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Part ofa series on the |
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| Military of the Ottoman Empire |
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Modern army(1861–1922) |
The following is alist of Ottoman sieges and landings from the late 1200s toWorld War I.
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| Event | Date | Who | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| Escaping the Mongol dominanceErtugrul settled his tribe in west-Anatolia | Unknown; Mid-13th century | Ertugrul | Conquering ofMalagina andSogut |
| Due to a series of floods, theSakarya river flooded leaving the Byzantine province ofBithynia defenceless to raids[1] | Possibly 1302 | Osman | Conquest of a wide foothold of small towns |
| Conquest of the island of Kalolimnos (present dayİmralı Island) and the beginning of Ottoman presence in the Sea of Marmara[2] | 1308 | ^ | |
| Conquest ofMudanya by the Ottoman Emirate and the first Ottoman landings inThrace, southeastern Europe[1] | 1321 | ^ | Access to the Marmara sea withMudanya |
| Taking advantage of theByzantine civil war the Ottomans took their time to deplead the Byzantines of their supplies by a decade long siege[1] | 1317 - April 1326 | Orhan andOsman | The conquering ofBursa and the first major city in Ottoman control |
| After an earthquake damaging the Byzantine fortifications Orhan seized the opportunity to create a foothold near theDardenelles[1] | 1327 | Orhan | Conquest of Lopadion (modern dayUlubat) |
| EmperorAndronikos III could not break Orhan's army which was stationened at Pelekanon, leading in Byzantine failure to protect the rest of the Bithynian province[1] | 1328 - 1337 | ^ | Conquest of major cities Nikaia (1331) and Nikomedia (1337) |
| Conquest of the strategic port city and gulf ofGemlik on theMarmara Sea by the Ottoman Emirate[2] | 1333 | ^ | |
| Using the base of Lopadion Orhan launched a series of attacks against theTurkish emirate of Karesi. Resulting in a reliable crossing point from Asia into Europe.[1] | 1345 - 1346 | ^ | Conquest of the modern-dayBalikesir and the Dardanelles. |
| Benefitting from the Byzantine civil wars, earthquakes and tactfully marrying into alliances Suleyman pasha, Orhan's son, would lead Ottoman troops onto European soil. Using the claim of their allyKantakouzenos the Ottomans could raid and conquer, eventually leading to a strong foothold inThrace.[1] | 1346 - 1361 | Orhan andSuleiman pasha | Alliance with Kantakouzenos by marriage (1346), start of war againstJohn V (1352), conquest ofGallipoli (March 1354) and conquest ofDimetoka (1359 or 1361) |
| Conquest ofÜsküdar (formerly Scutari or Chrysopolis) and Kadıköy (formerly Chalcedon) on the Anatolian side of İstanbul, theMarmara Island.[2] | 1352 | ||
| Suleyman pasha, Orhan's son, would conquer the city ofAnkara. Although it is unknown from whom and for how long the Ottomans were able to control the area.[1] | 1354 | Suleiman pasha | Temporary control of the beylik surroundingAnkara. |
| Small Turkic beyliks inAnatolia succumbed to the power of the Ottomans; by political marriages and annexation.[1] | 1362 - 1376 | Murad | Annexation of land up to the city of modern day Antalya (late 1360s) and conquest ofGermiyan andKutahya (1375-1376) |
| First Ottoman landings inAttica,Morea and theAdriatic Sea[2] | 1372 | ||
