Sultans ofThe Ayyubid Sultanate Sultan on his throne, early 13th century
Details Last monarch Formation 1171 Abolition 1260/1340/1524 Residence
TheAyyubid dynasty ruled many parts of theMiddle East andNorth Africa in the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries. The following is alist of Ayyubid rulers by county/province.
SeeRulers of Islamic Egypt .
# Sultan Start End Title Fate 1 Saladin 10 September 1171 4 March 1193 Sultan Died in office (In 1171, heabolished theFatimid dynasty and realigned the country's allegiance with theAbbasid caliphs) 2 Al-Aziz No picture available 4 March 1193 29 November 1198 Sultan Died 3 Al-Mansur No picture available 29 November 1198 February 1200 Sultan Deposed 4 Al-Adil I February 1200 31 August 1218 Sultan Died 5 Al-Kamil 2 September 1218 8 March 1238 Sultan Died 6 Al-Adil II No picture available 8 March 1238 31 May 1240 Sultan Deposed by his brother and successor Salih 7 As-Salih Ayyub No picture available 1 June 1240 21 November 1249 Sultan Died - Shajar al-Durr 21 November 1249 27 February 1250 Regent Abdicated 8 Turanshah 27 February 1250 2 May 1250 Sultan Assassinated by the Mamluks 9 Al-Ashraf Musa No picture available 1250 1254 Co-sultan with Aybak Dethroned / custody
Family tree of the Ayyubid dynasty (according toStanley-Lane Poole )[ 1] Sultans and Emirs of Damascus [ edit ] SeeRulers of Damascus .
Saladin , 1174–1193Al-Afdal , son of Saladin, 1193–1196Al-Adil I , brother of Saladin, 1196–1218Al-Mu'azzam (Sharaf al-Din) Isa , son of al-Adil I, 1218–1227An-Nasir Dawud , son of al-Mu'azzam Isa, 1227–1229Al-Ashraf Musa , son of al-Adil I, 1229–1237As-Salih Ismail , son of al-Adil I, 1237–1238Al-Kamil , son of al-Adil I, 1238Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II (al-Adil II), son of al-Kamil, 1238–1239As-Salih Ayyub , son of al-Adil I, 1239As-Salih Ismail (second rule), 1239–1245As-Salih Ayyub (second rule), 1245–1249Al-Muazzam Turanshah , son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1249–1250An-Nasir Yusuf , son ofal-Aziz Muhammad , 1250–1260.Takeover byMongols , and thenMamluks following thebattle of Ain Jalut , 1260.
SeeRulers of Aleppo .
Portrait Epithet Name Sultan From Sultan Until Relationship with Predecessor(s) Notes Title Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf I 1183 1193 • Married Mahmud IIIWidow Sultan of Halab Al-Zahir Ghazi 1193 1216 • Son of Salah al-Din Sultan of Halab Al-Aziz Muhammad 1216 1236 • Son of Al-Zahir Ghazi Sultan of Halab Al-Nasir Yusuf II 1236 1260 • Son of Al-Aziz Regency council from 1236 to 1242,de facto regency ofDayfa Khatun [ 2] Also sultan of Damascus Sultan of Halab
Takeover byMongols , and thenMamluks following thebattle of Ain Jalut , 1260.
SeeBaalbek, Middle Ages .
Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muqaddam (non-dynastic, former governor of Damascus), appointed bySaladin , 1175–1178Turan-Shah , brother of Saladin, 1178–1179Farrukh Shah , nephew of Saladin, 1179–1182Bahram Shah , son of Farrukh Shah, 1182–1230Al-Ashraf Musa , son of al-Adil I, 1230–1237As-Salih Ismail , brother of al-Ashraf Musa, 1237–1246Saʿd al-Din al-Humaidi (non-dynastic, appointed by as-Salih Ayyub), 1246–1249Al-Muazzam Turanshah , son of al-Salih Ayyub, 1249–1250An-Nasir Yusuf , as sultan of Aleppo and Damascus, son ofal-Aziz Muhammad , 1250–1260.Takeover byMongols , and thenMamluks following thebattle of Ain Jalut , 1260.
SeeHama, Muslim Rule .
Al-Muzaffar I Umar , son ofNur ad-Din Shahanshah (brother ofSaladin ), 1178–1191Al-Mansur I Muhammad , son of al-Muzaffar Umar, 1191–1221Al-Nasir Kilij Arslan , son of al-Mansur Muhammad, 1221–1229Al-Muzaffar II Mahmud , son of al-Mansur Muhammad, 1229–1244Al-Mansur II Muhammad , son of al-Muzaffar II Mahmud, 1244–1284[Vassals to Mamluk sultans after 1260] Al-Muzaffar III Mahmud , son of al-Mansur II Muhammad, 1284–1299[Ruled by emirs of Mamluk sultanal-Nasir Muhammad , 1299–1310] Abu al-Fida , son of Malik ul-Afdal (brother ofal-Mansur II Muhammad ), 1310–1332Al-Afdal Muhammad , son of Abu al-Fida, 1332–1341.Formal takeover byMamluk sultanate in 1341.
