Map of states with U.S. federally recognized tribes marked in yellow. States with no federally recognized tribes are marked in gray. Indian reservations Federally recognized tribes are thoseNative American tribes recognized by theUnited States Bureau of Indian Affairs as holding a government-to-government relationship with the U.S.federalgovernment .[ 1] [update] Indian tribes were legally recognized by theBureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) of the United States.[ 2] [ 3]
In theUnited States , the Native American tribe is a fundamental unit of sovereign tribal government. As theDepartment of the Interior explains, "federally recognized tribes are recognized as possessing certain inherent rights of self-government (i.e., tribal sovereignty)...."[ 1] U.S. Congress the right to interact with tribes. More specifically, theSupreme Court of the United States inUnited States v. Sandoval (231 US. 28 [1913]) warned, "it is not ... that Congress may bring a community or body of people within range of this power by arbitrarily calling them an Indian tribe, but only that in respect of distinctly Indian communities the questions whether, to what extent, and for what time they shall be recognized and dealt with as dependent tribes" (at 46).[ 4] tribal recognition grants to tribes the right to self-government, as well as certain benefits. The recognition process is largely controlled by the United States federal agency theBureau of Indian Affairs , in consultation with federally recognized tribes.
In January 2015, the United States'Federal Register Indian Entities Recognized and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs .[ 5] [ 6] USA.gov , the federal government's official web portal, maintains a list oftribal governments which is constantly updated. Ancillary information present informer versions of this list but no longer contained in the current listing have been included here in italics print.
In 2018, six more Virginia-based tribes were added to the list, then in 2020 the Little Shell Chippewa were recognized bringing the total to 574.[ 7]
Except for Hawaii, states that have no federally recognized tribes todayforcibly removed tribes from their region in the 19th century,[ 8] Indian Territory , nowOklahoma .[ 9]
Ak-Chin Indian Community previously listed as Ak Chin Indian Community of the Maricopa (Ak Chin) Indian Reservation, Arizona )Cocopah Tribe of Arizona Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation, Arizona previously listed asFort McDowell Mohave-Apache Community of the Fort McDowell Indian Reservation )Gila River Indian Community of the Gila River Indian Reservation, Arizona Havasupai Tribe of the Havasupai Reservation, Arizona Hopi Tribe of Arizona Hualapai Indian Tribe of the Hualapai Indian Reservation, Arizona Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians of the Kaibab Indian Reservation, Arizona Pascua Yaqui Tribe of Arizona Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community of the Salt River Reservation, Arizona San Carlos Apache Tribe of the San Carlos Reservation, Arizona San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe of Arizona Tohono O'odham Nation of Arizona Tonto Apache Tribe of Arizona White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation, Arizona Yavapai-Prescott Tribe of the Yavapai Reservation, Arizona Multiple states:
No federally recognized tribes
Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians of the Agua Caliente Indian Reservation, California Alturas Indian Rancheria, California Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians, California previously listed asAugustine Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Augustine Reservation, California )Bear River Band of the Rohnerville Rancheria, California Berry Creek Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California Big Lagoon Rancheria, California Big Pine Band of Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone Indians of the Big Pine Reservation, California Big Sandy Rancheria of Mono Indians of California Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians of the Big Valley Rancheria, California Blue Lake Rancheria, California Bridgeport Paiute Indian Colony of California Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Indians previously listed asCabazon Band of Mission Indians, California ;Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Cabazon Reservation )Cachil DeHe Band of Wintun Indians of the Colusa Indian Community of the Colusa Rancheria, California Cahto Indian Tribe of the Laytonville Rancheria, California Cahuilla Band of Mission Indians of the Cahuilla Reservation, California California Valley Miwok Tribe, California previously theSheep Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California )Campo Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Campo Indian Reservation, California Capitan Grande Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of California :Cedarville Rancheria, California Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the Chemehuevi Reservation, California Cher-Ae Heights Indian Community of the Trinidad Rancheria, California Chicken Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California Cloverdale Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California Cold Springs Rancheria of Mono Indians of California Cortina Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California