| First conquests and acquisitions inNorth Macedonia (Battle of Maritsa,Mrnjavčević lands)[2] | 1371 1373 | ||
| Conquest ofMoravian Serbia (Battle of Dubravnica) Siege and conquest ofSofia Siege and conquest ofNiš andPirot (Battle of Pločnik) Siege and conquest ofThessaloniki andMacedonia (Greece)[2] | 1381 1385 1386 1387 | ||
| The biggest remaining rival in Anatolia was found in the Karamanids. To avenge the Ottomans from a previous raid the two regional powers landed in a war leading to a loss of Karaman authonomity. | 1387 | Murad | Vassalization of the Karamanid emirate; Ottomans being the most dominant regional power. |
| Conquest of southern Bosnia and Herzegovina (Battle of Bileća) Conquest of most of the southernBalkans (Battle of Kosovo) including northernBulgaria andWallachia | 1388 1389 | ||
| Landings atChios,Euboea,Attica,Morea | 1390–1391 | ||
| Conquest of northernAlbania and southernMontenegro | 1392 | ||
| Landings atMorea | 1394 | ||
| Ottoman blockade of Constantinople (1394–1402) begins Conquest of Wallachia (Battle of Rovine) | 1394 1395 | ||
| Reconquest of northern Bulgaria (Battle of Nicopolis) Conquest ofAlbania | 1396 | ||
| Conquest of several coastal settlements on theAegean Sea coasts ofGreece and of severalAnatolian beyliks on theBlack Sea coasts ofAnatolia | 1397 | ||
| Landings atThessaly,Morea, Albania andEpirus |
| Event | Date | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Conquest against Mongols (Battle of Ankara) | 1402 | |
| Second Ottoman siege of Constantinople | 1411 | |
| First conquest ofKurvingrad Conquest of several islands in theAegean Sea | 1413 1415–1416 | |
| Conquest of the strategic port ofSamsun in the Black Sea | 1417 | |
| Third Ottoman siege of Constantinople | 1422 | |
| Reconquest of Albania, conquests of several coastal settlements in Morea | 1423 | |
| Ottoman-Venetian War | 1423–1430 | |
| Conquest of the strategic port ofSinop (Sinope) in the Black Sea | 1424 | |
| Conquest ofSmyrna from theAnatolian Beylik of that city | 1426 | |
| Reconquest of Thessalonica | 1422–1430 | |
| Conquest ofIoannina[3] | 1430 | |
| First siege ofBelgrade First siege and conquest ofNovo Brdo (Novo Brdo Fortress)Attempted reconquest of Albania (seeSiege of Krujë (1450)) | 1440 1441-14441448–1450 | |
| Conquest ofArta, in Epirus[4] Second conquest ofKurvingrad | 1449 1451 |
| Event | Date | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Conquest of Constantinople (İstanbul),Imbros (currentlyGökçeada),Lemnos andThasos | 1453 | |
| Landings at the Dodecanese Islands Second Conquest ofNovo Brdo (Novo Brdo Fortress) Second siege ofBelgrade (Siege of Belgrade (1456)) | 1454 1455 1456 | |
| Conquest ofDespotate of the Morea,Serbian Despotate and theDuchy of Athens | 1458 14591460 | |
| Conquest of the Empire of Trebizond and theGenoese colony of Amasra | 1461 | |
| Conquest of the Genoese islands in the northern Aegean Sea, including Lesbos | 1462 | |
| Conquest ofKingdom of Bosnia and the castle ofRiniassa and its dependent region ofPreveza[5] | 1463 | |
| Ottoman-Venetian War | 1463–1479 | |
| Conquest of castles and forts in Albania and failed sieges of Krujë(seeSiege of Krujë (1466) andSiege of Krujë (1467)) | 1466 | |
| Siege of Negroponte (1470) | 1470 | |
| Siege of ShkodërArchived 10 March 2010 at theWayback Machine | 1474 | |
| Conquest of Crimea | 1475 | |
| Conquest of Venetian forts in Albania and secondsiege of Shkodra | 14771478 | |
