Part ofa series on African Americans Lifeways Schools Academic study Celebrations Economic class Symbols and ideas
Institutions Theologies Non-Christian groups
Athletic associations and conferences
Dialects and languages
English dialects Languages and other dialects
More than 1,500African-American officeholders served during theReconstruction era (1865–1877) and in the years after Reconstruction beforewhite supremacy ,disenfranchisement , and theDemocratic Party fully reasserted control inSouthern states .[ 1] Canter Brown Jr. noted that in somestates , such asFlorida , the highest number of African Americans were elected or appointed to offices after the end of Reconstruction in 1877. The following is a partial list of African-American officeholders from the end of the Civil War until 1899. Dates listed are the year that a term states or the range of years served if multiple terms.
U.S. House of Representatives [ edit ] Richard H. Cain – South Carolina 1873–1875, 1877–1879 (also South Carolina Senate, House, Constitutional Congress)[ 2] Henry P. Cheatham – North Carolina 1889–1894[ 2] Robert C. De Large – South Carolina 1871–1873 (also South Carolina House, South Carolina Constitutional Convention, and State Land Commissioner)[ 2] Robert B. Elliott – South Carolina 1871–1874 (also South Carolina House, South Carolina Attorney General, South Carolina Constitutional Convention, South Carolina Senate, city council)[ 2] Jeremiah Haralson – Alabama 1875–1877 (also Alabama Senate and Alabama House)[ 2] John Adams Hyman – North Carolina 1875–1877 (also North Carolina Senate and North Carolina Constitutional Convention)[ 2] John Mercer Langston – Virginia 1890–1891 (alsoU.S. Minister to Haiti )[ 2] Jefferson F. Long – Georgia 1871[ 2] John R. Lynch – Mississippi 1873–1877, 1882–1883 (also speaker of the Mississippi House)[ 2] John Willis Menard – Louisiana 1868, elected but not seatedThomas E. Miller – South Carolina September 24, 1890 – March 3, 1891 (also South Carolina Senate, South Carolina House, and South Carolina Constitutional Convention)[ 2] George W. Murray – South Carolina 1893–1897[ 2] Charles E. Nash – Louisiana 1875 –1877[ 2] James E. O'Hara – North Carolina 1883–1887 (also North Carolina House)[ 2] Samuel Peters – Louisiana, 1872 elected but died before being seated[ 3] Joseph H. Rainey – South Carolina 1870–1879 (also South Carolina Senate and South Carolina Constitutional Convention)[ 2] Alonzo J. Ransier – South Carolina 1873–1875 (also South Carolina Lt. Governor and Constitutional Convention)[ 2] James T. Rapier – Alabama 1873–1875 (also Alabama Constitutional Convention)[ 2] Robert Smalls – South Carolina 1875–1879, 1882–1887 (also South Carolina Senate, South Carolina House, and Constitutional Convention)[ 2] Benjamin Sterling Turner – Alabama 1871–1873[ 2] Josiah T. Walls – Florida 1871–1876 (also Florida House, Florida Senate, and Florida Constitutional Convention)[ 2] George Henry White – North Carolina 1897–1901 (also North Carolina House and North Carolina Senate)[ 2] Between 1868 and 1878, more than 100 African Americans served in theAlabama Legislature .[ 4]
Alabama legislators at the capitol in 1872 Alabama House of Representatives [ edit ] Alabama Constitutional Convention [ edit ] Other state offices [ edit ] Granville Bennett – postmaster ofCatherine September 1, 1890 – January 15, 1891[ 11] John P. Billingsley – postmaster ofMarion March 25, 1874 – July 18, 1882[ 11] Charles W. Childs – postmaster ofMarion February 12, 1890 – October 28, 1893[ 11] James F. Childs – postmaster ofMarion July 18, 1882 – December 5, 1885[ 11] Anthony R. Davison – postmaster ofLovan August 1, 1889 – October 28, 1891; March 28, 1890 – April 17, 1893[ 11] John W. Davison – postmaster ofLovan March 25, 1890 – October 28, 1891[ 11] Howell L. Goins – postmaster ofNorthport November 25, 1889 – March 17, 1890[ 11] Rufus L. Gomez – postmaster ofLuverne March 28, 1889 – October 5, 1889[ 11] Jordan Hatcher – postmaster ofCahaba September 7, 1869 – September 26, 1882[ 11] John W. Jones – postmaster ofHayneville June 6, 1882 – October 17, 1887[ 11] Between 1868 and 1893, 85 men noted as "colored " or "mulatto " were elected to the Arkansas legislature.[ 14] [ 15] 1868 Arkansas Constitution that granted them the right to vote and hold office. The Democrats retook control of the state government and instituted the 1874 Constitution. As a result, after 1893, the next African American to serve as an Arkansas state legislator was in 1973.[ 16]
George W. Bell –Desha andChicot counties 1891, 1893Richard A. Dawson –Jefferson County 1873, 1874 (also Arkansas House)William Henry Grey –Phillips County 1875 (also Arkansas House, Arkansas Constitutional Convention, and Arkansas Commissioner of Immigration and State Lands)Samuel H. Holland –Ashley ,Chicot ,Drew , andDesha counties 1873, 1874W. H. Logan –Chicot andDesha counties 1887, 1889James W. Mason –Ashley , Chicot,Drew ,Desha and counties 1868, 1871 (also Arkansas Constitutional Convention, postmaster, and judge)Anthony Stanford –Lee andPhillips counties 1877, 1879James T. White –Phillips andMonroe counties 1871 (also Arkansas House and Arkansas Constitutional Convention)Ruben B. White –Pulaski andWhite counties 1873, 1874John Willis Williams –Phillips County 1874[ 17] Arkansas House of Representatives [ edit ] Benjamin Frank Adair –Pulaski County 1891James M. Alexander –Phillips County 1871 (also justice of the peace)Isaac George Bailey –Desha County 1885Conway Barbour –Lafayette County 1871Austin Barrow –Phillips County 1871[ 18] Peter H. Booth –Jefferson County 1893Levi B. Boston –Jefferson County 1874[ 17] Joseph H. Bradford –Mississippi County 1885Joseph B. Brooks –Lafayette County 1885Cornelius "Neal" Brown –Pulaski County 1873[ 17] Crockett Brown –Lee County 1877Hal B. Burton –Jefferson County 1887John H. Carr –Phillips County 1889–1894Barry Coleman –Phillips County 1874 and 1877William L. Copeland –Crittenden County 1873–1875Lawrence Crute –Chicot County 1873Richard A. Dawson –Jefferson County 1879 (also Arkansas Senate)Sebron Williams Dawson –Jefferson County 1889–1892Jacob N. Donohoo –Phillips County 1877, 1887–1892Anderson Ebberson –Jefferson County 1877, 1881Nathan E. Edwards –Chicot County 1893Edward Allen Fulton –Drew County 1871 (also postmaster)William Hines Furbush –Phillips County 1873,Lee County 1879[ 17] Isaac Gillam –Pulaski County 1879[ 17] Ed Glover –Jefferson County 1885William E. Gray –Pulaski County 1881William Henry Grey –Phillips County 1868 (also Arkansas Senate, Arkansas Constitutional Convention, and Arkansas Commissioner of Immigration and State Lands)Toney Grissom –Phillips County 1873–1875Jeff Haskins –St. Francis County 1871[ 18] [ 17] Ferdinand "Ferd" Havis –Jefferson County 1873Monroe E. Hawkins –Lafayette County 1868, 1873, 1874 (also Arkansas Constitutional Convention)Ned Hill –Jefferson County 1874[ 17] Daniel Hunt –Hempstead County 1868[ 17] William B. Jacko –Jefferson County 1885, 1887Ed Jefferson –Jefferson County 1887, 1889[ 17] Adam R. Johnson –Crittenden County 1871Henry Augustus Johnson –Chicot County 1891John H. Johnson –Woodruff County 1873[ 17] Green Hill Jones –Chicot County 1885, 1889Thomas R. Kersh –Lincoln County 1885, 1887Daniel W. Lewis –Crittenden County 1883[ 17] George W. Lowe –Monroe County 1889–1892John G. Lucas –Jefferson County 1891William A. Marshall –Hempstead County 1873[ 17] L. J. Maxwell –Jefferson County 1874–1875Americus Mayo –Monroe County 1871[ 17] Charles Howard McKay –Jefferson County 1893[ 17] Abraham H. Miller –Phillips County 1874William Murphy –Jefferson County 1873, 1877 (also Arkansas Constitutional Convention)[ 17] Marshall M. Murray –Lafayette County 1883[ 17] Hugh C. Newsome –Chicot County 1887Sandy Shepard Odum –Crittenden County 1887[ 17] William C. Payne –Jefferson County 1879, 1881[ 17] Burns Polk –Lee County 1873[ 17] Carl R. Polk –Jefferson County 1871, 1881 (also a justice of the peace)[ 17] Patrick T. Price –Lee County 1877James A. Robinson –Ashley ,Chicot ,Drew ,Desha counties 1871, 1874[ 15] [ 17] Henry H. Robinson –Phillips County 1873[ 17] John C. Rollins –Ashley ,Chicot ,Drew ,Desha counties 1873Anderson Louis Rush –Pulaski County 1868–1869Granville Ryles –Pulaski County 1883Richard R. Samuels –Hempstead County 1868, 1869 (also Arkansas Constitutional Convention)Francis H. Sawyer –Lincoln County 1877[ 17] Samuel H. Scott –Jefferson County 1885[ 17] Archie Shepperson –Hempstead County 1873Rusty Sherrill –Jefferson County 1883[ 17] George H. W. Stewart –Phillips County 1873[ 17] Green W. Thompson –Pulaski County 1889[ 17] George E. Trower –Conway County 1887G. W. Watson –Crittenden County 1891Blackstone Waterhouse –Jefferson County, Arkansas 1883John W. Webb –Ashley ,Chicot ,Drew ,Desha counties 1871[ 18] Reuben C. Weddington –Desha County 1891Francis "Frank" W. White –Pulaski County 1883[ 17] James T. White –Phillips andMonroe counties 1868–1870 (also Arkansas Senate and Arkansas Constitutional Convention)Henry W./N. Williams –Lincoln County 1889, 1891[ 17] John Willis Williams –Phillips County 1873 (also Arkansas Senate)James Wofford –Crittenden County 1877S. L. Woolfolk –Jefferson County 1891William H. Young –Jefferson County 1871, 1883[ 18] Arkansas Constitutional Convention [ edit ] Other state offices [ edit ] Joseph Carter Corbin – Arkansas Superintendent of Public Schools 1873–1875William Henry Grey – Arkansas Commissioner of Immigration and State Lands (also Arkansas House, Arkansas Senate, and Arkansas Constitutional Convention)James T. White – Arkansas Commissioner of Public Works (also Arkansas House, Arkansas Senate, and Arkansas Constitutional Convention)Elisha Davis – postmaster ofSweet Home November 8, 1881 – May 24, 1893[ 11] Edward Allen Fulton – postmaster ofMonticello March 1, 1871 – March 29, 1874; May 29, 1871 – December 17, 1875 (also Arkansas House)[ 11] Mifflin Wistar Gibbs –American consul toMadagascar 1897 (also judge)William H. Lacy – postmaster ofHarwood Island February 16, 1885 – August 2, 1893[ 11] James W. Mason – postmaster ofSunny Side February 2, 1867 – April 11, 1871 (also Arkansas Senate, probate judge, and sheriff)[ 11] James A. Roper – postmaster ofSurrounded Hill May 9, 1889 – June 22, 1893[ 11] William A. Sloan – postmaster ofRipley July 16, 1891 – April 14, 1894[ 11] Colorado House of Representatives [ edit ] Other state offices [ edit ] William Bradwell –Duval County 1868Henry Wilkins Chandler –Marion County 1880–1888Oliver J. Coleman – 10th District 1874 (also Florida House and county commissioner)[ 19] Harry Cruse – 6th District 1869, 1870 (also Florida House)T. V. Gibbs –Duval County 1881[ 20] Frederick Hill –Gadsden County 1871 (also Florida House, Florida Constitutional Convention, and postmaster)Joseph E. Lee – 18th District/Duval County 1881 (also Florida House and postmaster)[ 20] Thomas Warren Long –Marion County 1873–1879Daniel C. Martin –Alachua County 1885, 1887Robert Meacham – 9th District 1868–1877, 1879 (also Florida Constitutional Convention, clerk of the circuit court, superintendent of common schools, and postmaster)Alfred Brown Osgood – 10th District 1875, 1876 (also Florida House)[ 21] Charles H. Pearce –Leon County 1870–1874 (also Florida Constitutional Convention)[ 21] Washington Pope – 3rd District 1873–1876 (also county commissioner)John E. Proctor –Leon County 1883 (also Florida House)Egbert Sammis –Duval County 1885 (also consul in Stuttgart)Samuel Spearing –Duval County 1874John Wallace –Leon County 1874–1879 (also Florida House and county constable)Josiah T. Walls –Alachua andLevy counties 1869–1871, 1877–1881 (also U.S. Congress, Florida House, and Florida Constitutional Convention)Florida House of Representatives [ edit ] Edward I. Alexander –Madison County 1877, 1879, 1885 (also postmaster)[ 22] Samuel Anderson –Duval County 1887[ 21] Josiah Haynes Armstrong –Columbia County 1871, 1875Henry Black –Jefferson County [ 20] Richard Horatio Black –Alachua County 1869, 1870[ 23] Killis B. Bonner –Marion County 1879William Bradwell –Duval County 1868–1870Richard Lewis Brown Sr. –Duval County 1881, 1883[ 24] James D. Bryant –Monroe County [ 20] Wallace B. Carr –Leon County 1881, 1887 (also Florida Constitutional Convention)[ 20] [ 21] Phillip Carroll –Leon County 1881[ 25] Joseph Newman Clinton –Alachua County 1881–1883George C. Coleman –Nassau County 1881[ 21] Oliver J. Coleman –Madison County 1871, 1872, 1875 (also Florida Senate and county commissioner)[ 19] Singleton Coleman –Marion County 1873Robert Cox –Leon County 1868–1870[ 21] Harry Cruse –Gadsden County 1871–1874, 1877 (also Florida Senate)Peter H. Davidson Sr. , Escambia County 1877Peter H. Davidson Jr. , Escambia County 1887[ 26] Robert H. Dennis –Jackson County 1875Zebulon Elijah –Escambia County 1871–1873 (also postmaster)Auburn H. Erwin –Columbia County 1868–1870 (also Florida Constitutional Convention)[ 21] Lucien Fisher –Leon County 1875John Ford –Leon County [ 20] Emanuel Fortune –Jackson County 1868–1870 (also Florida Constitutional Convention)Samuel W. Frazier –Leon County 1879, 1885, 1887 (also a justice of the peace)Robert Gabriel –Monroe County 1879Theodore Gass –Alachua County 1871–1875Thomas Van Renssalaer Gibbs –Duval County 1884Birch Gibson –Marion County 1872Noah Graham –Leon County 1868–1872Alfred Grant –Duval County 1875, 1877[ 20] [ 21] Henry Harmon –Alachua County 1868–1870Frederick Hill –Gadsden County 1868–1870 (also Florida Senate, Florida Constitutional Convention, and postmaster)David E. Jacobs –Marion County 1887[ 21] Scipio Jasper –Marion County 1872Andrew Jackson Junius –Jefferson County 1879Isaac Jenkins –Leon County 1880–1883Andrew Jackson Junius –Jefferson County 1879Joseph E. Lee –Duval County 1875, 1877, 1879 (also Florida Senate and postmaster)Matthew M. Lewey –Alachua County 1883 (postmaster and mayor)George A. Lewis –Jacksonville County 1889[ 20] [ 21] Robert Livingston –Leon County 1868–1869[ 21] Alfred Brown Osgood –Madison County 1868–1874,1879, 1883, 1885 (also Florida Senate)Samuel Petty –Nassau County 1873 (also Florida Constitutional Convention)Salvador T. Pons George Willis Proctor –Jefferson County 1883[ 20] [ 21] John E. Proctor –Leon County 1873–1875, 1879–1881 (also Florida Senate)I. E. Purcell –Putnam County [ 20] Jesse Robinson –Jackson County 1868–1874[ 21] Riley Edward Robinson –Nassau County 1883, 1885 (also postmaster)William K. Robinson –Jackson County 1872[ 21] Charles Rouse William U. Saunders –Gadsden County (also Florida Constitutional Convention)John R. Scott Sr. –Duval County 1868–1873John R. Scott Jr. –Duval County 1889–1891Charles Shavers –Monroe County 1887[ 20] [ 21] John Simpson –Marion County 1868–1870[ 21] Samuel Small –Marion County 1874William G. Stewart –Leon County 1873[ 20] [ 21] John N. Stokes –Leon County 1874[ 20] [ 21] Benjamin Thompson –Jefferson County 1868–1870[ 21] Charles H. Thompson –Columbia County 1868–1870[ 21] William F. Thompson –Leon County 1877 (also Florida Constitutional Convention).[ 27] Thomas Urquhart –Hamilton County andSuwannee County 1868 (also Florida Constitutional Convention)John Wallace –Leon County 1870, 1872 (also Florida Senate and constable)Josiah T. Walls –Alachua County 1868 (also U.S. Congress, Florida Senate, and Florida Constitutional Convention)George Washington –Alachua County 1874–1876[ 21] Randolph W. Washington –Jefferson County 1885[ 20] [ 21] Richard H. Wells –Leon County 1868–1872 (also Florida Constitutional Convention)[ 21] George Walter Wetmore –Duval County 1883, 1885 Wesley Asbury Wilkinson –Marion County 1881, 1883, 1885[ 20] [ 21] George Washington Witherspoon –Jefferson County 1875John W. Wyatt –Leon County 1870–1874Constitutional conventions [ edit ] During the Florida Constitutional Convention of 1868, 18 of 46 elected delegates were Black. At the 1885 Constitutional Convention, seven of the 63 delegates were Black.[ 28]
