Leonard Schapiro | |
|---|---|
 Schapiro in the 1970s at theLSE | |
| Born | Leonard Bertram Naman Schapiro (1908-04-22)22 April 1908 Glasgow, United Kingdom |
| Died | 2 November 1983(1983-11-02) (aged 75) London, United Kingdom |
| Alma mater | University College London |
| Occupation | Academic |
| Organization | Institute for the Study of Conflict |
| Known for | Historian |
| Board member of |
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| Parent(s) | Max Schapiro, Leah Levine |
Leonard Bertram Naman SchapiroCBE (22 April 1908 – 2 November 1983) was a British scholar of the origins and development of the Soviet political system. He taught for many years at theLondon School of Economics, where he was Professor of Political Science with Special Reference to Russian Studies. Schapiro was best known for his study,The Communist Party of the Soviet Union, though his early work on the rise to power of the Bolshevik Party,The Origins of the Communist Autocracy, was his most intellectually ambitious contribution to the field of Soviet studies. Because of his prominence in the field and his insistence on viewing the USSR through a normative lens, Schapiro accumulated his share of detractors, including those who were uncomfortable with his embrace of totalitarianism as a descriptor of Soviet rule and those who alleged that his reputed ties to British intelligence services made him little more than a political propagandist.
Schapiro was of Russian-Jewish background; his father, Max, was theUniversity of Glasgow-educated son of a wealthy businessman who owned a timber mill and forests outsideRiga,Latvia; his mother, Leah, was a Polish rabbi's daughter.[1] Born inGlasgow, he was taken to Russia and spent some of his childhood in Riga (his father having taken over the family timber business) andSt. Petersburg, when his father took a position in railway administration.[2]He returned to Britain with his parents in 1920 and completed his education inLondon, atSt Paul's School, then atUniversity College, London. He wascalled to the Bar fromGray's Inn in 1932, returning to the law after theSecond World War until 1955. His fluency in Russian, German, French and Italian led him to work for the B.B.C.'sMonitoring Service in 1940; in 1942 he joined the General Staff at theWar Office, and from 1945 to 1946 served in the Intelligence Division of the German Control Command, reaching the rank oflieutenant-colonel.[3][4] Schapiro's traditional liberalism alienated him from those scholars more sympathetic to the goals, if not the means, of Soviet socialism, such asE. H. Carr.
A scholar with interests that ranged well beyond political history, Schapiro was the author of an authoritative biography of Ivan Turgenev,[5] as well as the translator into English of Turgenev's novelSpring Torrents. After his death, some of his articles on liberalism, Marxism, and literature appeared in the volumeRussian Studies.[6] He had married firstly, in 1943,Isabel de Madariaga, an historian of eighteenth century Russia;[7] following their 1976 divorce, he married editor Roma Thewes.[8]