| Landings at Lepanto in Greece and Veneto in Italy | 14771478 | |
| Conquest ofVonitsa,Lefkas,Cephalonia, andZante[6] | 1463 | |
| First siege and capture of Otranto | 1480 | |
| First siege of Rhodes Conquest ofHerzegovina | 14801481 1482 | |
| Ottoman conquest ofKilia (Kiliya) andAkkerman(Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi) | 1484 | |
| Landings at the Balearic Islands, Corsica and Pisa | 14871490 | |
| Landings at Elche, Almeria, Málaga | 14901495 | |
| Landings at the Gulf of Taranto | 1496 | |
| Conquest ofMontenegro (Zeta under the Crnojevići) | 1496 1499 | |
| Ottoman-Venetian Wars | 14991503 | |
| Battle of Zonchio | 1499 | |
| Landings at Corfu | 1500 | |
| Capture of the Isle of Pianosa | 1501 | |
| Capture of several towns in Sardinia | 1501 | |
| Landings at Piombino | 1501 | |
| Landings at the Balearic Islands and Andalusia | 1501 | |
| Reconquest of Morea | 1503 | |
| Landings at Rhodes, Calabria, Sicily and Andalusia | 1505 | |
| Landings at Sicily | 1506 | |
| Landings at Liguria | 15081509 | |
| Landings at Capo Passero in Sicily | 1510 | |
| Landings at Bougie, Oran and Algiers | 1510 | |
| Landings at Reggio Calabria | 1511 | |
| Conquest ofMoldavia | 1512 | |
| Landings at Andalusia and Minorca | 1512 | |
| Landings at Alicante, Malaga, Cherchell | 15131514 | |
| Capture of Jijel in Algeria and Mahdiya in Tunisia | 1514 | |
| Bombardment of Bougie, landings at Ceuta, Balearic Islands, Sardinia, Sicily | 1514 | |
| Conquest of Syria | 1516 | |
| Conquest of Algeria from Spain | 15161517 | |
| Landings at Elba and Liguria | 1516 | |
| Conquest of Palestine | 1516 | |
| Conquest of Egypt and the end of the Mameluke Empire | 1517 | |
| Landings at Provence, Toulon and the Îles d'Hyères in France | 1519 | |
| Third siege and conquest ofBelgrade (Siege of Belgrade (1521)) Landings at the Balearic Islands | 1521 | |
| Siege of Knin | 1522 | |
| Conquest of Rhodes from the Knights of St. John, who relocate their base first to Sicily and later to Malta | 1522 | |
| Landings at Sardinia | 1525 | |
| Capture of Capo Passero in Sicily | 1526 | |
| Landings at Crotone, Reggio Calabria, Castignano, Capo Spartivento, Messina, Tuscany, Campania | 1526 | |
| Conquest of Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia and Bosnia | 1527 | |
| Landings at Italian and Spanish coastal towns | 1527 | |
| Ottoman-Spanish War near the Isle of Formentera | 1529 | |
| Capture of the Isle of Peñón | 1529 | |
| Landings at Andalusia | 1529 | |
| Capture of the Isle of Cabrera | 1530 | |
| Landings at Sicily, the Balearic Islands, Marseilles, Provence, Liguria, Sardinia, Piombino | 1530 | |
| Landings at the Isle of Favignana, Calabria, Puglia, Tripoli, Spain | 1531 | |
| Landings at Sardinia, Bonifacio, Montecristo, Elba, Lampedusa, Messina, Calabria | 1532 | |
| First conquest of Tunisia from Spain, reconquest of Morea | 1534 | |
| Capture of San Lucido, Cetraro, Capri, Procida, Tunis | 1534 | |
| Landings at Reggio Calabria, Gaeta, Villa Santa Lucia, Sant'Isidoro, Sperlonga, Fondi, Terracina, Ostia, Ponza, Sicily, Sardinia, bombardment of the ports at the Gulf of Naples | 1534 | |
| Recapture of Capri | 1535 | |
| Landings at Spain, the Balearic Islands,Tlemcen | 1535 | |
| Siege of Klis | 1537 | |
| Conquest of the Duchy of Naxos, Syros, Aegina, Ios, Paros, Tinos, Karpathos, Kasos | 1537 | |
