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List of endangered languages of Oceania

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Language Endangerment Status byUNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger category
Extinct (EX)
Extinct (EX)	(lists)
Endangered
Critically Endangered (CR) Severely Endangered (SE) Definitely Endangered (DE) Vulnerable (VU)	(list) (list) (list) (list)
Safe
Safe (NE)	no list
Other categories
Revived (RE) Constructed (CL)	(list) (list)
Related topics Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger Endangered Languages Project Ethnologue Unclassified language List of languages by total number of speakers
UNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger categories
v t e

This is adynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byediting the page to add missing items, with references toreliable sources.

This is alist of endangered languages of Oceania, based onthe definitions used by UNESCO.

Anendangered language is alanguage that it is at risk of falling out of use because there is little transmission of the language to younger generations. If a language loses all of its native speakers, it becomes anextinct language.

Australia

[edit]

Main article:List of Australian Aboriginal languages

According to the 2016 census,English is the only language spoken in the home for close to 72.7% of the population. The next most common languages spoken at home areMandarin (2.5%),Arabic (1.4%),Cantonese (1.2%),Vietnamese (1.2%) andItalian (1.2%). A considerable proportion of first- and second-generation migrants are bilingual.^[1]

Federated States of Micronesia

[edit]

Main article:Micronesian languages

Language	Speakers	Status	Comments
Kapingamarangi language^[2]	~3,000^[3]	Severely endangered
Kosraean language^[2]	~7,720^[4]	Severely endangered	Micronesia & Nauru
Mokilese language^[2]	~1,500^[5]	Critically endangered
Mortlockese language,Mortlockese^[2]	~5,900^[6]	Definitely endangered
Namonuito language,Namonuito^[2]		Severely endangered
Ngatikese Men's Creole language,Ngatikese Men's Creole^[2]		Definitely endangered
Nukuoro language,Nukuoro^[2]	~1,540^[7]	Definitely endangered
Nguluwan language^{[citation needed]}
Paafang language,Paafang,Pááfang^[2]	~1,300^[8]	Severely endangered
Pingelapese language,Pingelapese^[2]	~4,500^[9]	Severely endangered
Puluwat language,Puluwat,Puluwatese^[2]	~1,500^[10]	Severely endangered
Satawal language,Satawal^[2]		Severely endangered
Ulithian language,Ulithian^[2]		Severely endangered
Woleaian language,Woleaian^[2]		Severely endangered

Indonesia

[edit]

Main articles:Languages of Indonesia andList of endangered languages in Indonesia

The UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger lists 88 endangered languages in Indonesia.

Melanesia

[edit]

New Caledonia

[edit]

Main article:Languages of New Caledonia

The following languages of New Caledonia may be considered endangered.

Language	Speakers	Status	Comments	Ref
Arha language^[2]	35	Critically endangered	Arhâ language	(1996 census)
Arho language^[2]	10^[11]	Critically endangered
Caac language^[2]	~1,200^[12]	Vulnerable
Drubea language^[2]		Vulnerable
Fagauvea language (Northern)^[2]		Vulnerable
Fagauvea language (Southern)^[2]		Vulnerable
Fwâi language^[2]		Vulnerable
Jawe language^[2]		Vulnerable
Kumak language^[2]		Vulnerable
Neku language^[2]		Severely endangered
Nemi language^[2]		Definitely endangered
Orowe language^[2]		Definitely endangered
Pije language^[2]		Severely endangered
Pwaamèi language^[2]		Definitely endangered
Pwapwa language^[2]		Severely endangered
Tiri language^[2]		Definitely endangered
Voh-Koné dialects^[2]		Definitely endangered
Xaragure language^[2]		Vulnerable

Papua New Guinea

[edit]

Main articles:Languages of Papua New Guinea andList of endangered languages in Papua New Guinea

Solomon Islands

[edit]