Florida Constitutional Convention of 1868 [ edit ] Florida Constitutional Convention of 1885 [ edit ] Other state offices [ edit ] Edward I. Alexander – postmaster of Madison County (also Florida House)[ 22] Joseph E. Clark – postmaster ofEatonville May 25, 1889 – September 7, 1907[ 11] Zebulon Elijah – postmaster ofPensacola January 30, 1874 – February 14, 1878 (also Florida House)[ 11] Thomas S. Harris – postmaster ofLive Oak September 17, 1898 – March 2, 1905[ 11] Fannie A. James – postmaster ofJewell (nowLake Worth ) August 22, 1889 – April 15, 1903[ 11] [ 30] Frederick Hill – postmaster of inQuincy (also Florida House, Florida Senate, Florida Constitutional Convention, and county commissioner)Joseph E. Lee – postmaster of (also Florida House and Florida Senate)[ 20] Matthew M. Lewey – postmaster ofNewnansville February 19, 1874 – February 8, 1875 (also Florida House and mayor)[ 11] Robert Meacham – postmaster ofMonticello February 19, 1869 – March 22, 1871 (also Florida Senate, Florida Constitutional Convention, clerk of the circuit court, and superintendent of common schools)[ 11] Riley Edward Robinson – postmaster ofKings Ferry (also Florida House)Egbert Sammis – consul inStuttgart (also Florida Senate)Emmanuel Smith – postmaster ofApalachicola October 13, 1881 – May 5, 1885[ 11] William G. Stewart – postmaster ofTallahassee March 26, 1873 – July 20, 1885[ 11] In Georgia, 69 African Americans served in the state legislature or as delegates to the state's constitutional convention between 1867 and 1872.[ 32]
Georgia State Senate [ edit ] Georgia House of Representatives [ edit ] Thomas M. Allen –Jasper County 1868, 1870[ 33] [ c] Eli Barnes –Hancock County 1868, 1870[ 33] [ c] Thomas P. Beard –Richmond County 1868, 1870[ 33] [ c] Edwin Belcher –Wilkes County 1868 (also postmaster)James Blue –Glynn County 1871–1877Thomas M. Butler –Camden County 1878[ 33] Tunis Campbell Jr. –McIntosh County 1868, 1870[ 33] [ c] Malcolm Claiborne –Burke County 1868, 1870 (also Georgia Constitutional Convention)[ 33] [ c] Abram Colby –Greene County 1866, 1868, 1870[ 33] [ c] George H. Clower –Monroe County 1868, 1870[ 33] [ c] John T. Costin –Talbot County 1868, 1870[ 33] [ c] Lectured Crawford –McIntosh County 1886–1887, 1890–1891, 1900–1901Madison Davis –Clarke County 1868, 1871 (also postmaster)Monday Floyd –Morgan County 1868, 1870[ 33] [ c] F. H. Fyall –Macon County 1868Samuel Gardner –Warren County 1868, 1870[ 33] [ c] William A. Golden –Liberty County 1868, 1870[ 35] [ 33] [ c] William Guilford –Upson County 1868R. B. Hall –Burke County 1868, 1870[ 33] [ c] William Henry Harrison –Hancock County 1868, 1870 (also Georgia Constitutional Convention)[ 33] [ c] Jack Heard –Greene County 1873[citation needed John M. Holzendorf –Camden County 1890[ 33] Ulysses L. Houston –Bryan County 1868, 1870[ 33] [ c] Philip Joiner –Dougherty County 1868, 1870, 1871 (also Georgia Constitutional Convention)[ 33] [ c] J. A. Lewis –Stewart County 1871[citation needed George Linder –Laurens County 1868, 1870 (also Georgia Constitutional Convention)[ 33] [ c] Robert Lumpkin –Macon County 1868, 1870 (also Georgia Constitutional Convention)[ 33] [ c] H. A. McKay –Liberty County 1900[ 33] Romulus Moore –Columbia County 1868, 1870 (also Georgia Constitutional Convention)[ 33] [ c] Peter O'Neal –Baldwin County 1868, 1870[ 33] [ c] James Ward Porter –Chatham County 1868, 1870, 1871[ 33] [ c] Alfred Richardson –Clarke County 1868, 1870[ 33] [ c] Amos Rogers –McIntosh County 1878A. Simmons –Houston County 1871[citation needed James M. Simms –Chatham County 1868, 1870[ 33] [ c] Abraham Smith –Muscogee County 1868, 1870[ 33] [ c] Alexander Stone –Jefferson County 1868, 1870 (alsoColumbia County )[ 33] [ c] Henry McNeal Turner –Bibb County 1868, 1870, 1871 (also Georgia Constitutional Convention and postmaster)[ 32] [ 33] [ c] John Warren –Glynn County 1868, 1870[ 33] [ c] Samuel Williams –Harris County 1868, 1870 (also Georgia Constitutional Convention)[ 33] [ c] A. Wilson –Camden County 1884[ 33] Hercules Wilson –McIntosh County 1882–1885Georgia Constitutional Convention [ edit ] J. Curt Beall – postmaster ofLa Grange September 6, 1882 – August 6, 1885[ 11] Edwin Belcher – postmaster ofMacon March 22, 1873 – March 23, 1875 (also Georgia House)[ 11] Aaron Alpeoria Bradley – postmaster of inMacon (also Georgia Constitutional Convention and Georgia Senate)[ 32] John H. Clopton – postmaster ofHogansville March 1, 1890 –April 8, 1893[ 11] Madison Davis – postmaster ofAthens February 13, 1882 – June 2, 1890; February 15, 1886 – May 27, 1893 (Georgia House)[ 11] Jacob D. Enos or Enis – postmaster ofValdosta May 4, 1869 – June 8, 1871[ 11] Charles R. Jackson – postmaster ofDarien October 15, 1890 – September 14, 1897; June 19, 1893 – May 18, 1909[ 11] Isaiah H. Loftin – postmaster ofHogansville May 17, 1897 – March 2, 1900[ 11] Monroe B. Morton – postmaster ofAthens July 27, 1897 – February 6, 1902[ 11] Luther J. Price – postmaster of South Atlanta June 18, 1889 – June 21, 1893[ 11] Ellic L. Simon – postmaster of South Atlanta July 2, 1897 – October 31, 1904[ 11] Henry McNeal Turner – postmaster ofMacon May 18, 1869 – August 10, 1869 (also Georgia House and Georgia Constitutional Convention)[ 11] [ d] Illinois House of Representatives [ edit ] Indiana did not have African American legislators until after the Reconstruction era.[ 42]
Indiana House of Representatives [ edit ] James Cantrell – postmaster ofLyles September 12, 1898 – February 12, 1920[ 11] Kansas did not have African American legislators until after the Reconstruction era.[ 42]
Kansas House of Representatives [ edit ] Other state offices [ edit ] Edward P. McCabe – Kansas State Auditor (also county clerk, U.S. Treasury Department clerk, and county treasurer in Oklahoma)Through 1900, 24 African Americans served in theLouisiana Senate during Reconstruction; more than 100 served in theLouisiana House of Representatives .[ 43]
Oscar James Dunn – acting governor May–July 1871[ 44] [ e] P. B. S. Pinchback – acting governor December 1872–January 1873 (also U.S. Senate, Louisiana Lt. Governor, Louisiana Constitutional Convention, and Louisiana Senate)Louisiana lieutenant governor [ edit ] Caesar Antoine – 1873–1877 (also Louisiana Senate and Louisiana Constitutional Convention)Oscar James Dunn – 1868–1871, (also Louisiana Constitutional Convention)P. B. S. Pinchback – 1872 (also U.S. Senate, acting Louisiana Governor, Louisiana Constitutional Convention, and Louisiana Senate)Louisiana State Senate [ edit ] Theophile T. Allain –14th State Senate District /Iberville Parish 1874–1880 (also Louisiana House)[ 45] Caesar Antoine –Caddo Parish 1868–1872 (also Louisiana Lt. Governor and Louisiana Constitutional Convention)Alexander E. Barber –Orleans Parish 1868–1874Raiford Blunt –West Baton Rouge Parish 1872–1875 (also Louisiana House)J. Henry Burch –East Baton Rouge Parish 1872–1880 (also Louisiana House)[ 45] Edward Butler –Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana 1870–1874Thomas Cage –Terrebonne Parish 1872–1884 (also Louisiana House)[ 45] Oscar Crozier –Lafourche Parish , 1874–April 1875James S. Davidson –Iberville Parish 1880–1884[ 45] Henry Demas –St. John the Baptist Parish 1874–1880, 1884–1892 (also Louisiana House)[ 45] Emile Detiège –St. Martin Parish 1876–1878Andrew Dumont –Orleans Parish 1874–1878 (also Louisiana House)[ 45] Alexander R. François –St. Martin Parish 1868–1869John Gair –East Feliciana Parish 1868–1876 (also Louisiana Constitutional Convention)[ 45] Jacques Gla –Carroll andMadison parishes 1872, 1874–1880Robert F. Guichard –St. Bernard Parish 1884–1892 (also Louisiana House and Louisiana Constitutional Convention)George Hamlet –Ouachita Parish 1876–1880[ 45] William Harper –St. Charles Parish 1872–1876James Henry Ingraham –Orleans Parish 1870–1874[ 45] George Y. Kelso –Rapides Parish 1868–1876 (also Louisiana Constitutional Convention)Pierre Caliste Landry –Ascension Parish 1874–1878 (also Louisiana House, postmaster, and mayor)Jules A. Masicot –Orleans Parish 1872–1876 (also Louisiana House and Louisiana Constitutional Convention)[ 45] Julien J. Monette –3rd State Senate District /Orleans andSt. Bernard parishes 1868P. B. S. Pinchback –Orleans Parish 1868–1871 (also U.S. Senate, Louisiana Lt. Governor, acting Louisiana Governor, and Louisiana Constitutional Convention)[ 45] Robert Poindexter –Assumption ,Lafourche andSt. Landry parishes 1868 (also Louisiana House and Louisiana Constitutional Convention)Curtis Pollard –East Carroll Parish 1868–1870, 17th State Senate District 1872–1876 (also Louisiana Constitutional Convention)[ 45] John Randall –Concordia Parish andAvoyelles Parish 1868–1869Fortune Riard –Orleans Parish 1874–1878 (also Louisiana Constitutional Convention)[ 45] Richard Simms –St. James Parish 1880–1892 (also Louisiana House)[ 45] T. B. Stamps –Jefferson Parish 1872–1880 (also Louisiana House and Louisiana Constitutional Convention)[ 45] Jordan R. Stewart –9th State Senate District /Terrebonne Parish 1880–1888 (also Louisiana House and Louisiana Constitutional Convention)[ 45] Isaac Sutton –St Mary Parish 1876–1889 (also Louisiana House)Simon Toby –Orleans Parish 1884–1888[ 45] Samuel Wakefield –Iberia Parish 1877–1879David Young –Concordia Parish 1874–1878 (also Louisiana House)Louisiana House of Representatives [ edit ] Canon J. Adolphe –Orleans Parish 1869–1872[ 46] Frank Alexander –New Orleans 1868Theophile T. Allain –Iberville Parish 1872, 1879–1888 (also Louisiana Senate)[ 45] Arthur Antoine –St. Mary Parish 1872Felix C. Antoine –Orleans Parish 1870–1876[ 45] Raiford Blunt –West Baton Rouge Parish /Natchitoches Parish 1868–1872 (also Louisiana Senate)[ 45] Charles A. Bourgoise –St. Charles Parish 1878–1896[ 45] R. J. Brooks –St. Mary Parish 1876–1880[ 45] Charles F. Brown –Jefferson Parish 1880–1884[ 45] J. Henry Burch –East Baton Rouge Parish 1879 (also Louisiana Senate)Thornton Butler –Orleans Parish 1876–1880Thomas Cage –Terrebonne Parish 1884–1888 (also Louisiana Senate)Henry C. W. CasaCalvo –East Baton Rouge Parish 1892–1896[ 45] John Cayolle –St. John the Baptist Parish 1880-1888[ 45] Royal Coleman –Terrebonne Parish 1878–1884[ 45] Lucien Comaux –Iberville Parish 1880–1884[ 45] Joseph Connaughton –Rapides Parish 1872–1875J. A. Crawford –Franklin Parish 1870–1874[ 45] William Crawford –Union Parish 1870[ 45] P. Darinsburg –Pointe Coupee Parish 1870[ 45] James S. Davidson –Iberville Parish 1871–1880, 1884–1896[ 46] Aristede Dejoie –Orleans Parish 1870–1874, 1877[ 45] Henry Demas –St. John the Baptist Parish 1870–1874, 1879 (also Louisiana Senate)Vincent Dickerson –St. James Parish 1884–1892[ 45] N. Douglass –Assumption Parish 1868–1870[ 46] Rosario Ducoté –Avoyelles Parish 1878–1888[ 45] Andrew Dumont –Orleans Parish 1868–1876[ 45] Ulgar Dupart –Terrebonne Parish 1868 (also Louisiana Constitutional Convention)Benjamin B. Ewell –Assumption Parish 1884–1888[ 45] [ 46] John B. Esnard –St. Mary Parish 1868–70[ 47] Victor Fauria –St. Tammany Parish 1892–1896[ 45] T. H. Francois –Jefferson Parish 1868–1872[ 45] John Gair –East Feliciana Parish 1868, 1872Bivien Gardner –Assumption Parish 1880–1884[ 45] R. G. Gardner –Jefferson Parish 1870[ 45] William C. Gary –St. Mary Parish 1876–1880[ 45] Robert F. Guichard –St. Bernard Parish 1872 (also Louisiana Senate and Louisiana Constitutional Convention)William Harper –Caddo Parish 1870Governor Hawkins –Madison Parish 1884–1888[ 45] Gloster H. Hill –Ascension Parish 1868–1870, 1874–1880[ 45] [ 46] Moses R. Hite –Assumption Parish 1879[ 46] Robert Isabelle –Orleans Parish 1868–1876[ 45] W. W. Johnson –Madison County 1884–1888[ 45] H. S. Jones –Iberville Parish 1880–1884[ 45] Milton Jones –Pointe Coupee Parish 1876[ 45] R. M. J. Kenner –New Orleans 1870[ 48] Pierre Caliste Landry –Ascension Parish 1872–1873, 1880–1884[ 46] [ 45] Charles Leroy –Natchitoches Parish 1868Wash Lyons –Terrebonne Parish 1876–1880[ 45] Harry Mahoney –Plaquemine Parish 1872–1884[ 45] Joseph Mansion –Orleans Parish 1868[ 45] Louis A. Martinet –St. Mary Parish 1872–1875Jules A. Masicot –Orleans Parish 1868–1872 (also Louisiana Senate and Louisiana Constitutional Convention)[ 45] W. E. McCarthy –Orleans Parish 1868–1872[ 45] J. Monroe – 1868, 1870, 1872[ 45] John J. Moore –St. Mary Parish 1870[ 45] Milton Morris –Ascension Parish 1868–1873[ 46] Thomas Murray –Orleans Parish 1870[ 45] William Murrell –Lafourche Parish 1868–1878[ 45] William Murrell Jr. –Madison Parish 1872–1876, 1878–1880 (also Louisiana Constitutional Convention)Anthony Overton, Sr. –Ouachita Parish 1870[ 45] John F. Patty –St. Mary Parish 1884–1888[ 45] Robert Poindexter –Assumption Parish 1874–April 1875[ 46] Isham Pollard –Terrebonne Parish 1878[ 45] W. S. Posey –St. Mary Parish 1884–1884[ 45] Robert R. Ray –East Feliciana Parish 1874Harry Rey –Natchitoches Parish 1868[ 45] Victor Rochon –St. Mary Parish 1872 – April 1875, 1884–1888Cain Sartain –East Carroll Parish 1870–1876Richard Simms –St. Landry Parish 1872–1874 (also Louisiana Senate)[ 45] Charles Smith –Terrebonne Parish 1880–1884[ 45] W. B. Smith –St. Mary Parish 1878[ 45] Louis Snaer –Orleans Parish 1872–1876 (also Louisiana Constitutional Convention)[ 45] T. B. Stamps –Jefferson Parish 1870 (also Louisiana Senate and Louisiana Constitutional Convention)Moses Sterrett , Caddo Parish 1870[ 49] [ 50] Jordan R. Stewart –Tensas Parish 1872–1876 (also Louisiana Senate and Louisiana Constitutional Convention)Isaac Sutton –St Mary Parish 1872–1876 (also Louisiana Senate)Robert J. Taylor –West Feliciana Parish 1868George Washington –Concordia Parish 1870–1874, 1877Henry George Washington –Assumption Parish 1868–1871[ 46] Enos Williams –Terrebonne Parish 1876–1884[ 45] Henderson Williams –Madison Parish 1868, 1870 (also Louisiana Constitutional Convention)W. C. Williams –East Feliciana Parish 1868, 1870[ 48] [ 45] Frederick B. Wright –Terrebonne Parish 1874–1878[ 45] David Young –Concordia Parish 1868–1874, 1880–1884 (also Louisiana Senate)African American delegates to the Louisiana Constitutional Convention 1868 Louisiana Constitutional Convention [ edit ] Other state offices [ edit ] Henry Bloch – postmaster ofOpelousas March 26, 1891 – September 7, 1891[ 11] Samuel E. Cuny or Cuney – postmaster ofColfax March 15, 1872 – April 1873[ 11] Abraham Davis – postmaster ofFranklin June 3, 1872 – March 21, 1881; January 17, 1880 – April 11, 1887[ 11] Timothy Davis – postmaster ofPattersonville (becamePatterson in 1887) May 3, 1882 – December 30, 1892[ 11] Anna M. Dumas – postmaster ofCovington November 15, 1872 – June 18, 1885[ 11] Pierre Caliste Landry – postmaster ofDonaldsonville March 3, 1871 – May 25, 1875 (also Louisiana House, Louisiana Senate, mayor)[ 11] Charles Leroy – postmaster ofNatchitoches April 29, 1869 – September 18, 1872[ 11] Friday N. Porter Jr. – postmaster ofPearl River (becamePearlville in 1888) October 6, 1875 – May 6, 1893[ 11] Charles W. Ringgold – postmaster ofNew Orleans March 1, 1873 – April 6, 1875[ 11] James H. Stephens – postmaster ofSaint Francisville April 1, 1872 – December 8, 1879[ 11] John A. Washington – postmaster ofVidalia October 20, 1873 – May 15, 1876[ 11] Massachusetts House of Representatives [ edit ] Michigan House of Representatives [ edit ] Other state offices [ edit ] Minnesota did not have any African American legislators until after the Reconstruction era.[ 42]