| Second siege and capture of Otranto, Castro, Ugento | 1537 | |
| Landings at Calabria and Corfu | 1537 | |
| Battle of Preveza | 1538 | |
| Conquest of Castelnuovo (Herceg Novi) in Dalmatia | 1538 | |
| Conquest of Aden and Yemen from the Portuguese, Jeddah and Hijaz in Arabia | 15381539 | |
| Capture of Diu in India | 1538 | |
| Capture of the Gulf of Preveza, Isle of Lefkada, eastern Adriatic and Aegean islands belonging to the Republic of Venice, Candia in Crete | 1538 | |
| Ottoman-Portuguese Wars in the Indian Ocean | 1538 1566 | |
| Landings at Crete in Greece and Gujarat in India | 1538 | |
| Conquest of Risan, Skiathos, Skyros, Andros and Serifos | 1539 | |
| Reconquest of Castelnuovo | 1539 | |
| Landings at Cattaro and Pesaro, Corfu, Crete | 1539 | |
| Capture of Gozo, Pantelleria, Capraia, conquest of Serbia | 1540 | |
| Landings at Sicily, Corsica, Spain | 1540 | |
| Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet in Algiers | 1541 | |
| Capture ofEsztergom, Hungary | 1543 | |
| Capture of Reggio Calabria, Messina, Nice, Antibes, Île Sainte-Marguerite, Monaco, San Remo, La Turbie | 1543 | |
| Landings at Campania, Lazio, venturing into the Tiber River near Rome | 1543 | |
| Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet in the Tyrrhenian Sea, assault on the Kingdom of Naples | 1544 | |
| Capture of Bonifacio in Corsica, Castiglione della Pescaia, Talamone, Orbetello, Grosseto, Montiano, Porto Ercole, Isle of Giglio, Ischia, Forio, and the Isle of Procida | 1544 | |
| Landings at San Remo, Borghetto Santo Spirito, Ceriale, Vado Ligure, Piombino, Civitavecchia, Sardinia, Gozo, Pozzuoli, Capo Palinuro, Catona, Fiumara, Calanna, Cariati, Lipari | 1544 | |
| Capture of Capraia, Monterosso, Corniglia, Rapallo, Pegli, Levanto | 1545 | |
| Landings at Spain, the Balearic Islands, Sicily, Liguria, Menarola, Riomaggiore, La Spezia | 1545 | |
| Capture of Mahdiya, Sfax, Sousse, Al Munastir in Tunisia; Laigueglia and Andora in Liguria; Gozo in Malta | 1546 | |
| Landings at Liguria, San Lorenzo al Mare | 1546 | |
| Reconquest of Yemen from the Portuguese | 15471548 | |
| Recapture of Gozo in Malta | 1547 | |
| Landings at both islands of Malta, Sicily, Aeolian Islands, Salina Island, Puglia, Salve, Calabria, Corsica | 1547 | |
| Capture of Castellamare di Stabia, Pozzuoli and Procida at the Gulf of Naples | 1548 | |
| Landings at Rapallo, San Fruttuoso, Portofino, San Remo, Corsica, Calabria | 1549 | |
| Recapture of Mahdiya, Sousse, Al Munastir in Tunisia, Rapallo in Liguria | 1550 | |
| Landings at Sardinia, Spain, Corsica, Gozo, Liguria, Mahdiya, Tunis, Djerba | 1550 |
| Event | Date | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Raid on Gozo, capture of Taggia and Riva Brigoso in Liguria | 1551 | |
| Siege of Tripoli (Conquest of Libya from Spain and Malta) | 1551 | |
| Landings at the Adriatic ports, Sicily | 1551 | |
| Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet near Ponza | 1552 | |
| Conquest of Oman, Hormuz and Qatar from the Portuguese | 1552 | |
| Capture of Pantelleria, Ponza, Massa Lubrense, Sorrento, Pozzuoli, Minturno, Nola | 1552 | |
| Landings at Augusta and Licata in Sicily, Taormina, Gulf of Policastro, Palmi, Gulf of Naples, Sardinia, Corsica, Lazio | 1552 | |
| Capture of Crotone and Castello in Calabria; Marciana Marina, Rio and Capoliveri in Elba. Invasion of Corsica (Capture of Bonifacio, Bastia and Calvi). Recapture of Pianosa and Capri. | 1553 | |
