl.) Zahlbr., (1926)
Rhizocarpon capense Zahlbr. 1936^[2]
Rhizocarpon disporum var.montagnei (Flot.) Zahlbr. 1926,^[2] accepted asRhizocarpon disporum (Nägeli ex Hepp) Müll. Arg., (1879)
Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. 1805^[2]
Rhizocarpon geographicum f.atrovirens (L.) A. Massal. 1853^[2] accepted asRhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. 1805
Rhizocarpon geographicum f.intermedium (Stizenb.) Zahlbr. 1926^[2]
Rhizocarpon montagnei Körb. 1855^[2] accepted asRhizocarpon disporum (Nägeli ex Hepp) Müll. Arg., (1879)
Rhizocarpon patellarium (Stizenb.) Zahlbr. 1926^[2]
Rhizocarpon richardii (Lamy ex Nyl.) Zahlbr., (1926) recorded asRhizocarpon badioatrum var.alboatrum Malme 1922,^[2]
Rhizocarpon viridiatrum (Wulfen) Körb. 1855^[2]

Genus:Rhizoctonia DC. 1815

Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taubenh.) E.J.Butler, (1925),^[2] accepted asMacrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. (1947)
Rhizoctonia crocorum (Pers.) DC. 1815^[2] accepted asHelicobasidium purpureum (Tul.) Pat. 1885
Rhizoctonia lamellifera W.Small (1924),^[2] accepted asMacrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. (1947)
Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn 1858^[2]
Rhizoctonia sp.^[2]

Genus:Rhizomyces

Rhizomyces confusus Thaxt.^[2]

Genus:Rhizopogon

Rhizopogon capfcnsis Lloyd ex Verw.^[2]
Rhizopogon luteolus Fr.^[2]
Rhizopogon niger Zeller & Dodge.^[2]
Rhizopogon pachyphloeus Zeller & Dodge.^[2]
Rhizopogon radicans Lloyd^[2]
Rhizopogon rubescens Tul.^[2]

Genus:Rhizopus

Rhizopus arhizus Fisch.^[2]
Rhizopus artocarpi Racib. (1900),^[2] accepted asRhizopus stolonifer Vuillemin (1902)
Rhizopus nigricans Ehrenberg (1820),^[2] accepted asRhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill., (1902)
Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill., (1902),^[2]

Genus:Rhodopaxillus Maire 1913, accepted asLepista (Fr.) W.G. Sm., (1870)

Rhodopaxillus caffrorum (Kalchbr. & MacOwan) Singer 1942^[2] accepted asLepista caffrorum (Kalchbr. & MacOwan) Singer, (1951)

Genus:Rhodotorula F.C. Harrison 1927

Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (A. Jörg.) F.C. Harrison 1928^[2]

Genus:Rhopalospora*

Rhopalospora caffra Massal.^[2]*

Genus:Rhynchosphaeria (Sacc.) Berl. 1890

Rhynchosphaeria fagarae Doidge 1941^[2]

Genus:Rhynchosporium Heinsen ex A.B. Frank 1897,

Rhynchosporium secalis (Oudem.) Davis 1919^[2]

Genus:Rhytisma Fr. 1819

Rhytisma eugeniacearum Corda 1840^[2]
Rhytisma grewiae Kalchbr. 1880^[2] accepted asPhyllachora grewiae (Kalchbr.) Theiss. & Syd., (1915)
Rhytisma melianthi Thüm. 1876^[2] accepted asPhyllachora melianthi (Thüm.) Sacc., (1883)
Rhytisma myricae Mont. 1856^[2]
Rhytisma porrigo Cooke 1882^[2] accepted asCycloschizon porrigo (Cooke) Arx, (1962)

Ri

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Genus:Ricasolia A.Massal. (1855), accepted asSolenopsora A.Massal. (1855) (Lichens)

Ricasolia crenulata var.stenospora Nyl. 1859^[2]
Ricasolia erosa (Eschw.) Nyl. 1860^[2] accepted asEmmanuelia erosa (Eschw.) Lücking, M. Cáceres & Ant. Simon, (2020)
Ricasolia patinifera (Taylor) Müll. Arg. 1888^[2] accepted asEmmanuelia patinifera (Taylor) Lücking, M. Cáceres & Ant. Simon, (2020)
Ricasolia ravenelii (Tuck.) Nyl. 1863^[2] accepted asEmmanuelia ravenelii (Tuck.) Ant. Simon & Goffinet, (2020)
Ricasolia sublaevis Nyl. 1868^[2]