Language	Speakers	Status
Asumboa language^[2]		Severely endangered
Blablanga language^[2]		Definitely endangered
Faghani language^[2]		Vulnerable
Gao language^[2]		Vulnerable
Hoava language^[2]		Vulnerable
Kokota language^[2]		Vulnerable
Lovono language^[2]	4^[13]	Critically endangered
Oroha language^[2]		Severely endangered
Ririo language^[2]		Critically endangered
Savo language^[2]		Definitely endangered
Tanema language^[2]	1^[14]	Critically endangered
Tanimbili language^[2]		Severely endangered
Teanu language^[2]	1000^[15]	Definitely endangered
Zazao language^[2]		Critically endangered

Vanuatu

[edit]

Main article:Languages of Vanuatu

Language	Speakers	Status	Comments	Ref
Amblong language^[2]		Definitely endangered
Araki language^[2]		Critically endangered
Aveteian language^[2]		Critically endangered
Baki language^[2]		Vulnerable
Bangsa language^[2]		Critically endangered
Bierebo language^[2]		Vulnerable
Bieria language^[2]		Critically endangered
Dorig language^[2]		Definitely endangered
Emae language^[2]		Vulnerable
Hiw language^[2]	280	Definitely endangered		(2010 A.François)
Koro language^[2]	250^[16]	Definitely endangered
Labo language^[2]		Vulnerable
Lakon language^[2]	800	Vulnerable
Lehali language^[2]	200	Vulnerable
Lemerig language^[2]	2^[17]	Critically endangered
Lorediakarkar language^[2]		Critically endangered
Löyöp language^[2]	240	Vulnerable	Lehalurup	(2010 A.François)
Mafea language^[2]		Definitely endangered
Malmariv language^[2]		Vulnerable
Matanvat language^[2]		Critically endangered
Mores language^[2]		Severely endangered
Mwesen language^[2]		Critically endangered
Naati language (Näti)^[2]		Critically endangered
Naman language^[2]		Critically endangered
Nasarian language^[18]	5	Critically endangered		(Nasarian at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015))
Navwien language^[2]		Critically endangered
Nisvai language^[2]		Critically endangered
Nivat language^[2]		Critically endangered
Niviar language^[2]		Critically endangered
Olrat language^[2]	0^[19]	Critically endangered	3 speakers in 2003; extinct in 2009.
Polonomombauk language^[2]		Definitely endangered
Repanbitip language^[2]		Definitely endangered
Shark Bay language^[2]		Vulnerable
Ske language^[2]		Severely endangered
Sorsorian language (Sösörian)^[2]		Critically endangered
Tambotalo language^[2]	50	Severely endangered		(1983 SIL)
Tape language^[2]		Critically endangered
Tolomako language^[2]		Definitely endangered
Tutuba language^[2]		Definitely endangered
Umbrul language (Numbuwul)^[2]		Critically endangered
Ura language^[2]	6	Critically endangered		(1998 T Crowley)
Vera'a language^[2]		Definitely endangered
Volow language^[2]		Critically endangered

Palau

[edit]

Language	Speakers	Status	Comments	Ref
Tobian language	22	Critically endangered		(1995 SIL)
Sonsorolese language	600	Severely endangered

Polynesia

[edit]

This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding missing information.(March 2012)

The followingPolynesian languages considered endangered are mostlyPolynesian outliers spoken by tiny minorities.

Language	Speakers	Status	Ethnologue entry (ISO 639-3)^[2]
Rapa language (French Polynesia)^[2]
Rapa Nui language (Chile)^[2]
Niuafo'ou language (Tonga)^[2]
Nukumanu language (Papua New Guinea,Nukumanu Islands)^[2]
Nukuria language (Papua New Guinea)^[2]
Ontong Java language (Solomon Islands)^[2]
Sikaiana language (Solomon Islands)^[2]
Takuu language (Papua New Guinea)^[2]
Tuvaluan language (Tuvalu)^[2]
Anuta language (Solomon Islands)^[2]
Futunan language (Wallis and Futuna)^[2]
Futuna-Aniwa language (Vanuatu)^[2]
Mele-Fila language (Vanuatu)^[2]
Rennell-Bellona language (Solomon Islands)^[2]
Tikopia language (Solomon Islands)^[2]
Vaeakau-Taumako language (Solomon Islands)^[2]
Pukapuka language (Cook Islands)^[2]
Penrhyn language (Cook Islands)^[2]
Tokelauan language (Tokelau)^[2]