| Landings at Sicily, Tavolara, Sardinia, Porto Ercole, Piombino, Portoferraio | 1553 | |
| Capture of Vieste near Foggia; Elba and Corsica | 1554 | |
| Landings at Dalmatia, Dubrovnik, Orbetello and Tuscany | 1554 | |
| Defeat of the Spanish-Italian fleet near Piombino | 1555 | |
| Capture of Paola and Santo Noceto in Calabria, Papulonia in Elba; Bastia in Corsica; Ospedaletti in Liguria | 1555 | |
| Landings at Capo Vaticano, Ceramica, San Lucido in Calabria; Piombino in Elba; Calvi in Corsica; Sardinia; San Remo and Liguria | 1555 | |
| Capture of Bergeggi and San Lorenzo in Liguria; Gafsa in Tunisia | 1556 | |
| Landings at Lampedusa | 1556 | |
| Capture of Cariati in Calabria | 1557 | |
| Landings at the Gulf of Taranto and Puglia | 1557 | |
| Capture of Gharyan, Misratah, Tagiora, Djerba, Reggio Calabria, Aeolian Islands, Massa Lubrense, Cantone, Sorrento, Minorca | 1558 | |
| Landings at the Strait of Messina, Amalfi, Gulf of Salerno, Torre del Greco, Tuscany, Piombino, Spain | 1558 | |
| Battle of Djerba | 1560 | |
| Landings at Stromboli, Gozo, Gulf of Naples | 1561 | |
| Siege of Oran | 1562 | |
| Capture of Granada in Spain; Naples in Italy and the fortresses around the city, Chiaia | 1563 | |
| Landings at Malaga, another siege on Spanish-controlled Oran and Mers-el-Kebir; landings at Liguria, Sardinia, Oristano, Marcellino, Ercolento, Puglia, Abruzzo, San Giovanni near Messina, Capo Passero in Sicily, Gozo in Malta | 1563 | |
| Ottoman expedition to Aceh (Annexation of Aceh in Sumatra, Indonesia, upon request by Sultan Alaaddin of Aceh who declares allegiance to the Ottoman Empire and asks for protection against Portuguese aggression) | 1565 | |
| Siege of Malta (including capture ofFort Saint Elmo and the Bastion of Castille onFort Saint Michael) | 1565 | |
| Siege of Szigetvár | 1566 | |
| Conquest of Chios and the end of Genoese presence in the Aegean | 1566 | |
| Landings at Puglia | 1566 | |
| First Ottoman naval forces are stationed on Aceh in Sumatra, Indonesia | 1569 | |
| Landings at Sumatra in Indonesia | 1569 | |
| Battle of Gozo | 1570 | |
| Conquest of Cyprus from the Republic of Venice, sieges ofNicosia andFamagusta | 1570–1571 | |
| Reconquest of Dalmatia from the Republic of Venice | 1571 | |
| Landings at Corfu | 1571 | |
| Battle of Lepanto | 1571 | |
| Landings at Puglia and Corfu | 1573 | |
| Reconquest of Tunisia from Spain | 1574 | |
| Landings at Morocco | 1574 | |
| Landings at Calabria | 1576 | |
| Defeat of the Portuguese fleet off the coast of Morocco | 1578 | |
| Reconquest of Crimea and parts of Ukraine | 1584 | |
| Capture of Lanzarote of the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean | 1585 | |
| Recapture of Esztergom, Hungary | 1605 | |
| Defeat of the French-Maltese fleet in the Levant | 1609 | |
| Landings at Malta and southern Morea | 1614 | |
| Landings at the shoreline between Cadiz and Lisbon | 1616 | |
| Capture of Madeira in the Atlantic Ocean | 1617 | |
| Landings at Sussex, Plymouth 27 ships were taken away from its port), Devon, Hartland Point, Cornwall and the other counties of western England in August | 1625 | |
| Capture of the Isle ofLundy in the Bristol Channel. Lundy becomes the main base of the Ottoman marine operations in the Atlantic Ocean for the next 5 years | 1627 | |
| Capture of Vestmannaeyjar near Iceland | 1627 | |