Genus:Rinodina (Ach.) Gray 1821 (Lichens)

Rinodina aethalea Ach.^[2]*
Rinodina albotincta (sic) Zahlbr.^[2] possiblyRinodina albocincta Zahlbr., (1936)
Rinodina bicolor Zahlbr. 1932^[2]
Rinodina capensis Hampe 1861^[2]
Rinodina confragulosa (sic) Müll.Arg.^[2] possiblyRinodina confragosula (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. 1887,
Rinodina conspersa Müll. Arg. 1889^[2]
Rinodina deminutula (Stizenb.) Zahlbr. 1931^[2]
Rinodina detecta (Stizenb.) Zahlbr. 1931^[2]
Rinodina exigua (Ach.) Gray 1821^[2]
Rinodina ficta (Stizenb.) Zahlbr. 1931^[2]
Rinodina hufferiana (sic) Müll.Arg.^[2] probablyRinodina huefferiana Müll. Arg. 1880
Rinodina huillensis Vain. 1901^[2]
Rinodina microlepida Müll. Arg. 1888^[2]
Rinodina microphthalma A. Massal. 1861^[2]
Rinodina oreina (Ach.) A. Massal. 1852,^[2] accepted asDimelaena oreina (Ach.) Norman, (1852)
Rinodina roboris (Dufour ex Nyl.) Arnold 1881^[2]
Rinodina sophodes (Ach.) A. Massal. 1852^[2]
Rinodina sophodes var.atroalbida (Nyl.) Zahlbr. 1931 [asatroalba]^[2]
Rinodina sophodes var.ledienii Stein 1888^[2]
Rinodina teichophiloides (Stizenb.) Zahlbr. 1931^[2] accepted asRinodina blastidiata Matzer & H. Mayrhofer, (1994)

Genus:Rizalia Syd. & P. Syd. 1914

Rizalia confusa Doidge 1924^[2]

Ro

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Genus:Roccella DC. 1805 (Lichens)

Roccella arnoldi Vain. 1901^[2]
Roccella fuciformis (L.) DC., (1805),^[2]
Roccella fucoides (Neck.) Vain. 1901^[2] accepted asRoccella phycopsis Ach., (1810)
Roccella fucoides var.arnoldi (Vain.) Zahlbr. 1915^[2]
Roccella hereroensis Vain. 1900^[2]
Roccella hypomecha (Ach.) Bory 1828^[2] accepted asRoccellina hypomecha (Ach.) Tehler, (2007)
Roccella hypomecha var.benguellensis Vain. 1901^[2]
Roccella hypomecha var.isabellina Vain. 1901^[2]
Roccella linearis var.guineensis Vain. 1901^[2]
Roccella linearis var.primaria Vain. 1901^[2]
Roccella mollusca (Ach.) Nyl. 1858^[2] accepted asCombea mollusca (Ach.) Nyl., (1860)
Roccella montagnei Bél. (1834),^[2]
Roccella mossamedana Vain. 1901^[2]
Roccella phycopsis Ach. (1810),^[2]
Roccella podocarpa Vain. 1901^[2]
Roccella tinctoria DC. 1805^[2] accepted asRoccella phycopsis Ach., (1810)
Roccella tinctoria f.complanata Vain. 1901^[2]
Roccella tinctoria var.hypomecha (Ach.) Ach. 1810^[2] accepted asRoccellina hypomecha (Ach.) Tehler, (2007)
Roccella tinctoria var.subpodicellata Vain. 1901^[2]

Family:Roccellaceae Chevall. 1826^[2]

Genus:Rosellinia De Not. 1844

Rosellinia aquila (Fr.) Ces. & De Not. 1844^[3]
Rosellinia subiculata (Schwein.) Sacc. 1882^[3]
Rosellinia sp.^[3]

Genus:Rosenscheldia Speg. 1885 accepted asBotryosphaeria Ces. & De Not., (1863)

Rosenscheldia horridula Doidge 1921^[3]

Ru

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Genus:Russula Pers. 1796

Russula cyanoxantha (Schaeff.) Fr. 1863^[3]
Russula integra (L.) Fr. 1838^[3]
Russula pectinata Fr. 1838,^[3]
Russula rubra (Lam.) Fr. 1838^[3]

References

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^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bgDoidge 1950, p. 1079.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw ^cx ^cy ^cz ^da ^db ^dc ^dd ^de ^df ^dg ^dh ^di ^dj ^dk ^dl ^dm ^dn ^do ^dp ^dq ^dr ^ds ^dt ^du ^dv ^dw ^dx ^dy ^dzDoidge 1950, p. 1080.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^hDoidge 1950, p. 1081.