Coyote Valley Band of Pomo Indians of California Death Valley Timbi-Sha Shoshone Band of California Dry Creek Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California Elem Indian Colony of Pomo Indians of the Sulphur Bank Rancheria, California Elk Valley Rancheria, California Enterprise Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California Ewiiaapaayp Band of Kumeyaay Indians, California previously listed asCuyapaipe Community of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Cuyapaipe Reservation )Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria, California previously listed asGraton Rancheria )previously listed asFederated Coast Miwok )Fort Bidwell Indian Community of the Fort Bidwell Reservation of California Fort Independence Indian Community of Paiute Indians of the Fort Independence Reservation, California Greenville Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California Grindstone Indian Rancheria of Wintun-Wailaki Indians of California Guidiville Rancheria of California Habematolel Pomo of Upper Lake, California previously listed asUpper Lake Band of Pomo Indians of Upper Lake Rancheria of California )Hoopa Valley Tribe, California Hopland Band of Pomo Indians of the Hopland Rancheria, California Inaja Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Inaja and Cosmit Reservation, California Ione Band of Miwok Indians of California Jackson Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California Jamul Indian Village of California Karuk Tribe of California Kashia Band of Pomo Indians of the Stewarts Point Rancheria, California Kletsel Dehe Wintun Nation of the Cortina Rancheria previously listed asKletsel Dehe Band of Wintun Indians )Koi Nation of Northern California previously listed asKoi Nation )La Jolla Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the La Jolla Reservation, California La Posta Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the La Posta Indian Reservation, California Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla & Cupeno Indians of the Los Coyotes Reservation, California previously listed asLos Coyotes Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Los Coyotes Reservation )Lytton Rancheria of California Manchester Band of Pomo Indians of the Manchester Rancheria, California previously listed asManchester Band of Pomo Indians of the Manchester-Point Arena Rancheria, California )Manzanita Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Manzanita Reservation, California Mechoopda Indian Tribe of Chico Rancheria, California Mesa Grande Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Mesa Grande Reservation, California Middletown Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California Mooretown Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California Morongo Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Morongo Reservation, California Northfork Rancheria of Mono Indians of California Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community of the Bishop Colony, California Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Lone Pine Community of the Lone Pine Reservation, California Pala Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pala Reservation, California Paskenta Band of Nomlaki Indians of California Pauma Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pauma & Yuima Reservation, California Pechanga Band of Indians previously listed asPechanga Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pechanga Reservation, California )Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians of California Pinoleville Pomo Nation, California previously listed asPinoleville Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California )Pit River Tribe, California Potter Valley Tribe, California previously listed asPotter Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California )Pulikla Tribe of Yurok People [ 10] previously listed asResighini Rancheria, California ;Coast Indian Community of Yurok Indians of the Resighini Rancheria )Quartz Valley Indian Community of the Quartz Valley Reservation of California Ramona Band or Village of Cahuilla Mission Indians of California Redding Rancheria, California Redwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California Rincon Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of Rincon Reservation, California previously listed asRincon Band of Luiseno Indians )Robinson Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California Round Valley Indian Tribes of the Round Valley Reservation, California previously listed asCovelo Indian Community )Rumsey Indian Rancheria of Wintun Indians of California San Pasqual Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of California Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Indians, California previously listed asSanta Rosa Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Santa Rosa Reservation )Santa Rosa Indian Community of the Santa Rosa Rancheria, California Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Mission Indians of the Santa Ynez Reservation, California Santa Ysabel Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Santa Ysabel Reservation, California Scotts Valley Band of Pomo Indians of California Sherwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians, Shingle Springs Rancheria (Verona Tract), California Smith River