| Landings in the Northern Atlantic including the British Isles, Shetland Islands, Faroe Islands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Labrador, Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Newfoundland and Virginia | 16271660 | |
| Landings at Denmark, Norway and Iceland | 1627 | |
| Landings at England, Ireland, Denmark and Iceland | 1631 | |
| Capture ofCounty Cork,Sack of Baltimore in Ireland | 1631 | |
| Reconquest of Azov from the Russians | 1642 | |
| Start of theCretan War: Conquest ofChania in Crete | 1645 | |
| Conquest of Chisamo and Souda in Crete | 1646 | |
| Siege of Candia (Heraklion) in Crete begins | 1648 | |
| Landings at England, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark | 16551660 | |
| Final stage of the Siege of Candia, ends with capture of city. End of the Cretan war. | 1666–1669 | |
| Sieges ofChyhyryn inUkraine | 1677-1678 | |
| Conquest of the castles controlling the Black Sea entrance of the Dnieper River | 1679 | |
| Reconquest ofChios during theSeventh Ottoman–Venetian War (1684–1699) | 1695 |
| Event | Date | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Recapture ofPreveza[7] | 1701 | |
| Ottoman invasion of western Georgia | 1703 | Conquest ofBatumi,Poti, andAnaklia |
| Conquest of Oran, the final Spanish stronghold in Algeria | 1708 | |
| Reconquest of Moldavia and Azov from the Russians | 1711 | |
| Start of the EighthOttoman-Venetian War with the reconquest ofMorea | 1715 | |
| Conquest of Souda in Crete and the island ofTinos in the Cyclades | 1715 | |
| Unsuccessful siege ofCorfu | 1716 | |
| Turkish-Russian War | 1738 | |
| Landings at the entrance of the Dniester River and northern Crimea | 1769 | |
| Reconquest of Morea and Lemnos after theOrlov Revolt | 1770 | |
| Battle of Chios followed byBattle of Chesme | 1770 | |
| Failed landing atKerch against Russian navy | 1774 | |
| Failed landing atKinburn against Russian army | 1787 | |
| Defeat by Russian fleet nearYılan Island and naval skirmishes aroundOchakov | 1788 | |
| Battles with Russian fleet atTendra andKerch | 1791 | |
| Battle with Russian fleet offCape Kaliakra | 1791 | |
| Capture of Corfu from the French by joint Russian-Ottoman fleet | 1799 | Creation ofSeptinsular Republic |
| Reconquest of Egypt | 1801 | |
| Defense of Dardanelles againstBritish andRussians | 1807 | |
| Battle of Athos | 1807 | |
| Reconquest of Medina, Mecca and Hijaz in Arabia | 18121813 | |
| Greek Revolution begins | 1821 | |
| Recapture of Chios from the Greek rebels andmassacre of the population | 1822 | |
| First Siege of Missolonghi | 1822 | |
| Recapture of the island ofPsara from the Greek rebels andmassacre of its population | 1824 | |
| Third Siege of Missolonghi | 1825–1826 | |
| Battle of Navarino | 1827 | |
| Battle of Sinope | 1854 | |
| Defeat of the Russian forces in theCrimean War, led by France, the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Sardinia | 18541856 | |
| Reconquest of the islands controlling the Black Sea entrance of the Danube River | 1857 | |
| Reconquest of Montenegro and Shkodër | 1862 |
| Event | Date | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Battle of Gallipoli | 1915–1916 | Ottoman victory and saving of the capitalConstantinople from invasion |
| Turkish War of Independence | 1919–1923 | Turkish Nationalist victory; theabolition of the Ottoman sultanate (1922) and the formation of theRepublic of Turkey (1923) |