Sources

[edit]

Doidge, Ethel (1950)."Titles of Works, not included in the General bibliography, and Index to Fungi and Lichens".Bothalia.5 (1). Bothalia [Online]:1030–1094.doi:10.4102/abc.v5i1.1880. Retrieved29 July 2021 – via journals.abcjournal.aosis.co.za.

Alderflies, dobsonflies and fishflies
Beetles
Booklice, barklice and barkflies
Butterflies and moths
Caddisflies
Cockroaches and termites
Dragonflies and damselflies
Earwigs
Fleas
Flies
Jumping bristletails
Lice
Mantises
Mayflies
Net-winged insects
Notoptera
Orthoptera
Sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants
Scorpionflies
Silverfish and firebrats
Stick and leaf insects
Stoneflies
Strepsiptera
Termites
Thrips
True bugs
Webspinners

Molluscs

Vertebrates

Seaweeds

Fungi

Regional taxon checklists and other minor lists
List of marine invertebrates of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay List of marine vertebrates of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay List of green seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay List of brown seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay List of red seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay Related: Timber trees of Gauteng

Biodiversity hotspots andCentres of diversity
Cape Floristic Region Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany Hotspot Succulent Karoo Succulent Karoo Cape Floristic Region Griqualand West Centre Albany Centre Drakensberg Alpine Centre Soutpansberg Centre Wolkberg Centre Sekhukhuneland Centre Barberton Centre Maputaland-Pondoland Region

Ecoregions

List of ecoregions in South Africa

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests	Knysna–Amatole montane forests KwaZulu–Cape coastal forest mosaic Maputaland coastal forest mosaic
Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands	Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands Southern Africa bushveld Zambezian and mopane woodlands
Montane grasslands and shrublands	Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests Highveld grasslands Maputaland–Pondoland bushland and thickets
Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub	Albany thickets Lowland fynbos and renosterveld Montane fynbos and renosterveld
Deserts and xeric shrublands	Kalahari xeric savanna Nama Karoo Succulent Karoo
Tundra	Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra
Mangroves	Southern Africa mangroves
Marine ecoregions	Agulhas ecoregion Benguela ecoregion Delagoa ecoregion Natal ecoregion Southeast Atlantic ecoregion Southwest Indian ecoregion