Rancheria, California Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians, California previously listed asSoboba Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Soboba Reservation )Susanville Indian Rancheria, California Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation previously listed asSycuan Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of California )Table Mountain Rancheria of California Tejon Indian Tribe Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians, California previously listed asTorres-Martinez Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of California )Tule River Indian Tribe of the Tule River Reservation, California Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians of the Tuolumne Rancheria of California Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians of California United Auburn Indian Community of the Auburn Rancheria of California Utu Utu Gwaitu Paiute Tribe of the Benton Paiute Reservation, California Wilton Rancheria Wiyot Tribe, California previously listed asTable Bluff Reservation—Wiyot Tribe )Yuhaaviatam of San Manuel Nation previously listed asSan Manuel Band of Mission Indians, California ;San Manuel Band of Serrano Mission Indians of the San Manuel Reservation, California )Yurok Tribe of the Yurok Reservation, California Multiple states:
Multiple states:
No federally recognized tribes
No federally recognized tribes
No federally recognized tribes
Multiple states:
Prairie Band of Potawatomi Nation [ 12] [ 13]
Multiple states:
Multiple states:
No federally recognized tribes
No federally recognized tribes
Bay Mills Indian Community, Michigan Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, Michigan Hannahville Indian Community, Michigan Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, Michigan Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians, Michigan Little River Band of Ottawa Indians, Michigan Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, Michigan Match-e-be-nash-she-wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians of Michigan previously listed asGun Lake Indian Tribe )previously listed asGun Lake Village Band & Ottawa Colony Band of Grand River Ottawa Indians )Nottawaseppi Huron Band of the Potawatomi, Michigan previously listed asHuron Potawatomi, Inc. )Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, Michigan previously listed asSault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Michigan )Multiple states:
Multiple states:
Multiple states:
No federally recognized tribes
Multiple states:
Multiple states:
Duckwater Shoshone Tribe of the Duckwater Reservation, Nevada Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute Indians of the Las Vegas Indian Colony, Nevada Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock Indian Colony, Nevada Moapa Band of Paiute Indians of the Moapa River Indian Reservation, Nevada Paiute-Shoshone Tribe of the Fallon Reservation and Colony, Nevada Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of the Pyramid Lake Reservation, Nevada Reno-Sparks Indian Colony, Nevada Summit Lake Paiute Tribe of Nevada Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada Walker River Paiute Tribe of the Walker River Reservation, Nevada Winnemucca Indian Colony of Nevada Yerington Paiute Tribe of the Yerington Colony & Campbell Ranch, Nevada Yomba Shoshone Tribe of the Yomba Reservation, Nevada Multiple states:
No federally recognized tribes
No federally recognized tribes
Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico previously listed asJicarilla Apache Tribe of the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation )Mescalero Apache Tribe of the Mescalero Reservation, New Mexico Ohkay Owingeh, New Mexico previously listed asPueblo of San Juan )Pueblo of Acoma, New Mexico Pueblo of Cochiti, New Mexico Pueblo of Isleta, New Mexico Pueblo of Jemez, New Mexico Pueblo of Laguna, New Mexico Pueblo of Nambe, New Mexico Pueblo of Picuris, New Mexico Pueblo of Pojoaque, New Mexico Pueblo of San Felipe, New Mexico Pueblo of San Ildefonso, New Mexico Pueblo of Sandia, New Mexico Pueblo of Santa Ana, New Mexico Pueblo of Santa Clara, New Mexico Pueblo of Taos, New Mexico Pueblo of Tesuque, New Mexico Pueblo of Zia, New Mexico Santo Domingo Pueblo previously listed asKewa Pueblo, New Mexico andPueblo of Santo Domingo )Multiple states:
Multiple states:
No federally recognized tribes
Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town Apache Tribe of Oklahoma Caddo Nation of Oklahoma previously listed asCaddo Indian Tribe of Oklahoma )Cherokee Nation Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes, Oklahoma previously listed asCheyenne-Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma )Citizen Potawatomi Nation, Oklahoma Comanche Nation, Oklahoma previously listed asComanche Indian Tribe )Delaware Nation previously listed asDelaware Tribe of Western Oklahoma )Delaware Tribe of Indians, Oklahoma previously listed asCherokee Delaware )previously listed asEastern Delaware )Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma Fort Sill Apache Tribe of Oklahoma Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma Kaw Nation, Oklahoma Kialegee Tribal Town Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma Kiowa Indian Tribe of Oklahoma Miami Tribe of Oklahoma Modoc Nation (previously listed asModoc Tribe of Oklahoma )Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians, Oklahoma Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma Peoria Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma Ponca Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma Quapaw Nation (previously listed asQuapaw Tribe of Indians )Sac & Fox Nation, Oklahoma Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma Shawnee Tribe The Chickasaw Nation The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma The Muscogee (Creek) Nation The Osage Nation previously listed asOsage Tribe of Oklahoma )The Seminole Nation of Oklahoma Thlopthlocco Tribal Town, Oklahoma Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Wichita, Keechi, Waco & Tawakonie), Oklahoma Wyandotte Nation Multiple states:
No federally recognized tribes
Multiple states:
Multiple states:
Multiple states:
No federally recognized tribes
Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation previously theConfederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Indian Nation of the Yakama Reservation )Cowlitz Indian Tribe Hoh Indian Tribe previously listed asHoh Indian Tribe of the Hoh Indian Reservation, Washington )Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe previously listed asJamestown S'Klallam Tribe of Washington )Kalispel Indian Community of the Kalispel Reservation Lower Elwha Tribal Community previously listed asLower Elwha Tribal Community of the Lower Elwha Reservation, Washington )Lummi Tribe of the Lummi Reservation Makah Indian Tribe of the Makah Indian Reservation Muckleshoot Indian Tribe previously listed asMuckleshoot Indian Tribe of the Muckleshoot Reservation, Washington )Nisqually Indian Tribe previously listed asNisqually Indian Tribe of the Nisqually Reservation, Washington )Nooksack Indian Tribe previously listed asNooksack Indian Tribe of Washington )Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribe previously listed asPort Gamble Band of S'Klallam Indians ;Port Gamble Indian Community of the Port Gamble Reservation, Washington )Puyallup Tribe of the Puyallup Reservation previously listed asPuyallup Tribe of the Puyallup Reservation, Washington )Quileute Tribe of the Quileute Reservation previously listed asQuileute Tribe of the Quileute Reservation, Washington )Quinault Indian Nation previously listed asQuinault Tribe of the Quinault Reservation, Washington )Samish Indian Nation previously listed asSamish Indian Tribe, Washington )Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe of Washington Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation previously listed asShoalwater Bay Tribe of the Shoalwater Bay Indian Reservation, Washington )Skokomish Indian Tribe of the Skokomish Reservation, Washington Snoqualmie Indian Tribe previously listed asSnoqualmie Tribe, Washington )Spokane Tribe of the Spokane Reservation Squaxin Island Tribe of the Squaxin Island Reservation previously listed asSquaxin Island Tribe of the Squaxin Island Reservation, Washington )Stillaguamish Tribe of Washington Suquamish Indian Tribe of the Port Madison Reservation, Washington Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish Reservation, Washington Tulalip Tribes of Washington previously listed asTulalip Tribes of the Tulalip Reservation, Washington )Upper Skagit Indian Tribe previously listed asUpper Skagit Indian Tribe of Washington )No federally recognized tribes
Flags of Wisconsin tribes in the state capitol Multiple states:
Native Americans in the United States
Indigenous peoples in Canada
^a b "Why Tribes Exist Today in the United States" .Frequently Asked Questions . Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved17 May 2023 .^ Bureau of Indian Affairs, Interior. (January 8, 2024)."Notice Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs" .Federal Register .89 (944):944– 48. RetrievedFebruary 5, 2024 . ^ Federal Acknowledgment of the Pamunkey Indian Tribe Archived 2015-07-14 at theWayback Machine ^ Sheffield (1998) p. 56 ^ Federal Register, Volume 80, Number 9 dated January 14, 2015 ^ Federal Acknowledgment of the Pamunkey Indian Tribe Archived 2015-07-14 at theWayback Machine ^ Hilleary, Cecily (January 31, 2018)."US Recognizes 6 Virginia Native American Tribes" .Voice of America . RetrievedMay 24, 2021 . ^ "American Indian Removal" .Native Knowledge 360° . National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved17 May 2023 .^ "Shawnee Nation Case Study" .Native Knowledge 360° . National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved17 May 2023 .^ "Resighini Rancheria Becomes Pulikla Tribe of Yurok People, Honoring Ancestral Lands and Cultural Heritage" .Native News Online . 11 July 2024. Retrieved18 July 2024 .^ "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs" .Federal Register .87 (FR 2112):2112– 16. 12 January 2023. Retrieved1 May 2023 .^ https://news.wttw.com/2024/04/19/illinois-now-home-federally-recognized-tribal-land-after-prairie-band-potawatomi-nation [bare URL ^ https://capitolnewsillinois.com/news/prairie-band-potawatomi-becomes-1st-federally-recognized-tribe-in-illinois/ [bare URL ^ McLaughlin, Kathleen (21 Dec 2019)."A big moment finally comes for the Little Shell: Federal recognition of their tribe" . Retrieved21 December 2019 . ^ "State of the Tribe Fiscal Year 2021" (PDF) . Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. Retrieved20 December 2020 .^ "Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs" . 28 January 2022.^ Federal Registrar , July 23, 2018: p. 34865