Other

[edit]

Language	Location	Status	Comments
Austral language^[2]	French Polynesia	Definitely endangered
Chamorro language^[2]	Guam/Northern Mariana Islands	Vulnerable
Mangareva language^[2]	French Polynesia	Severely endangered
Rakahanga-Manihiki language^[2]	Cook Islands	Definitely endangered
Nauruan language^[2]	Nauru	Severely endangered
Niuean language^[2]	Niue	Definitely endangered	Vagahau Niue
Norfuk language (Norfolk)^[2]	Norfolk Island	Definitely endangered
Norfuk language (Pitcairn)^[2]	Pitcairn	Vulnerable
Penrhyn language^[2]	Cook Islands	Severely endangered
Pukapukan language^[2]	Cook Islands	Definitely endangered
Cook Islands Māori^[2]	Cook Islands	Vulnerable	Rarotongan language
Rotuman language^[2]	Fiji	Vulnerable
Tokelauan language^[2]	Tokelau	Severely endangered
Tuamotuan language^[2]	French Polynesia	Definitely endangered
Tuvaluan language^[2]	Tuvalu	Definitely endangered
Hawaiian language^[2]	Hawai'i	Definitely endangered

References

[edit]

^"2071.0 – Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia – Stories from the Census, 2016".www.abs.gov.au. Archived fromthe original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved12 January 2022.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw ^cx ^cy ^cz ^da ^db ^dc ^dd ^de ^df ^dg ^dh ^di ^dj ^dk ^dl ^dm ^dn ^do ^dp ^dq ^dr ^dsMoseley, Christopher, ed. (2010).Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. Memory of Peoples (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO Publishing.ISBN 978-92-3-104096-2. Retrieved2015-04-11.
^"Kapingamarangi language".www.omniglot.com. Retrieved2025-11-09.
^"Kosraean language and alphabet".www.omniglot.com. Retrieved2025-11-09.
^"Mokilese language and alphabet".www.omniglot.com. Retrieved2025-11-09.
^"Mortlockese language and alphabet".www.omniglot.com. Retrieved2025-11-09.
^"Nukuoro alphabet, pronunciation and language".www.omniglot.com. Retrieved2025-11-09.
^"Pááfang language, alphabet and pronunciation".www.omniglot.com. Retrieved2025-11-09.
^"Pingelapese language, alphabet and pronunciation".www.omniglot.com. Retrieved2025-11-09.
^"Puluwatese language and alphabet".www.omniglot.com. Retrieved2025-11-09.
^"Arhö | Ethnologue Free".Ethnologue (Free All). Archived fromthe original on 2023-03-09. Retrieved2025-11-10.
^"Caac language and alphabet".www.omniglot.com. Retrieved2025-11-09.
^François, Alexandre (2022)."Presentation of the Lovono language (Solomon Islands)".Pangloss Collection. Paris: CNRS. Retrieved9 November 2025.
^François, Alexandre (2022)."Presentation of the Tanema language (Solomon Islands)".Pangloss Collection. Paris: CNRS. Retrieved9 November 2025.
^François, Alexandre (2022)."Presentation of the Teanu language (Solomon Islands)".Pangloss Collection. Paris: CNRS. Retrieved9 November 2025.
^François, Alexandre."Unravelling the History of Oceanic Languages"(PDF). Retrieved9 November 2025.
^François, Alexandre (2022)."Presentation of the Lemerig language (Vanuatu)".Pangloss Collection. Paris: CNRS. Retrieved9 November 2025.
^"Nasarian".Ethnologue. Retrieved2017-05-14.
^François, Alexandre (2022)."Presentation of the Olrat language (Vanuatu)".Pangloss Collection. Paris: CNRS. Retrieved9 November 2025.

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