Minnesota House of Representatives [ edit ] TheMississippi Plan was part of an organized campaign of terror and violence used by the Democratic Party andKu Klux Klan to disenfranchise African Americans in Mississippi, block them from holding office, end Reconstruction, and restore white supremacy in the state. Nevertheless, many African Americans served in its legislature, and Mississippi was the only state that elected African-American candidates to the U.S. Senate during the Reconstruction era: A total of 37 African Americans served in the state Senate and 117 served in the state House.[ 61] [ 62]
Mississippi Lieutenant Governor [ edit ] Mississippi Secretary of State [ edit ] Photo composite of Mississippi state legislators in 1874 byE. von Seutter Mississippi State Senate [ edit ] Mississippi House of Representatives [ edit ] William H. Allen –Coahoma County 1884–1887L. K. Altwood –Hinds County 1880, 1884Peter Barnabas Barrow –Warren County 1870–1871 (also Mississippi Senate)Monroe Bell –Hinds County 1872[ 61] [ 62] Stephen Blackwell –Issaquena County 1882–1889Jesse Freeman Boulden –Lowndes County 1870Countelow M. Bowles –Bolivar County 1870 (also Mississippi Senate)George F. Bowles –Adams County 1881–1894Anderson Boyd –Oktibbeha County 1874George W. Boyd –Warren County 1874Walter Boyd –Yazoo County 1874Arthur Brooks –Monroe County 1872[ 62] Frank P. Brooks –Sharkey County 1866George P. A. Brown –Tunica County 1875[ 62] Orange Brunt –Panola County 1874Joseph Henry Bufford –Bolivar County 1880Charles W. Bush –Warren County 1872[ 62] George William Butler –Sharkey County 1884–1894J. Wesley Caradine –Clay County 1874Hannibal C. Carter –Warren County 1872, 1876 (alsoMississippi Secretary of State )James Cessor –Jefferson County 1872–1877George Charles –Lawrence County 1870[ 61] [ 62] George Washington Chavis –Warren County 1874Benjamin Chiles –Oktibbeha County 1874–1878Richard Christmas –Copiah County 1874Charles P. Clemens –Clarke County 1874Milton Coates –Warren County 1882–1885John Cocke –Panola County 1872Felix L. Cory –Adams County 1884–1886Thomas A. Cotton –Noxubee County 1874Henry Craytin –Yazoo County 1880[ 62] Robert Cunningham –Marshall County 1878[ 62] Alexander Kelso Davis –Noxubee County 1870–1873 (also Lieutenant Governor)Willis Davis –Noxubee County 1874–1876James M. Dickson –Yazoo County 1872George Edwards –Madison County 1878[ 62] Weldon W. Edwards –Warren County 1874–1877, 1882Alfred Fields –Panola County 1880Samuel Fitzhugh –Wilkinson County 1874–1876Hugh M. Foley –Wilkinson County 1870, 1873[ 61] [ 62] William Henderson Foote –Yazoo County 1870[ 62] George Washington Gayles –Bolivar County 1872–1875 (also Mississippi Senate)J. H. Glenn –Lowndes County 1874[ 62] George Caldwell Granberry –Hinds County 1882David S. Green –Grenada County 1872–1875Richard Griggs –Issaquena County 1870, 1872 (also Commissioner of Agriculture & Immigration)Alfred Newton Handy –Madison County 1870–1875Emanuel Handy –Copiah County 1870–1873John F. Harris –Washington County 1890W. H. Harris –Washington County 1874, 1888Henry H. Harrison –Chickasaw County 1874Charles P. Head –Warren County 1870[ 61] [ 62] William W. Hence –Adams County 1880[ 62] Ambrose Henderson –Chickasaw County 1870John Franklin Henry –Madison County 1884Weldon Hicks –Hinds County 1874, 1878Wilson Hicks –Rankin County 1874David Higgins –Oktibbeha County 1870James Hill –Marshall County 1872 (alsoSecretary of State of Mississippi )William Holmes –Monroe County 1870–1873[ 61] [ 62] D. H. Hopson –Coahoma County 1888Gilbert Horton –Washington County 1884Russell Walker Houston –Issaquena County 1872Merrimon Howard –Jefferson County 1870 (also sheriff)Perry Howard –Holmes County 1872–1875George W. Huntley –Bolivar County 1888Henry L. Jackson –Rankin County 1888Henry P. Jacobs –Adams County 1870, 1872David Jenkins – Madison County 1876Albert Johnson –Warren County 1870–1876J. H. Johnson –DeSoto County 1872–1875John Johnson –Madison County 1886–1887[ 62] William Johnson –Hinds County 1872Cornelius J. Jones –Issaquena County 1890William H. Jones –Issaquena County 1874–1877Reuben Kendrick –Amite County 1872–1875William Landers –Jefferson County 1872–1876Matthew Levy –Madison County 1882Samuel W. Lewis –Madison County 1884William Lucius Lowe –Bolivar County 1886[ 62] John R. Lynch –Adams County 1872, 1874; Speaker of the House 1872–1873 (also U.S. Congress)William H. Lynch –Adams County 1874–1877, 1882–1889William H. Mallory –Warren County 1872,LeFlore County andSunflower County 1875James G. Marshall –Holmes County 1878Daniel T. J. Mathews –Panola County 1874Henry Mayson –Hinds County 1870 (also Mississippi Constitutional Convention)Thomas McCain –DeSoto County 1872–1875J. W. McFarland –Rankin County 1874Murdock M. McLeod –Hinds County 1884 (also Mississippi of Secretary State)Marshall McNeese –Noxubee County 1870, 1874–1877Cicero Mitchell –Holmes County 1870, 1878Peter Mitchell –Washington County 1882, 1886[ 62] Joseph E. Monroe –Coahoma County 1874–1877James Aaron Moore –Lauderdale County 1870 (also Mississippi Constitutional Convention)L. C. Moore –Bolivar County 1890[ 62] Lemuel C. Moore –Issaquena County 1880, 1884[ 62] John H. Morgan –Washington County 1870–1875George G. Moseley –Hinds County 1874Cato Nathan –Monroe County 1874Randle Nettles –Oktibbeha County 1870–1873Matthew T. Newsom –Claiborne County 1870 (also Mississippi Constitutional Convention)C. F. Norris –Hinds County 1870[ 61] [ 62] George H. Oliver –Coahoma County 1890[ 62] Lawrence W. Overton –Noxubee County 1876Jones R. Parker –Washington County 1884James G. Patterson –Yazoo County 1874Alfred Peal –Marshall County 1874Perry Peyton –Bolivar County 1884James H. Piles –Panola County 1870–1875 (also Assistant Secretary of State)Albert B. Poston –Panola County 1882J. W. Randolph –Sunflower County andLeflore County 1874Charles Reese –Hinds County 1872Elzy Richards –Lowndes County 1872–1875Samuel Riley –Wilkinson County 1876William M. Robinson –Hinds County 1884A. A. Rogers –Marshall County 1874Jacob Allen Ross –Washington County 1871[ 62] Samuel A. Sanderlin –Washington andIssaquena counties 1876[ 62] Edmund Scarborough –Holmes County, Mississippi 1870Henry P. Scott –Issaquena County 1878Gray Selby –Marshall County 1880Josiah T. Settle –Panola County 1883Isaac Shadd –Warren County 1872–1876, Speaker of the House 1874–1875James A. Shorter Jr. –Hinds County 1882James S. Simmons –Issaquena County andWashington County 1874, 1883Adam D. Simpson –Madison County 1877[ 62] Gilbert C. Smith –Tunica County 1872–1875, 1884Haskin Smith –Claiborne County 1872–1876Joseph Smothers –Claiborne County 1872–1875James J. Spelman –Madison County 1869–1875 (also a justice of the peace)Frederick Stewart –Holmes County 1872[ 62] Isham Stewart –Noxubee County 1870–1873 (also Mississippi Senate and Mississippi Constitutional Convention)Doctor Stites –Washington County 1870Thomas Sykes –Panola County 1872Robert Thompson –Lowndes County 1874Harrison Truhart –Holmes County 1872–1875Guilford Vaughan –Panola County 1876F. Dora Wade –Yazoo County 1872Jefferson Cobb Walker –Monroe County 1874George Washington –Carroll County 1874George R. Washington –Adams County 1878[ 62] Tenant Weatherly –Holmes County 1874, 1880John D. Webster –Washington County 1872Eugene Welborne –Hinds County 1874George White –Chickasaw County 1874George W. White –Wilkinson County 1870–1873 (also Mississippi Senate)Ralph Williams –Marshall County 1873–1875Michael Wilson –Marion County 1870[ 62] Charles A. Yancy –Panola County 1870 (died before being seated)[ 61] [ 62] James B. Young –Washington County 1877[ 62] James M. Young –Panola County 1878Mississippi Constitutional Convention [ edit ] Other state offices [ edit ] Daniel W. Ambrose – postmaster ofPickens January 19, 1898 – May 11, 1898[ 11] Henry Blackman – postmaster ofBrookhaven May 13, 1873 – November 13, 1876[ 11] Benjamin G. Boothe – postmaster ofWater Valley July 5, 1884 – December 5, 1885[ 11] Franklin P. Brinson – postmaster ofDuncansby September 20, 1897 – May 25, 1905[ 11] Jenkins Cook – postmaster ofDry Grove February 1, 1898 – April 16, 1902[ 11] Minnie M. Cox – postmaster ofIndianola January 16, 1891 – May 22, 1897; April 17, 1893 – February 2, 1904[ 11] Robert W. Fitzhugh – postmaster ofNatchez January 19, 1876 – October 10, 1883[ 11] Joseph Graves – postmaster ofPearlington March 7, 1883 – April 16, 1889; August 20, 1885 – May 9, 1894[ 11] Edward Hill – postmaster ofRaymond June 6, 1870 – May 26, 1874[ 11] James Hill – postmaster ofVicksburg April 2, 1891 – April 15, 1893[ 11] A. D. Jones – postmaster ofCorinth February 25, 1871 – March 6, 1874[ 11] Thomas I. Keys – postmaster ofOcean Springs August 4, 1897 – March 3, 1911[ 11] Elias W. Matthews – postmaster ofBatesville April 25, 1882 – March 7, 1883[ 11] William McCary – postmaster ofNatchez October 10, 1883 – August 6, 1885[ 11] Benjamin F. Mitchell – postmaster ofGreenwood July 23, 1873 – October 27, 1875[ 11] Isaiah T. Montgomery – postmaster ofMound Bayou June 12, 1888 – March 14, 1894[ 11] Joshua P. T. Montgomery – postmaster ofMound Bayou March 14, 1894 – May 2, 1895[ 11] Mary V. Montgomery – postmaster ofMound Bayou May 2, 1895 – September 27, 1902[ 11] William Thornton Montgomery – postmaster ofHurricane May 6, 1867 – September 14, 1880[ 11] Ellis E. Perkins – postmaster ofEdwards May 12, 1898 – February 15, 1910[ 11] Louis J. Piernas – postmaster ofBay St. Louis April 18, 1889 – May 27, 1898; May 5, 1894 – March 3, 1911[ 11] Thomas Richardson – postmaster ofPort Gibson September 28, 1870 – October 6, 1876; February 27, 1890 – February 26, 1875; May 11, 1885 – March 14, 1894[ 11] Robert Steward – postmaster ofMacon March 11, 1875 – May 16, 1881[ 11] Henry K. Thomas – postmaster ofBovina June 1, 1877 –December 5, 1882[ 11] Robert H. Wood – postmaster ofNatchez March 17, 1873 – April 16, 1876 (also mayor)[ 11] Nebraska House of Representatives [ edit ] North Carolina Senate [ edit ] Isaac Alston – 19th District/Warren County 1879, 1881John R. Bryant – 5th District/Halifax County 1866, 1874, 1876 (also North Carolina House)[ 65] [ 66] Wilson Carey –Caswell County 1870 (also North Carolina House)[ 67] Hawkins W. Carter –Warren County 1881, 1883[ 68] [ 67] Franklin D. Dancy –Edgecombe County 1879–1880[ 69] Henry Eppes – 7th District/Halifax County 1868–1874, 1879, 1887 (also N.C. Constitutional Convention)[ 70] [ 65] Thomas O. Fuller –Warren County 1899–1900[ 69] Abraham Galloway – 13th District/New Hanover County 1868 (N.C. Constitutional Convention)[ 65] Robert Gray – 5th District/Edgecombe County 1833 (also North Caroline House)[ 65] [ 67] James Harris – 18th District/Wake County 1872 (also North Carolina House and N.C. Constitutional Convention)[ 71] [ 67] William B. Henderson –Vance County 1897–1898[ 69] Hanson T. Hughes – 21st District/Granville County 1866, 1876 (also North Carolina House)John Adams Hyman – 20th District/Warren County 1868–1871, 19th District/Warren County 1872 (also U.S. Congress and N.C. Constitutional Convention)[ 65] George Lawrence Mabson – 5th District/Edgecombe County 1866, 1872–1877 (also North Carolina House and N.C. Constitutional Convention)[ 65] George Mebane –Bertie andNorthampton counties 1866, 1876, 1883[ 68] [ 67] Jacob H. Montgomery – (also North Carolina House)[ 68] William H. Moore – 12th District/New Hanover County 1876 (also North Carolina House)[ 67] John M. Paschall – 19th District/Warren County 1874[ 67] George W. Price Jr. – 13th District/New Hanover County 1870 (also North Carolina House)[ 65] R. S. Taylor – 5th District/Edgecombe County 1885, 1887[ 67] Richard Tucker – 8th District/Craven County 1874[ 67] George L. Mabson –New Hanover County 1872–1874George Henry White – 8th District/Craven County 1885 (also North Carolina House and U.S. Congress)[ 66] North Carolina House of Representatives [ edit ] Israel Abbott –Craven County 1872[ 71] [ 66] Isaac Alston –Warren County 1879, 1890[ 66] Wiley Baker –Northampton County 1883[ 68] [ 67] B. W. Battle – Edgecombe County 1879[ 66] William Belcher –Edgecombe County 1883[ 68] W. Henry Brewington –New Hanover County 1874[ 66] [ 67] Aaron R. Bridgers –Edgecombe County 1883[ 68] [ 66] John R. Bryant –Halifax County 1870, 1872 (also North Carolina Senate)[ 65] [ 66] Willis Bunn –Edgecombe County 1870–1877[ 65] [ 66] [ 67] Wilson Carey –Craven County 1868, 1874, 1876, 1879, 1889 (also North Carolina Senate)[ 65] [ 72] [ 66] Hawkins W. Carter –Warren County 1879[ 66] William Cawthorne –Warren County 1870[ 66] [ 67] Henry C. Cherry –Edgecombe County 1868 (also N.C. Constitutional Convention)[ 66] [ 67] L. T. Christmas –Warren County 1879[ 66] Hugh Cole –Pasquotank County 1879[ 66] J. A. Crawford –Granville County 1868, 1870[ 66] [ 67] C. W. Crews –Granville County 1874, 1876[ 66] [ 67] H. W. Crews –Person County 1893[ 66] Edward R. Dudley –Craven County 1870, 1872[ 65] [ 66] Harry B. Eaton –Warren andVance counties 1883, 1885[ 68] [ 65] James Youman Eaton –Vance County 1899[ 66] Richard Elliott –Chowan County 1874[ 66] [ 67] Stewart Ellison –Wake County 1870, 1872, 1879[ 65] [ 73] [ 66] Richard Faulkner –Warren County 1868, 1870[ 66] [ 67] Robert Fletcher –Richmond County 1870–1874[ 66] [ 74] John R. Good –Craven County 1874[ 66] [ 67] John S. W. Eagles –New Hanover County 1869–70[ 67] Eustace Edward Green –New Hanover County 1882[ 68] Robert Gray –Edgecombe County 1883 (also North Carolina Senate)[ 65] [ 66] James Harris –Wake County 1868, 1883, 1895, 1897 (also North Carolina Senate and N.C. Constitutional Convention)[ 71] [ 66] H. T. J. Hayes –Halifax County 1868 (also N.C. Constitutional Convention)[ 66] Hilliard J. Hewlin – 1883[ 68] Alexander Hicks –Washington County 1881[ 66] Edward H. Hill –Craven County 1874[ 66] [ 67] J. C. Hill –New Hanover County 1876[ 66] [ 67] Valentine Howell –New Hanover County 1887[ 66] George W. Howell –Caswell County 1874[ 66] Hanson T. Hughes –Granville County 1866, 1872, 1874 (also North Carolina Senate)[ 66] John E. Hussey –Craven County 1885, 1887, 1889[ 66] [ 67] Ivey Hutchings –Halifax County 1868[ 66] [ 67] R. M. Johnson –Edgecombe County 1870[ 66] [ 67] William H. Johnson – 1883[ 68] J. A. Jones –Halifax County 1874[ 66] [ 67] George H. King –Warren County 1872[ 66] John Sinclair Leary –Cumberland County 1868, 1870[ 66] Bryant Lee –Bertie County 1868[ 66] Alfred Lloyd –New Hanover County 1872, 1874;Pender County 1876[ 66] George Lawrence Mabson –New Hanover County 1870 (also North Carolina Senate)[ 65] [ 66] Cuffee Mayo –Granville County 1868[ 66] [ 67] William McLaurin –New Hanover County 1872[ 66] William P. Mabson –Edgecombe County 1872 (also North Carolina Senate and N.C. Constitutional Convention)George Mebane –New Hanover County 1868[ 66] Jacob H. Montgomery –Warren County 1883 (also North Carolina Senate)[ 68] William H. Moore –New Hanover County 1874 (also North Carolina Senate)[ 66] Wilson W. Morgan orWillis Morgan –Wake County 1870[ 66] [ 67] B. T. Morris orB. W. Morris –Craven County 1868[ 65] [ 66] Noah R. Newby – 1883[ 68] John J. Newell –Bladen County 1874, 1879, 1881[ 68] [ 66] W. D. Newsome –Hertford County 1870[ 65] [ 66] [ 67] James E. O'Hara –Halifax County 1868 (also U.S. Congress and N.C. Constitutional Convention)John R. Page –Chowan County 1870[ 66] [ 67] John W. H. Paschall –Warren County 1872 (also North Carolina Senate)[ 67] Moses M. Peace –Vance County 1895, 1897[ 66] Willis D. Pettipher or Pettiford –Craven County 1879[ 66] [ 67] James M. Pittman – 1883[ 68] James W. Poe –Caswell County 1883[ 68] [ 66] [ 67] George W. Price Jr. –New Hanover County 1868, 1870 (also North Carolina Senate)[ 66] W. H. Reavis –Granville County 1870[ 66] [ 67] John T. Reynolds –Halifax County 1879[ 65] [ 66] Augustus Robbins –Bertie County 1879, 1881[ 75] [ 67] Parker David Robbins –Bertie County 1868, 1870 (also North Carolina Constitutional Convention and postmaster)[ 76] [ 75] Limas Roulhac –Bertie County 1885Isaac H. Smith – Craven County 1899[ 66] [ 67] Turner R. Speller –Bertie County 1883, 1887, 1889[ 68] A. W. Stevens –Craven County 1868[ 66] Isham Sweat –Cumberland County 1868[ 65] [ 66] Edward H. Sutton –Chowan County 1883[ 68] Thomas A. Sykes –Pasquotank County 1868–1872 (alsoTennessee House )[ 66] [ 65] Bryant W. Thorpe –Edgecombe County 1885[ 66] [ 67] Richard Tucker –Craven County 1870[ 66] William Henry Waddell –New Hanover County 1879, 1883[ 68] [ 66] James M. Watson –Vance County 1887, 1893[ 66] George Henry White –Craven County 1879, 1881 (also North Carolina Senate and U.S. Congress)[ 66] John A. White –Halifax County 1874, 1876, 1879, 1887[ 66] [ 67] John H. Williamson –Franklin County 1866–1888 (also North Carolina Constitutional Convention)[ 65] [ 66] George B. Willis –Craven County 1870[ 66] Dred Wibmerley –Sampson County 1879[ 66] James H. Young –Wake County 1895, 1897[ 66] North Carolina Constitutional Convention [ edit ] Albert L. Alston – postmaster ofMacon December 11, 1891 – April 29, 1893[ 11] Collin P. Anthony – postmaster ofScotland Neck September 17, 1897 – July 11, 1898[ 11] Weeks S. Armstrong – postmaster ofRocky Mount April 18, 1889 – March 31, 1890[ 11] Daniel W. Baker – postmaster ofLewiston June 10, 1897 – April 1, 1899[ 11] Mary A. Baker – postmaster ofDudley November 11 26, 1897 – August 22, 1911[ 11] William Baker – postmaster ofSouth Gaston October 24, 1889 – October 7, 1897; October 13, 1893 – March 31, 1904[ 11] William B. Baker – postmaster ofDudley August 27, 1883 – September 3, 1884[ 11] Clinton Wesley Battle – postmaster ofBattleboro November 11, 1897 – November 22, 1899[ 11] William E. Bennett – postmaster ofPowellsville January 13, 1898 – February 23, 1901[ 11] Lewis T. Bond – postmaster ofWindsor May 3, 1897 – July 12, 1901[ 11] Albert C. Booth – postmaster ofHarrellsville November 15, 1897 – September 26, 1900[ 11] Moses J. Bullock – postmaster ofTownsville February 19, 1874 – February 8, 1886[ 11] Thomas H. Burwell – postmaster ofKittrell October 24, 1889 – September 4, 1893[ 11] Joseph B. Catus – postmaster ofWinton September 24, 1897 – June 6, 1913[ 11] Edward Cheek – postmaster ofHalifax April 9, 1897 – March 7, 1901[ 11] James D. Cherry – postmaster ofDrew July 7, 1897 – May 20, 1901[ 11] Edward D. Clark – postmaster ofKelford December 20, 1897 – June 19, 1901[ 11] William C. Coats – postmaster ofSeaboard November 9, 1889 – November 3, 1893[ 11] Mrs. Willie F. Coats – postmaster ofSeaboard October 26, 1897 – October 26, 1901[ 11] Hezekiah Cook – postmaster ofOberlin April 11, 1892 – May 8, 1894[ 11] Charner H. Davis – postmaster of Townesville (becameTownsville 1892) July 20, 1889 – December 10, 1897; September 9, 1893 – January 15, 1909[ 11] Cora E. Davis – postmaster ofHalifax April 5, 1889 – December 8, 1890[ 11] Frank Davis – postmaster ofSouthport February 1, 1892 – May 16, 1893[ 11] Ada Dickens – postmaster ofLawrence August 9, 1897 – November 22, 1899[ 11] Henry H. Falkener – postmaster ofMacon May 21, 1890 – December 11, 1891[ 11] Alonzo Green – postmaster ofGatesville May 2, 1870 – April 2, 1878[ 11] Mary Guion – postmaster ofTarheel June 5, 1897 – July 29, 1898[ 11] John H. Hannon – postmaster ofHalifax December 8, 1890 – April 10, 1893[ 11] Israel D. Hargett – postmaster ofRocky Mount July 27, 1897 – February 15, 1899[ 11] Cicero B. Harris – postmaster ofPanacea Springs (becamePanacea in 1894) July 12, 1889 – December 14, 1897; October 23, 1893 – October 2, 1902[ 11] Edmond D. Hart – postmaster ofPrinceville March 17, 1898 – May 25, 1909[ 11] Benjamin H. Henderson – postmaster ofFayetteville January 21, 1892 – March 3, 1896[ 11] Hilliard J. Hewlin – postmaster ofBrinkleyville October 5, 1897 – October 5, 1901[ 11] John H. Howard – postmaster ofWeldon January 18, 1898 – June 27, 1902[ 11] Robert S. Jervay – postmaster ofElbow May 12, 1898 – April 15, 1910[ 11] William H. Jones – postmaster ofMorehead City February 25, 1890 – June 16, 1893[ 11] Norman L. Keen – postmaster ofEssex April 29, 1891 – August 4, 1897; August 16, 1893 – August 6, 1901[ 11] Brosier W. Langford – postmaster ofPotecasi July 21, 1897 – January 17, 1898[ 11] George W. Lane – postmaster ofEdenton August 1, 1881 – February 24, 1885[ 11] Charles H. Lewter – postmaster ofLewiston April 1, 1899 – November 18, 1901[ 11] Henry D. Mayo – postmaster ofLittleton May 26, 1897 – April 13, 1901[ 11] Martha E. Middleton – postmaster ofKenansville August 25, 1892 – May 8, 1893[ 11] Elenora J. Newsome – postmaster ofMargarettsville July 2, 1897 – December 21, 1900[ 11] Berry O'Kelly – postmaster ofMethod October 9, 1890 – April 1, 1931[ 11] William H. Outlaw – postmaster ofWindsor April 30, 1891 – April 1, 1893[ 11] W. Lee Person – postmaster ofRocky Mount April 11, 1890 – June 13, 1893[ 11] James M. Pittman – postmaster ofTillery January 23, 1890 – April 9, 1897; July 11, 1893 – October 28, 1898[ 11] George W. Reynolds – postmaster ofMurfreesboro October 31, 1889 – April 13, 1892[ 11] Edward A. Richardson – postmaster ofNew Bern July 18, 1884 – June 11, 1885[ 11] Augustus Robbins – postmaster ofWindsor June 14, 1889 – April 30, 1891[ 11] Parker David Robbins – postmaster ofHarrellsville September 22, 1875 – October 8, 1877 (also North Carolina Constitutional Convention and North Carolina House)[ 11] Emma S. Roberts – postmaster ofJackson August 6, 1897 – August 7, 1901[ 11] Winfrey H. Roberts – postmaster ofRich Square September 11, 1889 – November 9, 1897; September 19, 1893 – November 9, 1901[ 11] Freeman J. Ryan – postmaster ofQuitsna June 24, 1897 – December 15, 1900[ 11] Thomas Shields – postmaster ofScotland Neck July 11, 1898 – May 14, 1901[ 11] Allen A. Smith – postmaster ofMount Olive May 27, 1897 – July 20, 1901[ 11] Henry L. Solomon – postmaster ofIta May 11, 1899 – July 25, 1901[ 11] Washington Spivey – postmaster ofJames City January 11, 1888 – May 1, 1908[ 11] John H. Thorpe – postmaster ofKittrell January 14, 1898 – March 28, 1902[ 11] Samuel H. Vick – postmaster ofWilson September 28, 1889 – May 24, 1898; February 16, 1894 – March 24, 1903[ 11] Henry L. Watson – postmaster ofMacon November 10, 1897 – November 9, 1901[ 11] York Whitehead – postmaster ofAurelian Springs January 19, 1898 – January 20, 1902[ 11] Henry W. Williams – postmaster ofTillery April 8, 1889 – January 23, 1890[ 11] Washington Winn – postmaster ofMount Olive May 31, 1881 – August 6, 1885[ 11] James S. Wortham – postmaster ofRidgeway April 14, 1897 – July 2, 1901[ 11] Winfield F. Young – postmaster ofLittleton July 15, 1875 – July 26, 1889; August 3, 1885 – 23, 1893[ 11] Ohio House of Representatives [ edit ] George W. Harding – postmaster ofWilberforce August 21, 1893 – July 24, 1897[ 11] William Anderson – postmaster ofUdora October 7, 1897 – September 30, 1911[ 11] [ g] John G. Crump – postmaster ofZion July 20, 1891 – June 22, 1895[ 11] Samuel G. Garrett – postmaster ofLangston June 25, 1891 – February 17, 1894[ 11] William C. Garrett – postmaster ofRidge, Indian Territory December 29, 1884 – March 12, 1886; postmaster ofWellington, Indian Territory July 24, 1890 – November 9, 1891[ 11] [ g] Maston Harris – postmaster ofUdora November 18, 1895 – October 7, 1897[ 11] [ g] Jerry I. Hazelwood – postmaster ofLangston April 14, 1898 – September 12, 1914[ 11] David A. Lee – postmaster ofWellington, Indian Territory (becameLee, Indian Territory in 1892) November 9, 1891 – February 15, 1895[ 11] [ g] William Martin – postmaster ofWanamaker January 18, 1898 – April 15, 1903[ 11] Abner L. J. Meriwether – postmaster ofLee, Indian Territory August 8, 1898 – November 12, 1902[ 11] [ g] Clara M. Overton – postmaster ofWanamaker March 3, 1890 – December 28, 1894[ 11] James A. Roper – postmaster ofOkmulgee February 3, 1898 – March 10, 1902[ 11] Charles W. Stevenson – postmaster ofWanamaker December 28, 1894 – April 15, 1903; January 18, 1898 – July 8, 1908[ 11] Lee B. Tatum – postmaster ofTatums May 9, 1896 – September 5, 1911[ 11] Thomas H. Traylor – postmaster ofDouglas May 12, 1894 – May 23, 1895[ 11] Stanley Ward – postmaster ofUdora February 20, 1895 – November 18, 1895[ 11] [ g] Lewis E. Willis – postmaster ofTullahassee January 26, 1899 – October 25, 1905[ 11] John J. Young – postmaster ofLincoln December 14, 1889 – September 22, 1894[ 11] Edward P. McCabe – treasurer ofLogan County (also Kansas State Auditor, U.S. Treasury Department clerk in Kansas, and county clerk in Kansas)Rhode Island General Assembly [ edit ] During Reconstruction, South Carolina was the only state whose legislature was majority African American.[ 92] Eric Foner says 29 African Americans served in the South Carolina Senate, and 210 African Americans served in the South Carolina House of Representatives.[ 92] [ 92]
South Carolina Lt. Governor [ edit ] A composite of 63 "Radical Republicans " in the South Carolina Legislature in 1868, including fifty "negroes or mulattoes" South Carolina Senate [ edit ] George W. Barber –Fairfield County 1868–1872Israel R. Bird –Fairfield County 1876[ 93] [ 94] Lawrence Cain – Edgefield County 1872–1876 (also South Carolina House)[ 93] Richard H. Cain –Charleston County 1868 (also U.S. Congress, South Carolina House, South Carolina Constitutional Convention, South Carolina Attorney General, city council)Henry Cardozo –Kershaw County 1870–1874Frederick A. Clinton –Lancaster County 1868–1877Samuel L. Duncan –Orangeburg County 1876–1880 (also South Carolina House)Sanders Ford –Fairfield County 1872–1873Samuel E. Gaillard –Charleston County 1870–18771868[ 93] Samuel Green –Beaufort County 1875–1877 (also South Carolina House)Charles D. Hayne –Aiken County 1872–1876 (also South Carolina House, South Carolina Constitutional Convention, Secretary of State, and postmaster)Henry E. Hayne –Marion County 1868–1872 (also South Carolina Constitutional Congress and Secretary of State)William R. Hoyt –Colleton County 1868James L. Jamison –Orangeburg County 1870William R. Jervey –Charleston County 1872 (also South Carolina House and South Carolina Constitutional Convention)William E. Johnston –Sumter County 1869–1877 (also South Carolina House)William H. Jones – Georgetown County 1872–1876 (also South Carolina House)John Lee –Chester County 1872 (also postmaster)Huston J. Lomax –Abbeville County 1870[ i] Moses Martin –Fairfield County 1873–1876Henry J. Maxwell –Marlboro County 1868 (also postmaster)Thomas E. Miller –Beaufort County 1874–1880 (also U.S. Congress, South Carolina House, South Carolina Constitutional Convention)William Fabriel Myers –Colleton County 1874–1878William B. Nash –Richland County 1868–1877 (also South Carolina Constitutional Convention)Joseph H. Rainey –Georgetown County 1868–1870 (also U.S. Congress and South Carolina Constitutional Convention)[ 2] Benjamin F. Randolph –Orangeburg County 1868 (also South Carolina Constitutional Convention)[ j] Thomas J. Reynolds –Beaufort County 1884–1887[ 94] Hamilton Robinson –Beaufort County [ 94] Robert Simmons –Berkeley County 1882–1886Robert Smalls –Beaufort County 1870–1875 (also U.S. Congress, South Carolina House, South Carolina Constitutional Convention, and collector of customs)Stephen Atkins Swails –Williamsburg County 1868, and president pro tem of the Senate (also South Carolina Continental Convention and mayor)Dublin I. Walker –Chester County 1874–1877Jared D. Warley –Clarendon County 1874–1877 (also South