Biomes andVegetation classification

List of vegetation types of South Africa

Savanna	Andesite Mountain Bushveld Aoub Duneveld Barberton Serpentine Sourveld Bhisho Thornveld Cathedral Mopane Bushveld Central Sandy Bushveld Delagoa Lowveld Dwaalboom Thornveld Dwarsberg-Swartruggens Mountain Bushveld Eastern Valley Bushveld Gabbro Grassy Bushveld Gauteng Shale Mountain Bushveld Ghaap Plateau Vaalbosveld Gold Reef Mountain Bushveld Gordonia Duneveld Gordonia Kameeldoring Bushveld Gordonia Plains Shrubland Granite Lowveld Gravelotte Rocky Bushveld Kaalrug Mountain Bushveld Kathu Bushveld Kimberley Thornveld Koranna-Langeberg Mountain Bushveld Kuruman Mountain Bushveld Kuruman Thornveld Kuruman Vaalbosveld KwaZulu-Natal Hinterland Thornveld KwaZulu-Natal Sandstone Sourveld Lebombo Summit Sourveld Legogote Sour Bushveld Limpopo Ridge Bushveld Limpopo Sweet Bushveld Loskop Mountain Bushveld Loskop Thornveld Lowveld Rugged Mopaneveld Madikwe Dolomite Bushveld Mafikeng Bushveld Makatini Clay Thicket Makhado Sweet Bushveld Makuleke Sandy Bushveld Malelane Mountain Bushveld Mamabolo Mountain Bushveld Marikana Thornveld Molopo Bushveld Moot Plains Bushveld Mopane Basalt Shrubland Mopane Gabbro Shrubland Musina Mopane Bushveld Ngongoni Veld Norite Koppies Bushveld Northern Lebombo Bushveld Northern Zululand Sourveld Nossob Bushveld Nwambyia-Pumbe Sandy Bushveld Ohrigstad Mountain Bushveld Olifantshoek Plains Thornveld Phalaborwa-Timbavati Mopaneveld Pilanesberg Mountain Bushveld Polokwane Plateau Bushveld Postmasburg Thornveld Poung Dolomite Mountain Bushveld Pretoriuskop Sour Bushveld Roodeberg Bushveld Schmidtsdrif Thornveld Schweizer-Reneke Bushveld Sekhukhune Mountain Bushveld Sekhukhune Plains Bushveld South Eastern Coastal Thornveld Southern Lebombo Bushveld Soutpansberg Mountain Bushveld Springbokvlakte Thornveld Stella Bushveld Swaziland Sour Bushveld Tembe Sandy Bushveld Thukela Thornveld Thukela Valley Bushveld Tsende Mopaneveld Tshokwane-Hlane Basalt Lowveld Tzaneen Sour Bushveld Vaalbos Rocky Shrubland VhaVenda Miombo Waterberg Mountain Bushveld Western Maputaland Clay Bushveld Western Maputaland Sandy Bushveld Western Sandy Bushveld Zeerust Thornveld Zululand Coastal Thornveld Zululand Lowveld
Grassland	Aliwal North Dry Grassland Amathole Mistbelt Grassland Amathole Montane Grassland Amersfoort Highveld Clay Grassland Barberton Montane Grassland Basotho Montane Shrubland Bedford Dry Grassland Besemkaree Koppies Shrubland Bloemfontein Dry Grassland Bloemfontein Karroid Shrubland Carletonville Dolomite Grassland Central Free State Grassland Drakensberg Afroalpine Heathland Drakensberg Foothill Moist Grassland Drakensberg-Amathole Afromontane Fynbos East Griqualand Grassland Eastern Free State Clay Grassland Eastern Free State Sandy Grassland Eastern Highveld Grassland Egoli Granite Grassland Frankfort Highveld Grassland Income Sandy Grassland Ithala Quartzite Sourveld KaNgwane Montane Grassland Karoo Escarpment Grassland Klerksdorp Thornveld KwaZulu-Natal Highland Thornveld Leolo Summit Sourveld Lesotho Highland Basalt Grassland Low Escarpment Moist Grassland Lydenburg Montane Grassland Lydenburg Thornveld Mabela Sandy Grassland Midlands Mistbelt Grassland Mooi River Highland Grassland Mthatha Moist Grassland Northern Drakensberg Highland Grassland Northern Escarpment Afromontane Fynbos Northern Escarpment Dolomite Grassland Northern Escarpment Quartzite Sourveld Northern Free State Shrubland Northern KwaZulu-Natal Moist Grassland Northern KwaZulu-Natal Shrubland Northern Zululand Mistbelt Grassland Paulpietersburg Moist Grassland Queenstown Thornveld Rand Highveld Grassland Sekhukhune Montane Grassland Senqu Montane Shrubland Southern Drakensberg Highland Grassland Southern KwaZulu-Natal Moist Grassland Soutpansberg Summit Sourveld Soweto Highveld Grassland Steenkampsberg Montane Grassland Stormberg Plateau Grassland Strydpoort Summit Sourveld Tarkastad Montane Shrubland Tsakane Clay Grassland Tsomo Grassland uKhahlamba Basalt Grassland Vaal Reefs Dolomite Sinkhole Woodland Vaal-Vet Sandy Grassland Vredefort Dome Granite Grassland Wakkerstroom Montane Grassland Waterberg-Magaliesberg Summit Sourveld Western Free State Clay Grassland Western Highveld Sandy Grassland Western Lesotho Basalt Shrubland Winburg Grassy Shrubland Wolkberg Dolomite Grassland Woodbush Granite Grassland Xhariep Karroid Grassland Zastron Moist Grassland
