Various examples of light fixtures throughout history
Alight fixture (US English),light fitting (UK English) orluminaire is an electrical lighting device containing one or more light sources, such aslamps and all the accessory components required for its operation to provideillumination to the environment.[1][2][3] All light fixtures have a fixture body and one or more lamps. The lamps may be in sockets for easy replacement; in the case of someLED fixtures, they may be hard-wired in place.
Fixtures may also have a switch to control the light, either attached to the housing (i.e., chassis) or—in the case of some portable luminaires—attached to the power cable. Permanent light fixtures, such as dining roomchandeliers, may have no switch on the fixture itself, but rely on a wall switch.
Fixtures require anelectrical connection to a power source, typicallyAC mains power, but some run on battery power for camping or emergency lights. Permanent lighting fixtures are directly wired. Movable lamps have aplug and cord that plugs into a wall socket.
Light fixtures may also have other features, such asreflectors for directing the light, anaperture (with or without alens), an outer shell or housing for lamp alignment and protection, anelectrical ballast orpower supply, and a shade to diffuse the light or direct it towards a workspace (e.g., a desk lamp). A wide variety of special light fixtures are created for use in theautomotive lighting industry,aerospace, marine andmedicine sectors.[4][5]
Ceiling dome – the light source(s) are hidden behind a translucent dome typically made of glass, with some combination of frosting and surface texturing to diffuse the light. These can be flush-mount fixtures mounted into the ceiling, or semi-flush fixtures separated by a small distance (usually about 50 mm to 300 mm [3–12"]).
Open ceiling dome – the translucent dome is suspended a short distance below the ceiling by a mechanism that is hidden with the exception of a screw-knob or other device appearing on the outer dome face, and pulling this knob releases the dome.
Enclosed ceiling dome – the translucent dome mates with a ring that is mounted flush with the ceiling.
Recessed light – the protective housing is concealed behind a ceiling or wall, leaving only the fixture itself exposed. The ceiling-mounted version is often called a downlight.
"Cans" with a variety of lamps – this term is jargon for inexpensivedownlighting products that are recessed into the ceiling, or sometimes for uplights placed on the floor. The name comes from the shape of the housing. The term "pot lights" is often used in Canada and parts of the US.
Cove light – indirect lighting recessed into the ceiling in a long box against a wall.
Troffer – recessed fluorescent light fixtures, usually rectangular in shape to fit into a drop ceiling grid.
Pendant light – suspended from the ceiling with a chain or pipe.
Sconce – provide up or down lights; can be used to illuminate artwork, architectural details; commonly used inhallways or as an alternative to overhead lighting.
Track lighting fixture – individual fixtures ("track heads") can be positioned anywhere along the track, which provides electric power.
Display case or showcase light – shows merchandise on display within an enclosed case such as jewelry, grocery stores, and chain stores.
Ceiling fan – may sometimes have a light, often referred to as a light kit mounted to it. Ceiling fans with built-in lights may eliminate the need for separate overhead light fixtures in a room, and light kits can also replace any ceiling-mounted light fixtures that were displaced by the installation of the ceiling fan.
High- and low-bay lighting – typically used for general industrial lighting in retail,big-box stores, warehouses and workshops, and is characterised by wide beam angles and diffused light, but minimal glare, making the lamps suitable for use in a wide range of environments. Such lamps are usually divided into the categories of low-bay lighting for ceiling heights around 3.5 to 6 meters, and high-bay lighting for ceiling heights of 6 to 14 meters.
LED strip light – flexible LEDs that usually comes with an adhesive backing, used for accent lighting, backlighting, task lighting, and decorative lighting applications, such as cove lighting
Outdoor lighting andlandscape lighting – used to illuminate walkways,parking lots,roadways, building exteriors and architectural details,gardens, andparks. Outdoor light fixtures can also include forms similar to indoor lighting, such as pendants, flush or close-to-ceiling light fixtures, wall-mounted lanterns and dome lights.
High-mast, usuallypole – orstanchion-mounted – for landscape, roadways, and parking lots.
Bollard – a type of architectural outdoor lighting that is a short, upright ground-mounted unit typically used to provide cutoff type illumination for egress lighting, to light walkways, steps, or other pathways.
^The lighting handbook : reference and application. David L. DiLaura, Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (10th ed.). New York, NY. 2011.ISBN978-0-87995-241-9.OCLC739932332.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
^"Early industry leaders", of fluorescent fixture manufacturing, Paul Levy (1998)
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