Carolina House)John Hannibal White –York County [ 93] Bruce H. Williams –Chester County 1876–1887Lucius Wimbush –Chester County 1868–1872Jonathan Jasper Wright –Beaufort County, South Carolina 1868 (also Associate Justice of South Carolina Supreme Court)South Carolina House of Representatives [ edit ] Frank Adamson –Kershaw County 1870–1874William Adamson –Kershaw County 1869–1870[ 94] Purvis Alexander –Chester County 1876[ 93] Jacob C. Allman –Marion County 1872–1876[ 94] Robert B. Anderson –Georgetown County 1890–1898 (also postmaster)[ 94] William J. Andrews –Sumter County 1874–1876[ 94] Robert B. Artson –Charleston County 1872–1874[ 94] Samuel J. Bampfield –Beaufort County 1874–1876 (also postmaster)George W. Barber –Fairfield County 1868–1872[ 94] John B. Bascomb –Beaufort County 1870–1874[ 93] [ 94] J. A. Baxter –Georgetown County 1884–1890[ 94] W. W. Beckett –Berkeley County 1882[ 94] G. A. Bennett –Beaufort County 1868[ 93] Daniel Bird –Fairfield County 1876[ 93] W. A. Bishop –Greenville County 1868–1870[ 94] John William Bolts –Georgetown County 1898–1902Benjamin A. Boseman Jr. –Charleston County 1868–1873 (South Carolina Constitutional Convention and postmaster)[ 93] H. Boston –Clarendon County 1876[ 93] John Boston –Darlington County 1868, 1872Joseph D. Boston –Newberry County 1868–1876[ 93] [ 94] James A. Bowley –Georgetown County 1869–1874E. M. Brayton –Aiken County 1874–1876[ 94] Sampson S. Bridges –Newberry County 1872–1876[ 93] [ 94] Peter Bright –Charleston County 1874–1876[ 94] Isaac Brockenton –Darlington County (also South Carolina Constitutional Convention)William J. Brodie –Charleston County 1876–1880Stephen C. Brown –Charleston County 1868, 1876[ 93] [ 94] Richard Bryan –Charleston County 1870–1874, 1876[ 93] [ 94] H. Z. Burchmeyer –Charleston County 1874–1876Barney Burton –Chester County 1868–1870 (also South Carolina Constitutional Convention)Benjamin Byas –Berkeley andOrangeburg counties 1870 (also South Carolina Constitutional Convention)[ 94] Edward Israel. Cain –Orangeburg County 1868Everidge Cain –Abbeville County 1870–1874[ 94] Lawrence Cain –Edgefield County 1868–1872 (also South Carolina Senate)[ 94] Richard H. Cain – At-large 1868–1870 and 2nd District 1877 (also U.S. Congress, South Carolina Senate, South Carolina Attorney General, South Carolina Constitutional Convention, city council)Christian Wesley Caldwell –Orangeburg County 1876Benjamin F. Capers –Charleston County 1876[ 93] John A. Chesnut –Kershaw County 1868 (also South Carolina Constitutional Convention)[ 93] Caesar P. Chisolm –Colleton County 1882–1884[ 94] J. E. Clyde –Charleston County [ 93] Simon P. Coker –Barnwell County 1874Samuel Coleman –Chester County 1875–1876Augustus Collins –Clarendon County 1872–1876[ 94] Wilson Cooke –Greenville County 1868 (also South Carolina Constitutional Congress)Andrew W. Curtis –Richland County 1872–1876[ 93] [ 94] Abram Dannerly –Orangeburg County 1872Nelson Davies –York County 1873–1876[ 93] [ 94] James Davis –Richland County [ 93] [ 94] Thomas A. Davis –Charleston County 1870–1876[ 93] [ 94] Robert C. De Large –Charleston County 1868 (also U.S. Congress, South Carolina Constitutional Convention, State Land Commissioner)M. R. Delaney –Charleston County [ 93] F. DeMars –Orangeburg County 1868[ 93] Eugene Herriot Dibble –Kershaw County 1876[ 93] [ 94] John Dix –Orangeburg County 1872[ 94] Samuel B. Doiley –Charleston County 1874–1876[ 94] Paul B. Drayton –Charleston County 1880[ 94] William A. Driffle –Colleton County 1868–1870, 1880–1882[ 94] Samuel L. Duncan –Orangeburg County 1872–1876 (also South Carolina Senate)S. C. Eckhard –Charleston County 1878–1880[ 94] F. S. Edwards –Charleston County 1876[ 93] W. T. Elfe –Charleston County 1878–1880[ 94] Robert B. Elliott –Barnwell ,Edgefield , andAiken counties 1868, 1874; speaker of the house 1874–1876 (also U.S. Congress, South Carolina Attorney General, South Carolina Constitutional Convention, and county commissioner)[ 92] William E. Elliott –Charleston County 1870[ 93] [ 94] Henry H. Ellison –Abbeville County 1870–1874[ 93] [ 94] John Evans –Williamsburg County 1876[ 94] Phillip E. Ezekiel –Beaufort County 1868[ 93] [ 94] Simeon Farr –Union County 1868–1872[ 94] Simeon Farrow –Union County 1874[ 94] T. R. Fields –Beaufort County 1890[ 94] Adam P. Ford –Charleston County 1870–1874[ 94] Ellis Forrest –Orangeburg County 1876William H. Frazier –Colleton County 1872B. G. Frederick –Orangeburg County 1878–1880, 1882–1884[ 94] John M. Freeman Jr. –Charleston County 1874[ 93] [ 94] Florian Henry Frost –Williamsburg County 1870[ 93] [ 94] Reuben Gaither –Kershaw County 1870–1877Hastings Gantt –Beaufort County 1870–1876, 1878–1884[ 94] John Gardner –Edgefield County 1868[ 93] William H. Gardner –Sumter County 1870[ 94] Stephen Gary –Kershaw County 1870, 1874Ebenezer F. George –Kershaw County 1874[ 93] [ 94] John Gibson –Fairfield County 1876[ 93] [ 94] Fortune Giles –Williamsburg County 1870–1874John T. Gilmore –Richland County 1872–1874[ 93] [ 94] William C. Glover –Charleston County 1870[ 93] [ 94] Mitchell Goggins –Abbeville County 1870, 1874Aesop Goodson –Richland County 1868–1872David Graham –Edgefield County 1872–1876[ 94] John G. Grant –Marlboro County 1868[ 93] [ 94] William A. Grant –Charleston County 1872[ 93] [ 94] W. H. W. Gray –Charleston County 1868[ 93] Adam Green –Aiken County [ 93] Charles Samuel Green –Georgetown County 1872–1878John Green –Edgefield County 1872[ 94] Samuel Green –Beaufort County 1870–1875 (also South Carolina Senate)Ishom Greenwood –Newberry County 1872[ 94] M. C. Hamilton –Beaufort County 1892–1894[ 94] Thomas Hamilton –Beaufort County 1872–1876[ 93] [ 94] James J. Hardy –Charleston County 1870, 1871R. M. Harriett –Georgetown County 1874[ 94] David Harris –Edgefield County 1868–1872[ 93] [ 94] Alfred Hart –Darlington County 1870[ 94] Eben Hayes –Marion County 1868, 1872Charles D. Hayne –Barnwell County 1868 (also South Carolina Senate, South Carolina Constitutional Convention, Secretary of State, and postmaster)H. E. Hayne –Marion County [ 93] James N. Hayne –Barnwell County 1868[ 93] [ 94] William A. Hayne –Marion County 1874[ 94] Plato P. Hedges –Charleston County 1870[ 94] James A. Henderson –Newberry County 1868, 1874[ 93] [ 94] John T. Henderson –Newberry County 1870[ 94] Zachariah Hines –Darlington County [ 93] Gloster H. Holland –Aiken County 1870–1874[ 94] Abraham P. Holmes –Colleton County 1870–1874Allison W. Hough –Kershaw County 1872A. H. Howard –Marion County 1872[ 93] [ 94] W. R. Hoyt –Colleton County 1868[ 93] Allen Hudson –Lancaster County 1870, 1874[ 93] [ 94] Richard H. Humbert –Darlington County 1871–1876Barney Humphries –Chester County 1868–1872Alfred T. B. Hunter –Laurens County 1874H. H. Hunter –Charleston County [ 93] James Hutson –Newberry County 1868[ 93] Austin Jackson –Barnwell County 1874[ 94] Henry Jacobs –Fairfield County 1868 (also South Carolina Constitutional Convention)[ 93] [ 94] Burrell James –Sumter County 1868Paul W. Jefferson –Aiken County 1874[ 94] William R. Jervey –Charleston County 1868 (also South Carolina Senate and South Carolina Constitutional Convention)D. I. J. Johnson –Chesterfield County 1868[ 93] [ 94] Griffin C. Johnson –Laurens County 1868–1872[ 94] Henry Johnson –Fairfield County 1868[ 93] [ 94] John W. Johnson –Marion County 1872–1874[ 94] Samuel Johnson –Charleston County 1868[ 93] [ 94] William E. Johnston –Sumter County 1868, 1869 (also South Carolina Senate)A. H. Jones –Charleston County 1874[ 94] Marshall Jones –Orangeburg County 1886[ 94] Paul E. Jones –Orangeburg County 1874[ 94] William H. Jones –Georgetown County 1868–1872 (also South Carolina Senate)Samuel J. Keith –Darlington County 1870–1876William Keitt –Newberry County 1876[ 93] P. R. Kinloch –Georgetown County 1876[ 93] Jordan Lang –Darlington County 1868–1872 (also South Carolina Constitutional Convention)J. S. Lazarus –Charleston County 1876[ 93] George H. Lee –Charleston County 1868[ 93] [ 94] John Lee –Chester County 1872[ 93] [ 94] Levi Lee –Fairfield County 1872[ 93] Samuel J. Lee –Edgefield andAiken counties 1868–1874J. J. Lesesne –Charleston County 1876[ 93] John Lilley –Chester County 1872[ 94] Joseph W. Lloyd –Charleston County 1870[ 94] Aaron Logan –Charleston County 1870[ 93] [ 94] Huston J. Lomax –Abbeville County 1868William Lowman –Richland County 1876[ 93] [ 94] William Maree –Colleton County 1876–1880Thomas Martin –Abbeville County 1872[ 94] Julius Mayer –Barnwell County 1868[ 94] [ 93] James P. Mays –Orangeburg County 1868–1872Harry McDaniels –Laurens County 1868[ 93] [ 94] Thomas D. McDowell –Georgetown County [ 93] [ 94] William McKinlay –Orangeburg andCharleston counties 1868 (also South Carolina Constitutional Congress and city council)John W. Mead –York County 1868–1872[ 93] [ 94] George M. Mears –Charleston County 1880–1892[ 94] S. Melton –Clarendon County 1876[ 93] Edward C. Mickey –Charleston County 1868–1872Benjamin Middleton –Barnwell County 1872[ 93] [ 94] F. F. Miller –Georgetown County 1868[ 93] Isaac Miller –Fairfield County 1872[ 94] M. Miller –Fairfield County 1872[ 94] Thomas E. Miller –Beaufort County 1866, 1874–1880, 1886–1888, 1894–1896 (also U.S. Congress, South Carolina Constitutional Convention, and South Carolina Senate)[ 94] James Mills –Laurens County 1872[ 94] L. S. Mills –Beaufort County 1882[ 94] Syphax Milton –Clarendon County 1870–1872, 1874–1876[ 94] Charles S. Minort –Richland County 1872–1874[ 93] [ 94] F. S. Mitchell –Beaufort County 1884[ 94] Junius S. Mobley –Union County 1868Alfred M. Moore –Fairfield County 1870[ 93] [ 94] Shadrack Morgan –Orangeburg County 1874–1876William C. Morrison –Beaufort County 1876[ 93] William J. Moultrie –Georgetown County 1880–1884[ 93] [ 94] Nathaniel B. Myers –Beaufort County 1876[ 93] William F. Myers –Colleton County 1870–1875[ 94] Lee Nance –Newberry County [ 93] [ j] Jonas W. Nash –Kershaw County 1868,1876[ 93] [ 94] ? Nehemiah –Beaufort County [ 93] William Nelson –Clarendon County 1868[ 93] [ 94] Richard Neabitt –Charleston County 1874[ 94] Frederick Nix Jr. –Barnwell County 1872 (also postmaster)[ 93] [ 94] Charles F. North –Charleston County 1872[ 94] Samuel Nuckles –Union County 1868–1872 (also South Carolina Continental Congress)Nathaniel B. Myers –Beaufort County 1870–1875, 1876Joseph Alexander Owens –Barnwell County 1880[ 94] Robert John Palmer –Richland County 1876Joseph Parker –Charleston County 1880[ 94] Jeffrey Prendergrass –Williamsburg County 1868–1872[ 93] [ 94] Wade Perrin –Laurens County 1868, 1871[ j] James F. Peterson –Williamsburg County 1872–1878Edward Petty –Charleston County 1872William G. Pinckney – Charleston County 1874–1876; Berkeley County 1882–1884[ 93] [ 94] Thomas Pressley –Williamsburg County 1872Isaac Prioleau –Charleston County 1872–1874, 1876[ 93] [ 94] M. H. Priolean –Charleston County [ 93] Henry W. Purvis –Lexington County 1868 (also South Carolina Adjunct General)[ 93] [ 94] Warren W. Ramsey –Sumter County 1869–1876[ 94] Alonzo J. Ransier –Charleston County 1868 (also South Carolina Lt. Governor, U.S. House, U.S. Constitutional Convention)Cain Ravenel –Berkeley County 1882[ 94] George A. Reed –Beaufort County 1872–1874, 1876[ 93] [ 94] W. H. Reedish –Orangeburg County 1876[ 93] A. C. Reynolds –Beaufort County 1888[ 94] J. C. Rice –Beaufort County 1886[ 94] James Richardson –Colleton County [ 93] Mark P. Richardson –Berkeley County 1890[ 94] Thomas Richardson –Colleton County 1868–1870, 1874–1876[ 93] [ 94] Henry Riley –Orangeburg County 1872[ 94] J. R. Rivers –Beaufort County 1882[ 94] Prince Rivers –Edgefield andAiken counties 1868–1874 (also South Carolina Constitutional ConventionJoseph Robinson –Beaufort County 1876, 1880–1886[ 93] [ 94] John C. Rue –Beaufort County 1880[ 93] [ 94] Alfred Rush –Darlington County 1868, 1874Thaddeus Sasportas –Chester County 1868 (also South Carolina Constitutional Convention and postmaster)Sancho Saunders –Chester County 1868 (also South Carolina Constitutional Convention)Robert F. Scott –Williamsburg County 1868[ 93] [ 94] William C. Scott –Williamsburg County 1874[ 93] [ 94] W. H. Sheppard –Beaufort County 1884[ 94] Henry L. Shrewsbury –Chesterfield County 1868Augustus Simkins –Edgefield County 1872–1876[ 94] Aaron Simmons –Orangeburg County 1874–1876, 1882–1886, 1888–1890[ 94] Benjamin Simmons –Beaufort County 1875–1876, 1878–1880[ 94] Hercules Simmons –Colleton County 1874[ 94] Limus Simons –Edgefield County 1872[ 94] William Simons –Richland County 1868–1872, 1874–1876[ 94] Paris Simpkins –Edgefield County 1872–1876[ 93] [ 94] Charles Sims –Chester County 1872[ 94] Andrew Singleton –Berkeley County 1870[ 94] Asbury L. Singleton –Sumter County 1870[ 94] J. P. Singleton –Chesterfield County 1870[ 94] James Singleton –Berkeley County 1882[ 94] B. F. Smalls –Charleston County 1876[ 93] Robert Smalls –Beaufort County 1868 (also South Carolina Senate, South Carolina Constitutional Convention, U.S. States Congress, and collector of customs)Sherman Smalls –Colleton County 1870–1874[ 94] Rev. W. Smalls –Charleston County 1878[ 94] James E. Smiley –Sumter County 1868[ 93] [ 94] Abraham W. Smith –Charleston County 1868, 1876[ 93] [ 94] Jackson A. Smith –Darlington County 1872–1876[ 93] [ 94] Powell Smythe –Clarendon County 1868Butler Spears –Sumter County 1872[ 93] [ 94] James A. Spencer –Abbeville County 1872[ 93] [ 94] Nathaniel T. Spencer –Charleston County 1872Charles H. Sperry –Georgetown County 1872Henry Steele –York County 1874[ 94] D. Augustus Straker –Orangeburg County 1876, 1877, 1878, but was denied his seat all three times (also Inspector of Customs)Caesar Sullivan –Laurens County 1872[ 94] Robert Tarlton –Colleton County 1870–1874John W. Thomas –Marlboro County 1870[ 94] W. H. Thomas –Newberry County 1876[ 93] William M. Thomas –Colleton County 1868–1876 (also South Carolina Constitutional Convention)Benjamin A. Thompson –Marion County 1868[ 93] [ 94] Joseph Thompson –Richland County 1874[ 94] Samuel B. Thompson –Richland County 1868–1874 (also South Carolina Constitutional Convention)[ 94] Julius C. Tingman –Charleston County 1872, 1876[ 93] [ 94] Robert Turner –Charleston County 1870–1876[ 93] [ 94] Richard M. Valentine –Abbeville County 1868John Vanderpool –Charleston County 1872–1876Dublin Walker –Chester County 1874–1877John Wallace –Orangeburg County 1870[ 94] Thomas H. Wallace –Berkeley County 1890[ 94] Jared D. Warley –Clarendon County 1870–1874 (also South Carolina Senate)J. J. Washington –Beaufort County 1886–1890[ 94] Archie Weldon –Edgefield County 1874[ 94] James Wells –Richland County 1876[ 93] [ 94] John W. Westberry –Sumter County 1874, 1878[ 93] [ 94] Ellison