Fynbos	Agulhas Limestone Fynbos Agulhas Sand Fynbos Albertinia Sand Fynbos Algoa Sandstone Fynbos Atlantis Sand Fynbos Bokkeveld Sandstone Fynbos Boland Granite Fynbos Breede Alluvium Fynbos Breede Quartzite Fynbos Breede Sand Fynbos Breede Shale Fynbos Canca Limestone Fynbos Cape Flats Sand Fynbos Cape Winelands Shale Fynbos Cederberg Sandstone Fynbos Central Coastal Shale Band Vegetation Central Inland Shale Band Vegetation De Hoop Limestone Fynbos Eastern Coastal Shale Band Vegetation Eastern Inland Shale Band Vegetation Elgin Shale Fynbos Elim Ferricrete Fynbos Garden Route Granite Fynbos Garden Route Shale Fynbos Graafwater Sandstone Fynbos Greyton Shale Fynbos Grootrivier Quartzite Fynbos Hangklip Sand Fynbos Hawequas Sandstone Fynbos Hopefield Sand Fynbos Kamiesberg Granite Fynbos Kango Conglomerate Fynbos Knysna Sand Fynbos Kogelberg Sandstone Fynbos Kouebokkeveld Alluvium Fynbos Kouebokkeveld Shale Fynbos Kouga Grassy Sandstone Fynbos Kouga Sandstone Fynbos Leipoldtville Sand Fynbos Loerie Conglomerate Fynbos Lourensford Alluvium Fynbos Matjiesfontein Quartzite Fynbos Matjiesfontein Shale Fynbos Montagu Shale Fynbos Namaqualand Sand Fynbos North Hex Sandstone Fynbos North Kammanassie Sandstone Fynbos North Langeberg Sandstone Fynbos North Outeniqua Sandstone Fynbos North Rooiberg Sandstone Fynbos North Sonderend Sandstone Fynbos North Swartberg Sandstone Fynbos Northern Inland Shale Band Vegetation Olifants Sandstone Fynbos Overberg Sandstone Fynbos Peninsula Granite Fynbos Peninsula Sandstone Fynbos Piketberg Sandstone Fynbos Potberg Ferricrete Fynbos Potberg Sandstone Fynbos Robertson Granite Fynbos South Hex Sandstone Fynbos South Kammanassie Sandstone Fynbos South Langeberg Sandstone Fynbos South Outeniqua Sandstone Fynbos South Rooiberg Sandstone Fynbos South Sonderend Sandstone Fynbos South Swartberg Sandstone Fynbos Southern Cape Dune Fynbos Stinkfonteinberge Quartzite Fynbos Suurberg Quartzite Fynbos Suurberg Shale Fynbos Swartberg Altimontane Sandstone Fynbos Swartberg Shale Fynbos Swartland Alluvium Fynbos Swartruggens Quartzite Fynbos Swellendam Silcrete Fynbos Tsitsikamma Sandstone Fynbos Western Altimontane Sandstone Fynbos Western Coastal Shale Band Vegetation Winterhoek Sandstone Fynbos
Renosterveld	Baviaanskloof Shale Renosterveld Breede Alluvium Renosterveld Breede Shale Renosterveld Central Mountain Shale Renosterveld Central Ruêns Shale Renosterveld Ceres Shale Renosterveld Eastern Ruêns Shale Renosterveld Hantam Plateau Dolerite Renosterveld Humansdorp Shale Renosterveld Kango Limestone Renosterveld Langkloof Shale Renosterveld Matjiesfontein Shale Renosterveld Montagu Shale Renosterveld Mossel Bay Shale Renosterveld Namaqualand Granite Renosterveld Nieuwoudtville Shale Renosterveld Nieuwoudtville-Roggeveld Dolerite Renosterveld Peninsula Shale Renosterveld Robertson Granite Renosterveld Roggeveld Shale Renosterveld Ruêns Silcrete Renosterveld Swartberg Shale Renosterveld Swartland Alluvium Renosterveld Swartland Granite Renosterveld Swartland Shale Renosterveld Swartland Silcrete Renosterveld Uniondale Shale Renosterveld Vanrhynsdorp Shale Renosterveld Western Ruêns Shale Renosterveld
Succulent Karoo	Aggeneys Gravel Vygieveld Agter-Sederberg Shrubland Anenous Plateau Shrubland Bushmanland Inselberg Shrubland Central Knersvlakte Vygieveld Central Richtersveld Mountain Shrubland Citrusdal Vygieveld Die Plate Succulent Shrubland Doringrivier Quartzite Karoo Eastern Little Karoo Eenriet Plains Succulent Shrubland Goariep Mountain Succulent Shrubland Hantam Karoo Kamiesberg Mountains Shrubland Klawer Sandy Shrubland Knersvlakte Dolomite Vygieveld Knersvlakte Quartz Vygieveld Knersvlakte Shale Vygieveld Koedoesberge-Moordenaars Karoo Kosiesberg Succulent Shrubland Lekkersing Succulent Shrubland Little Karoo Quartz Vygieveld Namaqualand Arid Grassland Namaqualand Blomveld Namaqualand Coastal Duneveld Namaqualand Heuweltjie Strandveld Namaqualand Heuweltjieveld Namaqualand Inland Duneveld Namaqualand Klipkoppe Shrubland Namaqualand Shale Shrubland Namaqualand Spinescent Grassland Namaqualand Strandveld Northern Knersvlakte Vygieveld Northern Richtersveld Scorpionstailveld Northern Richtersveld Yellow Duneveld Oograbies Plains Sandy Grassland Piketberg Quartz Succulent Shrubland Platbakkies Succulent Shrubland Prince Albert Succulent Karoo Richtersveld Coastal Duneveld Richtersveld Red Duneveld Richtersveld Sandy Coastal Scorpionstailveld Riethuis-Wallekraal Quartz Vygieveld Robertson Karoo Roggeveld Karoo Rooiberg Quartz Vygieveld Rosyntjieberg Succulent Shrubland Southern Namaqualand Quartzite Klipkoppe Shrubland Southern Richtersveld Inselberg Shrubland Southern Richtersveld Scorpionstailveld Southern Richtersveld Yellow Duneveld Steytlerville Karoo Stinkfonteinberge Eastern Apron Shrubland Swartruggens Quartzite Karoo Tanqua Escarpment Shrubland Tanqua Karoo Tatasberg Mountain Succulent Shrubland Umdaus Mountains Succulent Shrubland Upper Annisvlakte Succulent Shrubland Vanrhynsdorp Gannabosveld Vyftienmyl se Berge Succulent Shrubland Western Bushmanland Klipveld Western Gwarrieveld Western Little Karoo Willowmore Gwarrieveld