SeeHoms, Seljuk, Ayyubid and Mamluk Rule .
Muhammad ibn Shirkuh , son ofShirkuh (uncle ofSaladin ), 1178–1186Al-Mujahid Shirkuh , son of Muhammad ibn Shirkuh, 1186–1240Al-Mansur Ibrahim , son of al-Mujahid Shirkuh, 1240–1246Al-Ashraf Musa , son of al-Mansur Ibrahim, 1246–1248 (Homs ), 1248–1260 (Tell Bashir )An-Nasir Yusuf , as sultan of Aleppo and Damascus, son ofal-Aziz Muhammad , 1250–1260Al-Ashraf Musa (second rule), 1260–1263.Directly ruled byMamluks under Alam al-Din Sanjar al-Bashqirdi, assigned byBaibars , sultan of Egypt and Syria, from 1263.
Emirs of Hisn Kaifa [ edit ] SeeHisn Kaifa, Ayyubid and Mongols .
As-Salih Ayyub , son ofal-Kamil , 1232–1239Al-Mu'azzam Turanshah , son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1239–1249Muwahhid Taqiyya ad-Din Abdullah , son of al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, 1249–1294Kamil Ahmad I , 1294–1325Adil Mujir ad-Din Muhammad , 1325–1328Adil Shahab ad-Din , 1328–1349 (Meinecke gives this ruler as al-ʿĀdil Ghāzī, 1341–1367)[ 3] Salih Abu-Bakr Khalil I , 1349–1378Adil Fakhr ad-Din Sulayman I , 1378-1432 (Meinecke gives this ruler as al-ʿĀdil Sulaimān, 1377–1424)[ 3] Ashraf Sharaf ad Din , 1432–1433Salih Salah ad-Din , 1433–1452Kamil Ahmad II , 1452–1455Adil Khalif , 1455–1462Salih Khalil II , 1482–1511Adil Sulayman II , 1511–1514Salih Khalil II (second rule), 1514–1520 Malik Hussayn , 1520–1521Adil Sulayman II (second rule), 1521–1524. Takeover by theOttoman Empire in 1524.
Also referred to as governors ofTransjordan .[ 4] Seeal-Karak, Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk Periods .
Taken byMamluks underBaibars , sultan of Egypt and Syria, in 1263.
Emirs of Al-Jazirah [ edit ] SeeUpper Mesopotamia &Al-Jazirah .
Saladin , 1185–1193Al-Adil I , brother of Saladin, 1193–1200Al-Awhad Ayyub , son of al-Adil I, 1200–1210Al-Ashraf Musa , son of al-Adil I, 1210–1220Al-Muzaffar Ghazi , son of al-Adil I, 1220–1244Al-Kamil (II) Muhammad , son of al-Muzaffar Ghazi, 1244–1260.Taken byMongols in 1260.
Emirs of Yemen and Hejaz [ edit ] SeeYemen, Ayyubid Conquest .
Turan-Shah , brother of Saladin, 1173–1181Tughtakin ibn Ayyub , brother of Saladin, 1181–1197Al-Mu'izz Fath ud-Din Isma'il , son of Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, 1197–1202An-Nasir Muhammed ibn Tughtakin ibn Ayyub , son of Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, 1202–1214Al-Muzaffar Sulayman , son of Al-Mansur I Muhammad, 1214–1215Al-Mas'ud Yusuf , son ofAl-Kamil , 1215–1229.Takeover byRasulid dynasty of Yemen in 1229.
SeeBanyas .
^ Lane-Poole, Stanley (1894),"Ayyūbids" ,The Mohammadan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions , Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company, pp. 74– 79,OCLC 1199708 ^ According to Stephen Humphreys,From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193–1260 (State University of New York Press, 1977), p. 229, the council consisted of the emirsShams al-Dīn Luʾluʾ al-Amīnī and ʿIzz al-Dīn ʿUmar ibn Mujallī, thevizier Ibn al-Qifṭī and Dayfa Khatun's representative, Jamāl al-Dawla Iqbāl al-Khātūnī. ^a b Meinecke 1996 , p. 66.^ Wolff, Robert L. and Hazard, H. W.,A History of the Crusades: Volume Two, The Later Crusades 1187-1311 , The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1977, pg. 814 Bosworth, C.E. (1996).The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual . Columbia University Press, pp. 70-75. Humphreys, R.S. (1977).From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193-1260 381– 386.ISBN 0-87395-263-4 Lane-Poole, Stanley (1894),"Ayyūbids" ,The Mohammadan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions , Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company, pp. 74– 79,OCLC 1199708 Meinecke, Michael (1996),"3. Hasankeyf/Ḥiṣn Kaifā on the Tigris: A Regional Center on the Crossroad of Foreign Influences" ,Patterns of Stylistic Changes in Islamic Architecture: Local Traditions Versus Migrating Artists , New York University Press,ISBN 9780814754924
.jpg)