M. Weston –Richland County 1874[ 93] [ 94] William James Whipper –Beaufort County 1868–1872, 1875 (also South Carolina Constitutional Convention and probate judge)John Hannibal White –York County 1868[ 93] [ 94] Hannibal A. Wideman –Abbeville County 1872–1876[ 94] James Wigg –Beaufort County 1890[ 94] Charles McDuffie Wilder –Richland County 1868 (also postmaster and South Carolina Constitutional Convention)Bruce H. Williams –Georgetown County 1874[ 94] James Clement Wilson –Sumter County 1872[ 94] Zachariah Wines –Darlington County 1876John B. Wright –Charleston andYork counties 1868–1872Smart Wright –Charleston County 1874[ 94] James M. Young –Laurens County 1872–1876[ 94] Prince Young –Chester County 1872[ 94] South Carolina Constitutional Convention [ edit ] Purvis Alexander –Chester County 1868[ 93] T. Andrews –Sumter County [ 93] John Bonum –Edgefield County 1868[ 93] Benjamin A. Boseman Jr. – (South Carolina House and postmaster)[ 93] Isaac Brockenton –Darlington County , 1868 (also South Carolina House)Barney Burton –Chester County 1868 (also South Carolina House)[ 93] Benjamin Byas –Berkeley County 1868 (also South Carolina House)E. J. Cain –Orangeburg, South Carolina 1868[ 93] Richard H. Cain –Charleston County 1868 (also U.S. Congress, city council, and South Carolina Senate, House, Attorney General, and Constitutional Convention)Francis Lewis Cardozo –Charleston County 1868 (also Secretary of State of South Carolina and South Carolina State Treasurer)John A. Chestnut –Kershaw County 1868 (also South Carolina House)Albert Clinton –Lancaster County 1868[ 93] Samuel P. Coker [ 93] Wilson Cooke –Greenville County 1868 (also South Carolina House)Nelson Davis –Laurens County 1868[ 93] Robert C. De Large –Charleston County 1868 (also South Carolina House, U.S. Congress, State Land Commissioner)Abram Dogan –Union County 1868[ 93] William Driffle –Colleton County 1868H. D. Edwards –Fairfield County 1868[ 93] Robert B. Elliott –Edgefield County 1868 (also South Carolina House, South Carolina Attorney General, U.S. Congress, and county commissioner)Rice Foster –Spartanburg County 1868[ 93] W. H. W. Gray –Berkeley County 1868[ 93] David Harris –Edgefield County 1868[ 93] C. D. Hayne –Barnwell County 1868[ 93] Harry E. Hayne –Marion County 1868 (South Carolina Senate, South Carolina House, Secretary of State, and postmaster)[ 93] James N. Hayne –Barnwell County 1868[ 93] George Henderson –Newberry County 1868[ 93] Richard Hubert –Darlington County 1868[ 93] Allen Hudson ,Lancaster County [ 93] George Jackson –Marlboro County 1868[ 93] Henry Jacobs –Fairfield County 1868 (also South Carolina House)[ 93] William Jervey –Berkeley County 1868 (also South Carolina House and South Carolina Senate)[ 93] J. W. Johnson –Marion County 1868[ 93] Samuel Johnson –Anderson County 1868[ 93] W. B. Johnson –Greenville County 1868[ 93] W. E. Johnson –Sumter County 1868[ 93] W. M. Joiner –Abbeville County 1868[ 93] Charles Jones –Lancaster County 1868[ 93] Henry Jones –Horry County 1868[ 93] Jordan Lang –Darlington County 1868 (also South Carolina House)L. S. Langley –Beaufort County 1868[ 93] George Lee –Berkeley County 1868[ 93] Samuel Lee –Sumter County 1868[ 93] Aaron Logan [ 93] Huston J. Lomax –Abbeville County 1868 (also South Carolina Senate)Julius Mayer –Barnwell County 1868[ 93] Harry McDaniels –Laurens County 1868[ 93] W. J. McKinlay –Orangeburg County 1868[ 93] William McKinlay –Charleston County 1868 (also South Carolina House and city council)J. W. Meade –York County 1868[ 93] A. Middleton –Barnwell County 1868[ 93] F. F. Miller –Georgetown County 1868[ 93] Thomas E. Miller – 1895 (also U.S. Congress, South Carolina Senate, and South House)[ 2] Lee Nance –Newberry County 1868[ 93] William B. Nash –Richland County 1868 (also South Carolina Senate)William Nelson –Clarendon County 1868[ 93] Samuel Nuckles –Union County 1868 (also South Carolina House)C. M. Olsen –Williamsburg County 1868[ 93] Joseph Rainey –Georgetown County 1868 (also U.S. Congress and South Carolina Senate)Benjamin F. Randolph –Orangeburg County 1868 (also South Carolina Senate)[ j] Alonzo J. Ransier –Charleston County 1868 (also South Carolina Lt. Governor, U.S. Congress, South Carolina House)L. R. Reed – 1895[ 93] Prince Rivers –Edgefield County 1868 (also South Carolina House)Sancho Sanders –Chester County 1868 (also South Carolina House)Thaddeous Sasportas –Orangeburg County 1868 (also South Carolina House and postmaster)H. L. Shrewsbury –Chesterfield County 1868[ 93] Robert Smalls –Beaufort County 1868, 1895 (also U.S. Congress, South Carolina House, South Carolina Senate, and collector of customs)Calvin Stubbs –Marlboro County 1868[ 93] Stephen Atkins Swails –Williamsburg County 1868 (also South Carolina Senate and mayor)[ 93] William M. Thomas –Colleton County 1868 (South Carolina House)A. R. Thompson –Horry County 1868[ 93] B. A. Thompson –Marion County 1868[ 93] Samuel B. Thompson –Richland County 1865 (also South Carolina House)W. M. Viney –Colleton County 1868[ 93] William James Whipper –Beaufort County 1868, 1895 (also South Carolina House and probate judge)J. H. White –York County 1868[ 93] James Wigg – 1895[ 93] Charles McDuffie Wilder –Richland County 1868 (also South Carolina House and postmaster)F. E. Wilder –Beaufort County 1868[ 93] Thomas Williamson –Abbeville County 1868[ 93] Coy Wingo –Spartanburg County 1868[ 93] J. J. Wright –Beaufort County 1868[ 93] Other state offices [ edit ] Robert B. Anderson – postmaster ofGeorgetown March 16, 1898 – February 28, 1902 (also South Carolina House[ 11] Frazier B. Baker – postmaster ofEffingham March 15, 1892 – September 2, 1893;Lake City July 30, 1897 – February 22, 1898[ 11] [ l] Samuel Bampfield – postmaster ofBeaufort October 5, 1897 – February 2, 1900 (also South Carolina House)[ 11] Robert R. Bethea – postmaster ofLatta July 31, 1890 – August 16, 1894[ 11] Benjamin A. Boseman – postmaster ofCharleston March 18, 1873 – February 23, 1881 (also South Carolina Constitutional Convention and South Carolina House)[ 11] [ 93] William E. Boykin – postmaster ofMayesville April 12, 1882 – September 10, 1885[ 11] Israel W. Brown – postmaster ofHardeeville July 20, 1883 – April 4, 1885[ 11] Marion F. Campbell – postmaster ofBeaufort February 28, 1891 – April 8, 1893[ 11] Richard J. Cochran – postmaster ofBucksville October 6, 1890 – January 16, 1895[ 11] Joseph S. Collins – postmaster ofEastover February 18, 1898 – October 15, 1900[ 11] Harriet "Hattie" R. Commander – postmaster ofChesterfield June 11, 1889 – December 11, 1893[ 11] John Z. Crook – postmaster ofSt George May 14, 1883 – January 23, 1890; April 29, 1885 – January 20, 1894[ 11] Eliza H. Davis – postmaster ofSummerville July 23, 1873 – September 10, 1884[ 11] James A. Davison – postmaster ofBlackville March 20, 1890 – October 2, 1897; September 19, 1893 –April 5, 1906[ 11] Adam C. Dayson – postmaster ofStono June 6, 1892 – February 28, 1895[ 11] Wesley S. Dixon – postmaster ofBarnwell February 23, 1882 – January 11, 1884[ 11] A. H. Durant – postmaster ofMarion August 25, 1884 – May 18, 1885[ 11] Julius Durant – postmaster ofPaxville July 21, 1897 – November 11, 1908[ 11] Philip E. Ezekiel – postmaster ofBeaufort July 17, 1871 – February 26, 1887[ 11] Lawrence Faulkner – postmaster ofSociety Hill October 17, 1877 – May 17, 1889[ 11] Irving T. Fleming – postmaster of Magnolia (becameLynchburg in 1905) January 26, 1898 – January 12, 1911[ 11] Theodore B. Gordon – postmaster ofConway August 12, 1891 – June 12, 1894[ 11] John D. Graham – postmaster ofSheldon October 15, 1890 – December 20, 1899; April 19, 1898 – December 31, 1905[ 11] Charles Samuel Green – postmaster ofPlantersville October 26, 1883 – May 12, 1885 (also South Carolina House)[ 11] Moses W. Harrall – postmaster ofTimmonsville March 3, 1884 – July 24, 1889; January 16, 1885 – January 30, 1894[ 11] Charles D. Hayne – postmaster ofAiken March 23, 1869 – January 23, 1871 (South Carolina Constitutional Convention, South Carolina Secretary of State, South Carolina House, and South Carolina Senate)[ 11] James H. Holloway – postmaster ofMarion Court House September 9, 1870 – August 25, 1884[ 11] Louisa C. Jones – postmaster ofRidgeland September 30, 1897 – January 7, 1910[ 11] Robert M. Keene – postmaster ofStatesburg August 16, 1889 – October 9, 1893[ 11] Moses J. Langley – postmaster ofChopee March 15, 1890 – May 2, 1894[ 11] John Lee – postmaster ofChester April 27, 1875 – November 27, 1876 (also South Carolina Senate)[ 11] [ 93] Edward D. Littlejohn – postmaster ofGaffney May 7, 1892 – November 4, 1893[ 11] Major D. Macfarlan – postmaster ofCheraw July 9, 1892 – November 13, 1897; December 9, 1893 – April 23, 1900[ 11] John W. Manigault – postmaster ofProvidence December 21, 1889 – September 4, 1890[ 11] John C. Mardenborough – postmaster ofPort Royal December 31, 1879 – February 1, 1898; August 18, 1885 – February 23, 1905[ 11] Henry J. Maxwell – postmaster ofBennettsville March 16, 1869 – November 16, 1870 (also South Carolina Senate)[ 11] John J. Mays – postmaster ofBranchville February 25, 1883 – February 29, 1885[ 11] Benjamin W. Middleton – postmaster ofMidway March 24, 1870 – December 16, 1872[ 11] Mary S. Middleton – postmaster ofMidway December 16, 1872 – August 30, 1875[ 11] Isaac R. Miller – postmaster ofBishopville February 26, 1890 – July 31, 1890[ 11] J. W. Moody – postmaster ofMullins July 3, 1884 – September 17, 1889; May 4, 1885 – December 26, 1893[ 11] W. J. Moultrie – postmaster ofGeorgetown July 22, 1884 – August 2, 1886[ 11] William Emory Nichols – postmaster ofNichols July 30, 1890 – August 4, 1891[ 11] Frederick Nix Jr. – postmaster ofBlackville August 7, 1879 – May 11, 1885 (also South Carolina House)[ 93] [ 11] William A. Paul – postmaster ofWalterborough February 14, 1884 – May 17, 1889; June 12, 1885 – May 23, 1893[ 11] John T. Rafra – postmaster ofSociety Hill May 17, 1889 – September 22, 1893[ 11] Edward C. Rainey – postmaster ofGeorgetown January 11, 1875 – June 7, 1877[ 11] Laura Reed – postmaster ofEdisto Island May 30, 1898 – September 21, 1908; March 12, 1901 – January 12, 1910[ 11] John J. Reynolds – postmaster ofVerdery May 24, 1889 – November 11, 1890[ 11] Alexander S. Richardson – postmaster ofChester September 22, 1873 – April 27, 1875[ 11] Joseph V. Rivers – postmaster ofLady's Island March 19, 1879 – September 8, 1885[ 11] Thomas Robinson – postmaster ofBamberg December 27, 1883 – April 21, 1885[ 11] Thaddeus Sasportas – postmaster ofOrangeburg March 19, 1869 – February 17, 1870 (also South Carolina House and South Carolina Constitutional Convention)[ 11] Edward J. Sawyer – postmaster ofBennettsville August 27, 1883 – May 9, 1892; June 29, 1885 – November 13, 1893[ 11] Daniel Sanders – postmaster ofWalterborough March 31, 1873 – February 14, 1884[ 11] Robert Smalls – Collector of Customs at Beaufort 1899–1913 (also U.S. Congress, South Carolina House, South Carolina Senate, and South Carolina Constitutional Convention)[ 92] [ m] Ishmael H. Smith – postmaster ofPort Royal June 22, 1889 – August 9, 1893[ 11] Frances J. M. Sperry – postmaster ofGeorgetown September 27, 1890 – June 19, 1893[ 11] Robert H. Stanley – postmaster ofDovesville July 29, 1889 – December 26, 1893[ 11] D. Augustus Straker – Inspector of Customs at the port ofCharleston (also South Carolina House).Robert A. Stewart – postmaster ofManning May 17, 1889 – December 26, 1893[ 11] William D. Tardif Jr. – postmaster ofForeston March 3, 1884 – May 1885[ 11] Robert S. Tarleton – postmaster ofWhite Hall August 20, 1883 – April 22, 1885[ 11] Henry C. Tindal – postmaster ofPaxsville March 12, 1891 – December 26, 1893[ 11] Cohen Whithead orWhitiehead – postmaster ofKingstree July 26, 1877 – October 25, 1886[ 11] Charles McDuffie Wilder – postmaster ofColumbia April 5, 1869 – June 2, 1885 (also South Carolina House and South Carolina Constitutional Convention)[ 93] [ 11] Joshua E. Wilson – postmaster ofFlorence February 8, 1876 – January 27, 1885; March 24, 1890 – July 18, 1899; April 9, 1883 – March 9, 1886; May 11, 1894 – September 1, 1909[ 93] [ 11] Zachariah Wines – postmaster ofSociety Hill October 30, 1897 – November 23, 1904 (also South Carolina House)[ 11] Ennals J. Adams – Charleston City Council 1868[ 97] Macon B. Allen – judge of Charleston County Criminal Court 1873;probate judge forCharleston County 1876 (also a justice of the peace in Massachusetts)[ n] Harrison N. Bouey –Edgefield County probate judge in 1875[ o] Malcom Brown – Charleston City Council 1869[ 97] Richard H. Cain – Charleston City Council 1868 (U.S. Congress and South Carolina Attorney General, Senate, House, Constitutional Convention)[ 97] Richard Dereef – Charleston City Council 1868Robert B. Elliott –Barnwell County commissioner (also U.S. Congress, South Carolina Attorney General, South Carolina Constitutional Convention, and South Carolina House)[ 92] W. G. Fields – Charleston City Council 1874[ 97] S. B. Garrett – Charleston City Council 1874[ 97] John A. Godfrey – Charleston City Council 1874[ 97] John Gordon – Charleston City Council 1874[ 97] R. N. Gregorie – Charleston City Council 1874[ 97] William R. Hampton – Charleston City Council 1869[ 97] Richard Holloway – Charleston City Council 1869[ 97] Robert Howard – Charleston City Council 1868, 1869[ 97] Walter R. Jones – Clerk of the City Council of Columbia (also State Financial Board)[ 93] William McKinlay – Charleston City Council 1868, 1869, 1874 (also South Carolina House and South Carolina Constitutional Congress)A. B. Mitchell – Charleston City Council 1874[ 97] B. Moncrief – Charleston City Council 1874[ 97] George Shrewsbury – Charleston City Council 1874[ 97] Thomas Small – Charleston City Council 1869[ 97] Stephen Atkins Swails – mayor ofKingstree 1868 (also South Carolina Senate)Philip Thorne – Charleston City Council 1869[ 97] James Wagoner –York County trial justice[ 98] Edward P. Wall – Charleston City Council 1868, 1869[ 97] Launcelot F. Wall – Charleston City Council 1869[ 97] William Weston – Charleston City Council 1868[ 97] William James Whipper – judge of probate Beaufort County (also South Carolina House and South Carolina Constitutional Convention)[ 93] [ p] Only one African American served in the Tennessee Legislature during the 1870s, but more than a dozen followed in the 1880s as Republicans retook the governorship.[ 99] [ 100]
Tennessee House of Representatives [ edit ] Other state offices [ edit ] Other state and federal offices [ edit ] During the Reconstruction era, four African Americans won election to the Texas Senate and 32 to theTexas House of Representatives .[ 102]