Albany Thicket and Strandveld	Albany Arid Thicket Albany Bontveld Albany Mesic Thicket Albany Valley Thicket Baviaans Valley Thicket Bethelsdorp Bontveld Blombos Strandveld Buffels Mesic Thicket Buffels Valley Thicket Cape Flats Dune Strandveld Crossroads Grassland Thicket Doubledrift Karroid Thicket Eastern Gwarrieveld Elands Forest Thicket Escarpment Arid Thicket Escarpment Mesic Thicket Escarpment Valley Thicket Fish Arid Thicket Fish Mesic Thicket Fish Valley Thicket Gamka Arid Thicket Gamka Valley Thicket Geluk Grassland Thicket Goukamma Dune Thicket Gouritz Valley Thicket Grahamstown Grassland Thicket Grassridge Bontveld Groot Brak Dune Strandveld Hamburg Dune Thicket Hartenbos Dune Thicket Kasouga Dune Thicket Koedoeskloof Karroid Thicket Lambert's Bay Strandveld Langebaan Dune Strandveld Mons Ruber Fynbos Thicket Motherwell Karroid Thicket Nanaga Savanna Thicket Oudshoorn Karroid Thicket Overberg Dune Strandveld Saldanha Flats Strandveld Saldanha Granite Strandveld Saldanha Limestone Strandveld Saltaire Karroid Thicket Sardinia Forest Thicket St Francis Dune Thicket Subtropical Dune Thicket Sundays Arid Thicket Sundays Mesic Thicket Sundays Valley Thicket Thorndale Forest Thicket Umtiza Forest Thicket Vanstadens Forest Thicket Western Gwarrieveld Willowmore Gwarrieveld
Nama Karoo and desert	Albany Broken Veld Blouputs Karroid Thornveld Bushmanland Arid Grassland Bushmanland Basin Shrubland Bushmanland Sandy Grassland Eastern Lower Karoo Eastern Upper Karoo Gamka Karoo Kalahari Karroid Shrubland Lower Gariep Broken Veld Lower Karoo Gwarrieveld Northern Upper Karoo Upper Karoo Hardeveld Western Upper Karoo Alexander Bay Coastal Duneveld Eastern Gariep Plains Desert Eastern Gariep Rocky Desert Helskloof Canyon Desert Kahams Mountain Desert Kwaggarug Mountain Desert Namib Lichen Fields Noms Mountain Desert Northern Nababiepsberge Mountain Desert Richtersberg Mountain Desert Richtersveld Sheet Wash Desert Southern Nababiepsberge Mountain Desert Western Gariep Hills Desert Western Gariep Lowland Desert Western Gariep Plains Desert
Azonal	Albany Alluvial Vegetation Albany Dune Strandveld Algoa Dune Strandveld Arid Estuarine Salt Marshes Bushmanland Vloere Cape Estuarine Salt Marshes Cape Inland Salt Pans Cape Lowland Alluvial Vegetation Cape Lowland Freshwater Wetlands Cape Seashore Vegetation Cape Vernal Pools Drakensberg Wetlands Eastern Temperate Freshwater Wetlands Fynbos Riparian Vegetation Highveld Alluvial Vegetation Highveld Salt Pans Lesotho Mires Lower Gariep Alluvial Vegetation Muscadel Riviere Namaqualand Riviere Namaqualand Salt Pans Namaqualand Seashore Vegetation Namib Seashore Vegetation Southern Kalahari Mekgacha Southern Kalahari Salt Pans Southern Karoo Riviere Subantarctic Kelp Bed Vegetation Subtropical Alluvial Vegetation Subtropical Dune Thicket Subtropical Estuarine Salt Marshes Subtropical Freshwater Wetlands Subtropical Salt Pans Subtropical Seashore Vegetation Tanqua Wash Riviere Upper Gariep Alluvial Vegetation
Forest and Coastal belt	KwaZulu-Natal Coastal Belt Maputaland Coastal Belt Maputaland Wooded Grassland Pondoland-Natal Sandstone Coastal Sourveld Transkei Coastal Belt Ironwood Dry Forest Lowveld Riverine Forest Mangrove Forest Northern Afrotemperate Forest Northern Coastal Forest Northern Mistbelt Forest Sand Forest Scarp Forest Southern Afrotemperate Forest Southern Coastal Forest Southern Mistbelt Forest Swamp Forest
Subantarctic biome	Subantarctic Biotic Herbfield and Grassland Subantarctic Cinder Cone Vegetation Subantarctic Coastal Vegetation Subantarctic Drainage Line Vegetation Subantarctic Fellfield Subantarctic Fernbrake Vegetation Subantarctic Mire Subantarctic Polar Desert
not on VEGMAP	List of forests of South Africa List of forests of the Eastern Cape Forests of KwaZulu-Natal KwaZulu-Natal Dune Forest KwaZulu-Natal coastal lowland forest List of forests of the Western Cape