Texas House of Representatives [ edit ] David Abner Sr. –Harrison andRusk counties 1874 (also Texas Constitutional Convention)Richard Allen –Harris andMontgomery counties 1870, 1873[ 104] Edward Anderson –Harris andMontgomery counties 1873[ 104] [ q] Alexander Asberry –Robertson County 1889[ 104] Houston A. P. Bassett –Grimes County 1887Thomas Beck –Grimes County 1874, 1879D. W. Burley –Robertson ,Leon , andFreestone counties 1870[ 105] Silas Cotton –Robertson ,Leon , andFreestone counties 1870[ 106] Goldsteen Dupree –Montgomery andHarris counties 1870[ 107] Robert J. Evans –Grimes County 1879–1883[ 108] Jacob E. Freeman –Waller ,Fort Bend , andWharton counties 1874, 1880[ 109] Harriel G. Geiger –Robertson County 1879, 1881[ 110] Bedford G. Guy –Washington County 1879Nathan H. Haller –Brazoria County 1892–1897Jeremiah J. Hamilton –Fayette andBastrop counties 1870William H. Holland –Waller ,Fort Bend , andWharton counties 1876Mitchell Kendall –Harrison County 1870 (also Texas Constitutional Convention)Robert A. Kerr –Bastrop County 1881[ 111] Doc C. Lewis –Wharton County 1881Elias Mayes –Brazos County 1879, 1889[ 112] David Medlock –Limestone ,Falls , andMcLennan counties 1870[ 113] John Mitchell –Burleson ,Brazos , andMilam counties 1870;Burleson andWashington counties 1873 (also Texas Constitutional Convention)[ 114] E. C. Mobley –Robertson County 1882Henry Moore –Harrison County 1870, 1873[ 115] Robert J. Moore –Washington County 1883–1889Sheppard Mullens –McLennan County 1870[ 116] Edward Patton –San Jacinto andPolk counties 1891Henry Phelps –Wharton ,Austin , andFort Bend counties 1872[ 117] Meshack R. Roberts – Fifth District/Rusk andHarrison counties 1873, 1875; Tenth District/Harrison County 1877Alonzo Sledge –Washington andBurleson counties 1879[ 118] Robert Lloyd Smith –Colorado County 1895–1899Henry Sneed –Waller ,Wharton , andFort Bend counties 1877James H. Stewart – 48th District/Robertson County 1885James H. Washington –Grimes County 1873Allen W. Wilder –Washington County 1873Benjamin Franklin Williams – 25th District/Lavaca andColorado counties 1871; 37th District/Waller ,Fort Bend , andWharton counties 1879; 53rd District/Waller andFort Bend counties 1885 (also Texas Constitutional Convention)[ 119] Richard Williams –Walker ,Grimes , andMadison counties 1870, 1873[ 120] George W. Wyatt –Waller andFort Bend counties 1883[ 121] Texas Constitutional Convention [ edit ] In 2012, the Virginia Senate enacted Joint Resolution No. 89, recognizing that Reconstruction in Virginia lasted from 1869 to 1890 due toJim Crow laws ; federal Reconstruction ended in 1877.[ 131]
Virginia House of Delegates [ edit ] Virginia Constitutional Convention [ edit ] P. H. A. Braxton – collector at the United States Custom House inWestmoreland County (also constable)William Breedlow or Breedlove – postmaster ofTappahannock March 3, 1870 – March 13, 1871[ 11] Robert H. Cauthorn – postmaster ofDunnsville September 21, 1897 – October 24, 1901[ 11] James H. Cunningham – postmaster ofManchester September 20, 1869 – August 1, 1872[ 11] William Henry Hayes – postmaster ofBoydton June 17, 1889 – March 25, 1893[ 11] John T. Jackson Sr. – postmaster ofAlanthus March 23, 1891 – January 31, 1940[ 11] William H. Johnson – postmaster ofBaynesville November 29, 1893 – October 23, 1897[ 11] Wade H. Mason – postmaster ofBluestone March 13, 1890 – November 14, 1902[ 11] Isaac Morton – postmaster ofPort Royal March 2, 1870 – October 29, 1872[ 11] Daniel A. Twyman – postmaster ofJunta August 12, 1898 – October 23, 1898[ 11] Washington did not have any African American legislators during Reconstruction.[ 42]
Washington House of Representatives [ edit ] West Virginia did not have any African American legislators during the Reconstruction.[ 42]
West Virginia House of Delegates [ edit ] Wyoming did not have any African American legislators during Reconstruction.[ 42]
Wyoming Territorial House of Representatives [ edit ] ^ He was expelled from the Constitutional Convention by moderate Republicans because of his British citizenship. ^ Expelled from office ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Blocked from office by racial state legislation during 1868 and 1869. After an 1869 ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court, they were reseated in January 1870. ^ Turner may not have served as postmaster according to the U.S. Postal Service. ^ When he became Louisiana's Lieutenant Governor, Oscar James Dunn was the first African American elected to a state-level position in the United States. ^ Pierre Caliste Landry was the first elected African American mayor in the United States. ^a b c d e f All-African American towns that existed in the Indian Territory in the 19th and early 20th centuries, but no longer exist today, include Lee, Lincoln, Udora, and Wellington. For more information, refer to "All-Black Towns" inThe Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture . ^ Gleaves was elected to a third term as Lt. Governor in 1876, but the Democrats forced him to withdraw. ^ Lomax was elected to the South Carolina House in 1869 but died in January 1870 before the legislature convened. ^a b c d Assassinated by the Ku-Klux Klan, according to H. A. Wallace. ^ Wright was the first African American to occupy a judicial position in the United States. ^ Murdered during a white mob attack on February 22, 1898. ^ Smalls lost this position in 1913 when newly installed President Woodrow Wilson segregated federal offices. ^ Allen was the first African American elected to a municipal judgeship in the United States. ^ Bouey was elected county sheriff in 1876 but was not granted the position. ^ Whipper was elected by the legislature as a Circuit Court Judge, but Governor Chamberlain refused to commission him. ^ Unseated after being sworn into office. ^ The next African American to serve in Wyoming's legislature was Liz Byrd who served in Wyoming's House and a few years later to the Wyoming Senate. ^ William E. Matthews was the first African American to receive an appointment in the United States Postal Service. ^ Foner, Eric."Reconstruction | Definition, Summary, Timeline & Facts" .Encyclopedia Britannica . RetrievedJanuary 10, 2023 . ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Black Americans in Congress 1870–2007 (PDF) . Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 2008.^ Office of the Historian."The Election of Samuel Peters of Louisiana" .Historical Highlights, History, Art & Archives . Office of the Clerk, House of Representatives of the United States. RetrievedAugust 22, 2023 . ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as "x-index | Lest We Forget" .Hampton University . RetrievedJanuary 10, 2023 .^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Work, Monroe N.; Beverly, John William (January 1920). "Some Negro Members of Reconstruction Conventions and Legislatures and of Congress".The Journal of Negro History .5 (1):64– 68.doi :10.2307/2713503 .JSTOR 2713503 .S2CID 149610698 . ^ Bailey, Richard (2010).Neither Carpetbaggers Nor Scalawags: Black Officeholders During the Reconstruction of Alabama, 1867–1878 ISBN 978-1-58838-189-7 ^ "African-American Legislators in Reconstruction Alabama" (PDF) .Alabama Department of Archives and History . Archived fromthe original (PDF) on August 3, 2022.^ "Black members of the Alabama Legislature who served during reconstruction – Alabama Historical Markers on Waymarking.com" .www.waymarking.com .^a b c d e f g h i "1868 Constitution Delegates" .We the People Alabama . Alabama Department of Archives & History. RetrievedJanuary 17, 2023 .^ Simmons, William J.; Turner, Henry McNeal (1887).Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressive and Rising ISBN 978-1-4680-9681-1 {{cite book }}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help ) ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig "List of Known African American Postmasters, 1800s" (PDF) .United States Post Office . October 2017. RetrievedJanuary 19, 2023 .^ "Leadership of Hobson City, 1902" .Encyclopedia of Alabama . RetrievedJanuary 23, 2023 .^ Wilson, Claire M. (August 27, 2020)."Hobson City" .Encyclopedia of Alabama (2nd ed.). RetrievedJanuary 23, 2023 . ^ "Minorities in the Arkansas Senate" .Arkansas Senate . RetrievedJanuary 10, 2023 .^a b "Southeast Arkansas's African-American Legislators, 1868-1893 – The Lakeport Plantation" .lakeport.astate.edu . RetrievedJanuary 10, 2023 .^ "Black History Month 2021" .Arkansas House of Representatives .^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Wintory, Blake (November 28, 2022)."African-American Legislators (Nineteenth Century)" .Encyclopedia of Arkansas . RetrievedJanuary 11, 2023 . ^a b c d e f g h Work, Monroe N., and Staples, Thomas S. (January 1920). "Some Negro Members of Reconstruction Conventions and Legislatures and of Congress " (PDF).The Journal of Negro History .5 (1): 68. Retrieved January 11, 2023. ^a b c Brown Jr., Canter.Florida's Black Public Officials 1867–1924 . University of Alabama Press, 1998.ISBN 978-0817309169 ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Work, Monroe N. (January 1920). "Some Negro Members of Reconstruction Conventions and Legislatures and of Congress " (PDF).The Journal of Negro History .5 (1): 69–71. Retrieved January 11, 2023. ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Oliva, Jose R. (February 2019).The People of Lawmaking in Florida 1822–2019 (PDF) . Tallahassee: Office of the Clerk, Florida House of Representatives. ^a b Brown Jr. Carter.Florida's Black Public Officials, 1867–1924. University of Alabama Press (1998), p. 71.ISBN 978-0817309169 ^ Brown Jr. Carter.Florida's Black Public Officials, 1867–1924. University of Alabama Press (1998), p. 75.ISBN 978-0817309169 ^ Brown Jr. Carter.Florida's Black Public Officials, 1867–1924. University of Alabama Press (1998), p. 77.ISBN 978-0817309169 ^ Brown Jr. Carter.Florida's Black Public Officials, 1867–1924. University of Alabama Press (1998), p. 78.ISBN 978-0817309169 ^ Florida's Black Public Officials, 1867-1924 ISBN 978-0-8173-0915-2 ^ Oliva, Jose R (February 2019).The People of Lawmaking in Florida 1822–2019 (PDF) . p. 184. RetrievedJanuary 30, 2023 . ^ "Aug. 3, 1885: Florida Constitution Adopted" .^a b c d Hume, Richard L. "Membership of the Florida Constitutional Convention of 1868: A Case Study of Republican Factionalism in the Reconstruction South ."The Florida Historical Quarterly 51, no. 1 (1972): 20–21. ^ Leming, Mary Kate (September 4, 2013)."Celebrating Our History: Before Lake Worth, there was Jewell" .The Coastal Star . RetrievedJanuary 22, 2023 . ^ "Town of Eatonville Beginning History" .Town of Eatonville . Archived fromthe original on January 23, 2023. RetrievedJanuary 23, 2023 .^a b c d Drago, Edmund L. (September 24, 2020)."Black Legislators during Reconstruction" .New Georgia Encyclopedia . RetrievedJanuary 9, 2023 . ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Work, Monroe N. (January 1920). "Some Negro Members of Reconstruction Conventions and Legislatures and of Congress " (PDF).The Journal of Negro History .5 (1): 71–73. Retrieved January 11, 2023. ^a b Duncan, Russell (December 10, 2004)."Tunis Campbell" .New Georgia Encyclopedia . RetrievedJanuary 10, 2023 . ^ Baker, Dawn (February 23, 2021)."Celebrating Black History: Remembering Georgia's 'Original 33' .WTOC . RetrievedJanuary 12, 2023 . ^a b c d e f g h i j k l Journal of the proceedings of the Constitutional Convention of the people of Georgia : held in the City of Atlanta in the months of December, 1867, and January, February and March, 1868, and ordinances and resolutions adopted / published by order of the Convention ^a b Bacote, C. A. (1955). "The Negro in Atlanta Politics".Phylon .16 (4):333– 350.doi :10.2307/272648 .ISSN 0885-6818 .JSTOR 272648 . ^ "John C. Buckner, Colored Political Leader, is Dead" .Chicago Tribune . December 18, 1913. p. 5. RetrievedDecember 9, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.^a b Williams, Erma Brooks (2008).Political Empowerment of Illinois' African-American State Lawmakers from 1877 to 2005 4– 5.ISBN 978-0-7618-4018-3 ^ Rose, James A. (1906)."Forty-First General Assembly 1898–1900" .Blue Book of the State of Illinois . Springfield, Illinois: Illinois State Journal Co., State Printers. p. 365 – via Google Books. ^ Williams, Erma Brooks (2008).Political Empowerment of Illinois' African-American State Lawmakers from 1877 to 2005 ISBN 978-0-7618-4018-3 ^a b c d e f Foner, Eric (1996).Freedom's Lawmakers: A Directory of Black Officeholders During Reconstruction ISBN 978-0-8071-2082-8 . RetrievedApril 22, 2022 . ^ Vincent, Charles (2011).Black Legislators in Louisiana during Reconstruction ISBN 978-0809385812 ^ Mitchell, Brian K.; Edwards, Barrington S.; Weldon, Nick (2021).Monumental: Oscar Dunn and His Radical Fight in Reconstruction Louisiana ISBN 978-0-917860-83-6 ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db Perkins, A. E. (October 1, 1929)."Some Negro Officers and Legislators in Louisiana" The Journal of Negro History .14 (4):523– 528.doi :10.2307/2714198 .ISSN 0022-2992 .JSTOR 2714198 .S2CID 149553370 . ^a b c d e f g h i j David R. Poynter Legislative Research Library, Louisiana House of Representatives (August 23, 2023)."Membership in the Louisiana House of Representatives, 1812−2024" (PDF) . RetrievedSeptember 27, 2023 . ^ "Member of the General Assembly: Senators and Representatives" .New Orleans Republican . June 20, 1868. p. 1. RetrievedDecember 30, 2023 .^a b Vincent, Charles (1976). "Louisiana's Black Legislators and Their Efforts to Pass a Blue Law During Reconstruction".Journal of Black Studies .7 (1):47– 56.doi :10.1177/002193477600700104 .JSTOR 2783730 .S2CID 143949628 . ^ Vincent, Charles (January 28, 2011).Black Legislators in Louisiana during Reconstruction ISBN 978-0-8093-8581-2 ^ "Official Journal of the Proceedings of the House of Representatives of the State of Louisiana" . 1870.^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Constitution adopted by the State Constitutional Convention of the state of Louisiana, March 7, 1868 ... 21– 22 – via Hathi Trust.^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z "Extract from the reconstructed Constitution of the state of Louisiana, with portraits of the distinguished members of the Convention & Assembly, A.D. 1868" .Library of Congress, Washington, D.C . January 1868. RetrievedJanuary 18, 2023 .^a b c d Vincent, Charles (1969). "Negro Leadership and Programs in the Louisiana Constitutional Convention of 1868".Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association .10 (4):339– 351.ISSN 0024-6816 .JSTOR 4231092 . ^ Scott, Rebecca J.; Hébrard, Jean M. (2014). "Rosalie of the Poulard Nation: Freedom, Law, and Dignity in the Era of the Haitian Revolution". In Sweet, John Wood; Lindsay, Lisa A. (eds.).Biography and the Black Atlantic . College Station: Texas A&M University. pp. 116– 143.ISBN 978-0-8122-0870-2 OCLC 868967268 . ^a b "Avoyelles Parish Sheriffs" .The Marksville Weekly News . September 13, 2007. p. 12. RetrievedJanuary 21, 2023 – via Newspapers.com.^a b c "William H. Butler (b. circa 1829 – d. 1892)" .Maryland State Archives . Biographical Series. May 16, 2012. RetrievedJanuary 21, 2023 .^a b c "African American Politicians Historical Marker" .www.hmdb.org . RetrievedJanuary 21, 2023 .^ "Black Baltimore 1870–1920, Harry S. Cummings Political and Professional Career, Maryland State Archives" .msa.maryland.gov . RetrievedJanuary 21, 2023 .^ "Harry Sythe Cummings (U.S. National Park Service)" .^ Maillard, Mary (August 7, 2013)."George W. Lowther (1822–1898)" .Black Past . RetrievedJanuary 21, 2023 . ^a b c d e f g h Work, Monroe N. and Garner, J. M. and Lynch, John R. (January 1920). "Some Negro Members of Reconstruction Conventions and Legislatures and of Congress " (PDF).The Journal of Negro History .5 (1): 73–76. Retrieved January 12, 2023. ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Baldwin, DeeDee (2022)."Black Legislators in Mississippi" .Against All Odds . Mississippi State University Libraries.doi :10.17605/OSF.IO/GAX6F . RetrievedJanuary 13, 2023 . ^ Fletcher, Adam F. C. (March 18, 2019)."A History of North Omaha's African American Legislators" .North Omaha History . RetrievedJanuary 22, 2023 . ^ White, Richard (March 12, 2018)."Ned Sherman: Early African-American Mayor" .New York Almanack . RetrievedJanuary 22, 2023 . ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Balanoff, Elizabeth (1972). "Negro Legislators in the North Carolina General Assembly, July, 1868–February, 1872".The North Carolina Historical Review .49 (1):22– 55.ISSN 0029-2494 .JSTOR 23529002 . ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt Olds, Fred A. (October 4, 1929). "List of Negroes who Served in N. C. Legislature ".The Franklin Times . North Carolina Digital Newspapers, Retrieved January 10, 2023. ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at Work, Monroe N. (January 1920). "Some Negro Members of Reconstruction Conventions and Legislatures and of Congress " (PDF).The Journal of Negro History .5 (1): 75-79. Retrieved January 13, 2023. ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Justesen, Benjamin R. "'The Class of '83': Black Watershed in the North Carolina General Assembly ."The North Carolina Historical Review 86, no. 3 (2009): 282–308. accessed January 8, 2023. ^a b c "Compiles Record Negro Legislators In State" .The News and Observer . August 18, 1929. p. 24. RetrievedJanuary 21, 2023 .[unreliable source ^ Hill, Steven A. (2017)."Eppes, Henry" .NCpedia . RetrievedJanuary 9, 2023 . ^a b c Foner, Eric (1996).Freedom's Lawmakers: A Directory of Black Officeholders During Reconstruction ISBN 978-0807120828 ^ Justesen, Benjamin R."Wilson Carey (1831–1905?)" .North Carolina History Project . RetrievedJanuary 9, 2023 . ^ Reid, Elizabeth Davis (1986)."Ellison, Stewart | NCpedia" .www.ncpedia.org . RetrievedJanuary 9, 2023 . ^ "The Next House of Representatives" .The Raleigh News . September 12, 1872. p. 1. RetrievedJune 25, 2024 .^a b Justesen, Benjamin R. (March 7, 2016)."Parker David Robbins (1834–1917)" .North Carolina History Project . RetrievedJanuary 9, 2023 . ^ Powell, William S. (1994)."Robbins, Parker David" .NCpedia . RetrievedJanuary 9, 2023 . ^ "John Patterson Green, b. 1845" .Documenting the American South . University of North Carolina. RetrievedJanuary 13, 2023 .^ "Benjamin W. Arnett, Jr. | Ohio Statehouse" .www.ohiostatehouse.org . RetrievedJanuary 13, 2023 .^ "Jere A. Brown | Ohio Statehouse" .www.ohiostatehouse.org . RetrievedJanuary 13, 2023 .^ "William H. Clifford | Ohio Statehouse" .www.ohiostatehouse.org . RetrievedJanuary 13, 2023 .^ "William H. Copeland | Ohio Statehouse" .www.ohiostatehouse.org . RetrievedJanuary 13, 2023 .^a b "John Patterson Green | Ohio Statehouse" .www.ohiostatehouse.org . RetrievedJanuary 13, 2023 .^ "Robert James Harlan | Ohio Statehouse" .www.ohiostatehouse.org . RetrievedJanuary 13, 2023 .^ "Samuel B. Hill | Ohio Statehouse" .www.ohiostatehouse.org . RetrievedJanuary 13, 2023 .^ "George Henry Jackson | Ohio Statehouse" .www.ohiostatehouse.org . RetrievedJanuary 13, 2023 .^ "William H. Parham | Ohio Statehouse" .www.ohiostatehouse.org . RetrievedJanuary 13, 2023 .^ "Henry Clay Smith | Ohio Statehouse" .www.ohiostatehouse.org . RetrievedJanuary 13, 2023 .^ "William R. Stewart | Ohio Statehouse" .www.ohiostatehouse.org . RetrievedJanuary 13, 2023 .^ "George Washington Williams | Ohio Statehouse" .www.ohiostatehouse.org . RetrievedJanuary 13, 2023 .^ Simmons, William J.; Turner, Henry McNeal (1887).Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressive and Rising 978– 984.ISBN 978-1-4680-9681-1 {{cite book }}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help ) ^ Justesen, Benjamin R. (March 15, 2013),"Van Horne, Mahlon" African American Studies Center , Oxford University Press,doi :10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.39013 ,ISBN 978-0-19-530173-1 , retrievedOctober 9, 2023 {{citation }}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link )^a b c d e f Foner, Eric (January 31, 2018)."South Carolina's Forgotten Black Political Revolution" .Slate Magazine . RetrievedJanuary 20, 2023 . ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv Work, Monroe N. and Wallace, H.A. and (January 1920). "Some Negro Members of Reconstruction Conventions and Legislatures and of Congress " (PDF).The Journal of Negro History .5 (1): 79–110. Retrieved January 16, 2023 ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp "H*3695 Session 117 (2007–2008)" .South Carolina State House . March 13, 2007. RetrievedJanuary 20, 2023 .^ Simmons, William J., and Henry McNeal Turner.Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressive and Rising . GM Rewell & Company, 1887. p. 327 – 335. via Google Books ^ Eichelberger, Julia; Fick, Sarah (October 13, 2020)."14 Green Way – Built for an African American during Reconstruction, later served as a women's residence hall" .Discovering Our Past: College of Charleston Histories . RetrievedMarch 6, 2020 . ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "African American Council Members, City of Charleston, South Carolina" .Charleston, South Carolina . RetrievedJanuary 19, 2023 .^ 1870 York County Census, p. 77 ^a b c d Work, Monroe N. and Napier, J.C. (January 1920). "Some Negro Members of Reconstruction Conventions and Legislatures and of Congress" (PDF).The Journal of Negro History .5 (1): 113–118. ^ Cartwright, Joseph H. (1973). "Black Legislators in Tennessee in the 1800s: A Case Study in Black Political Leadership".Tennessee Historical Quarterly .32 (3):265– 284.JSTOR 42623393 . ^ "Biographies" .This Honorable Body: African American Legislatures in 19th Century Tennessee . Tennessee State Library and Archives. 2013. RetrievedJanuary 22, 2023 .^ "Early African-American Senators | Giants of Texas History" .Texas State Library and Archives Commission . 2021. RetrievedJanuary 22, 2023 .^ "Walter Ripetoe | Texas Legislators: Past & Present" .Texas Legislative Library . RetrievedJanuary 22, 2021 .^a b c "Biographies | Forever Free" .Texas State Library and Archives Commission . June 6, 2016. RetrievedJanuary 13, 2023 .^ Lucko, Paul M. (September 8, 2020)."Burley, D. W." Handbook of Texas Online (2nd ed.). Texas State Historical Association. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2023 . ^ Lucko, Paul M.; Carr, Anthony L. (August 1, 2014)."Cotton, Giles" .Handbook of Texas Online (2nd ed.). Texas State Historical Association. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2023 . ^ Lucko, Paul M. (October 21, 2020)."Dupree, J. Goldsteen" .Handbook of Texas Online (2nd ed.). Texas State Historical Association. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2023 . ^ "Legislative Reference Library | Legislators and Leaders | Member profile" .lrl.texas.gov .^ Lucko, Paul M. (January 1, 1995)."Freeman, Jacob E." Handbook of Texas Online . Texas State Historical Association. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2023 . ^ Lucko, Paul M. (October 22, 2020)."Geiger, Harriel G." Handbook of Texas Online (2nd ed.). Texas State Historical Association. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2023 . ^ Lucko, Paul M. (November 18, 2020)."Kerr, Robert A." Handbook of Texas Online (2nd ed.). Texas State Historical Association. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2023 . ^ "The 1880s: Elias Mayes | Forever Free" .Texas State Library and Archives Commission . April 22, 2015. RetrievedJanuary 13, 2023 .^ Lucko, Paul M; Carr, Anthony L. (February 24, 2015)."Medlock, David, Jr" .Handbook of Texas Online (2nd ed.). Texas State Historical Association. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2023 . ^a b Lucko, Paul M. (April 1, 1995)."Mitchell, John" .Handbook of Texas Online . Texas State Historical Association. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2023 . ^ Lucko, Paul M. (April 1, 1995)."Moore, Henry" .Handbook of Texas Online . Texas State Historical Association. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2023 . ^a b Barr, Alwyn (November 23, 2017)."Mullens, Shepherd" .Handbook of Texas Online (2nd ed.). Texas State Historical Association. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2023 . ^ Lucko, Paul M. (May 1, 1995)."Phelps, Henry" .Handbook of Texas Online . Texas State Historical Association. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2023 . ^ Nabors, Daniel J. (January 27, 2021)."Sledge, Alonzo L." Handbook of Texas Online (2nd ed.). Texas State Historical Association. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2023 . ^ Pitre, Merline (July 27, 2022)."Williams, Benjamin Franklin" .Texas State Historical Association (2nd ed.). RetrievedJanuary 22, 2023 . ^ Lucko, Paul M. (August 1, 1995)."Williams, Richard" .Handbook of Texas Online . Texas State Historical Association. RetrievedJanuary 13, 2023 . ^ Lucko, Paul M. (September 1, 1995)."Wyatt, George W." Handbook of Texas Online . Texas State Historical Association. RetrievedJanuary 13, 2023 . ^ Lucko, Paul M. (January 29, 2016)."Bryant, Charles W." Handbook of Texas Online (2nd ed.). Texas State Historical Association. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2023 . ^ Lucko, Paul M. (December 1, 1994)."Curtis, Stephen" .Handbook of Texas Online . Texas State Historical Association. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2023 . ^ Lucko, Paul M. (December 1, 1994)."Davis, Bird B." Handbook of Texas Online . Texas State Historical Association. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2023 . ^ Lucko, Paul M. (April 27, 2019)."Johnson, Wiley" .Handbook of Texas Online (2nd ed.). Texas State Historical Association. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2023 . ^ Lucko, Paul M. (November 22, 2020)."Long, Ralph" .Texas State Historical Association (2nd ed.). RetrievedJanuary 21, 2023 . ^ Lucko, Paul M. (April 1, 1995)."McCabe, Lloyd Henry" .Handbook of Texas Online . Texas State Historical Association. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2023 . ^ Lucko, Paul M. (September 23, 2020)."McWashington, James" .Handbook of Texas Online (2nd ed.). Texas State Historical Association. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2023 . ^ Lucko, Paul M. (September 28, 2020)."Reynolds, William" .Handbook of Texas Online (2nd ed.). Texas State Historical Association. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2023 . ^ Lucko, Paul M. (August 1, 1995)."Watrous, Benjamin O." Handbook of Texas Online . Texas State Historical Association. RetrievedJanuary 14, 2023 . ^ "Bill Tracking – 2012 session > Legislation" .leg1.state.va.us . Archived fromthe original on December 3, 2021. RetrievedApril 23, 2022 .^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax "African American Legislators in Virginia" .Dr. Martin Luther King Memorial Commission | Virginia General Assembly . Archived fromthe original on August 19, 2015. RetrievedJanuary 9, 2023 .^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Biography, the Dictionary of Virginia."African American Legislators in Virginia (1867–1899)" .Encyclopedia Virginia . RetrievedJanuary 22, 2023 . ^ "Alexander G. Lee (d. by October 10, 1901) – Encyclopedia Virginia" . RetrievedApril 23, 2022 .^ "Fountain M. Perkins (1816 or 1817–1896) – Encyclopedia Virginia" . RetrievedApril 23, 2022 .^ "2012 Session – House Joint Resolution No. 64" .Virginia's Legislative Information System . RetrievedNovember 14, 2022 .^ "Reconstruction in the National Capital Area (U.S. National Park Service)" .www.nps.gov . RetrievedJanuary 23, 2023 .^ Van Pelt, Lori (November 8, 2014)."William Jefferson Hardin: Wyoming's first black legislator" .WyoHistory . RetrievedJanuary 11, 2023 . ^ Simmons, William J.; Turner, Henry McNeal (1887).Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressive and Rising 246– 251.ISBN 978-1-4680-9681-1 {{cite book }}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help ) ^ Simmons, William J.; Turner, Henry McNeal (1887).Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressive and Rising 291– 295.ISBN 978-1-4680-9681-1 {{cite book }}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help ) ^a b c d e f g h i j k l m Williams, Melvin R. "A Blueprint for Change: The Black Community in Washington, D.C., 1860–1870 ."Records of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C. vol. 71/72 (1971): 383–387, accessed January 23, 2023. Bailey, Richard .Neither Carpetbaggers Nor Scalawags: Black Officeholders During the Reconstruction of Alabama, 1867–1878. Montgomery: Richard Bailey Publishers, 1995.ISBN 978-0962721809 Brown, Jr., Canter. Florida's Black Public Officials, 1867–1924. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1998.ISBN 978-0817309169 Gibbs, Mifflin Wistar. Shadow and Light: An Autobiography. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1995.ISBN 978-0-8032-7050-3 Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era. Howard N. Rabinowitz , editor. University of Illinois Press, 1982.ISBN 978-0252009723
African-American politics
Officeholders
Federal State and local
General
Candidates Political movements