Protected areas of South Africa

Index of protected areas of South Africa

South
African
National
Parks

Biosphere
reserves

Marine
protected
areas of
South
Africa

Coastal

Offshore

Management
organisations

Biodiversity research in SA

Research organisations	Animal Demography Unit BirdLife South Africa South African Association for Marine Biological Research South African Environmental Observation Network South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity South African National Biodiversity Institute
Research projects	African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme National Biodiversity Assessment National Vegetation Map Project Reef Atlas Project SeaKeys
Citizen science databases	iNaturalist iSpot Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology Virtual Museum
Botanical gardens	Durban Botanic Gardens Free State National Botanical Garden Garden Route Botanical Garden Hantam National Botanical Garden Harold Porter National Botanical Garden Johannesburg Botanical Garden Karoo Desert National Botanical Garden Kwelera National Botanical Garden Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden KwaZulu-Natal National Botanical Garden Lowveld National Botanical Garden Makana Botanical Gardens Manie van der Schijff Botanical Garden North-West University Botanical Garden Pretoria National Botanical Garden Stellenbosch University Botanical Garden Thohoyandou National Botanical Garden University of KwaZulu-Natal Botanical Garden Walter Sisulu National Botanical Garden
Taxonomists	List of authors of South African botanical taxa List of authors of South African animal taxa

Regional biodiversity	Biodiversity of Cape Town List of nature reserves in Cape Town
Legislation	Marine Living Resources Act, 18 of 1998 National Environmental Management Act, 1998 National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 10 of 2004 National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act, 24 of 2008 National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act, 57 of 2003
Publications	List of field guides to South African biota