LeFlore County, Oklahoma | |
|---|---|
 LeFlore County Courthouse in Poteau | |
 Location within the U.S. state ofOklahoma | |
| Coordinates:34°54′N94°42′W / 34.90°N 94.70°W /34.90; -94.70 | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Oklahoma |
| Founded | 1907 |
| Named after | An influential Choctaw Indian family |
| Seat | Poteau |
| Largest city | Poteau |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,609 sq mi (4,170 km2) |
| • Land | 1,589 sq mi (4,120 km2) |
| • Water | 19 sq mi (49 km2) 1.2% |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 48,129 |
| • Density | 30.29/sq mi (11.69/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (Central) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| Congressional district | 2nd |
LeFlore County is acounty along the eastern border of theU.S state of Oklahoma. As of the2020 census, its population was 48,129.[1] Itscounty seat isPoteau.[2] The county honors a Choctaw family named LeFlore.[3] TheUnited States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma is the federal district court with jurisdiction in LeFlore County.
The Choctaw Nation signed theTreaty of Doak's Stand in 1820, ceding part of their ancestral home in the Southeastern U.S. and receiving a large tract inIndian Territory. They signed theTreaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek in 1830, which ceded the remainder of their original homeland. Most of the remainder of the Choctaw wereremoved to Indian Territory, escorted by federal military troops, in several waves.[3]
In 1832, the federal government constructed the Choctaw Agency in Indian Territory about 15 miles (24 km) west ofFort Smith, Arkansas. The town ofSkullyville developed around the agency. It was designated as county seat ofSkullyville County, the capital of theMoshulatubbee District of which Skullyville County was a part, and the national capital of theChoctaw Nation.
The U.S. Indian agents lived in the town. In the late 1850s, it was designated as a stage stop (Walker's Station) for theButterfield Overland Mail route.
In 1834, the U.S. Army builtFort Coffee a few miles north of Skullyville, but reassigned the garrison after four years. The Methodist Church took over the facility, converting it for use as the Fort Coffee Academy for Boys, a missionary school. That church also established the New Hope Seminary for Girls in 1845, just east of town. In 1847, the Choctaw Agency burned and its functions were transferred toFort Washita.[3]
During the Civil War, the Choctaw allied with the Confederacy and many of their men served in its army. TheBattle of Devil's Backbone was fought near the present town of Pocola on September 1, 1863. Union Major GeneralJames G. Blunt defeated Confederate Brigadier GeneralWilliam Cabell. Union troops burned the Fort Coffee Academy in 1863, because it was being used to house Confederate troops.[3]
In 1866, the Choctaw government reopened New Hope Seminary, but never rebuilt a boys academy. New Hope Seminary operated until it burned in 1896. The first school for Choctawfreedmen opened at Boggy Depot. In 1892, the Tushkalusa (Black warriors) Freedmen Boarding school opened three miles southeast of Talihina.[3]
From 1886, development of coal mining and timber production attracted considerable railroad construction; the Choctaw, Oklahoma and Gulf Railroad built tracks from Wister west to McAlester. In 1898, the company extended the line east from Wister to Howe, continuing the line to Arkansas in 1899. (This line was leased to the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway in 1904).
In 1896, the Kansas City, Pittsburg and Gulf Railroad (acquired by the Kansas City Southern Railway in 1900) built tracks through the region from north to south, exiting into Arkansas near the Page community in southern LeFlore County. In 1900-01, thePoteau Valley Railroad built a line fromShady Point toSutter (later known asCalhoun, which they abandoned in 1926. Also in 1900-01, the Arkansas Western Railroad constructed tracks from Heavener east to Arkansas. In 1901, the Fort Smith and Western Railroad connected Coal Creek west to McCurtain in Haskell County. In 1903-04, the Midland Valley Railroad laid tracks from Arkansas west through Bokoshe to Muskogee. The Oklahoma and Rich Mountain Railroad, owned by the Dierks Lumber and Coal Company, constructed the county's last railroad, from Page to the lumber town of Pine Valley in 1925–26.[3]
Prior to statehood, the area that became LeFlore County was part ofMoshulatubbee and theApukshunnubbee districts. Its present-day territory fell primarily withinNashoba,Skullyville,Sugar Loaf, andWade Counties, with small portions falling withinCedar andSan Bois Counties, in the Choctaw Nation.[3]
Robert S. Kerr, former governor of Oklahoma and U.S. senator, established a ranch outside Poteau in the 1950s. In 1978, the family donated this residence to the state. It was adapted and opened for use as the Kerr Conference Center and Museum. The Kerr Center for Sustainable Agriculture and the Overstreet-Kerr Historical Farm are also in the county.[3]
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,609 square miles (4,170 km2), of which 19 square miles (49 km2) (1.2%) are covered by water.[4]
The Arkansas River forms the northern boundary of the county, while its tributaries, thePoteau andJames Fork Rivers drain much of the county into the Arkansas. TheKiamichi,Little andMountain Fork Rivers drain the rest of the county into theRed River. TheOuachita Mountains extend into the southern part of the county, along with associated ranges:Winding Stair Mountains andKiamichi Mountains.Cavanal Hill is partly in the northern part of the county.[3]
Lake Wister, a flood-control reservoir, is in the central part of the county.[5] The Ouachita National Forest, in the county's southern half, and Heavener Runestone State Park are tourist attractions.[3] Additionally,Winding Stair Mountain National Recreation Area is located in the county. It is one of twonational recreation areas located in Oklahoma, the other beingChickasaw.
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1910 | 29,127 | — | |
| 1920 | 42,765 | 46.8% | |
| 1930 | 42,896 | 0.3% | |
| 1940 | 45,866 | 6.9% | |
| 1950 | 35,276 | −23.1% | |
| 1960 | 29,106 | −17.5% | |
| 1970 | 32,137 | 10.4% | |
| 1980 | 40,698 | 26.6% | |
| 1990 | 43,270 | 6.3% | |
| 2000 | 48,109 | 11.2% | |
| 2010 | 50,384 | 4.7% | |
| 2020 | 48,129 | −4.5% | |
According to 2021 estimates, its median household income was $43,049 and the county had a poverty rate of 23.5%.[1]
As of the2020 United States census, the county had a population of 48,129. Of the residents, 23.8% were under the age of 18 and 18.7% were 65 years of age or older; the median age was 40.2 years. For every 100 females there were 100.9 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 99.2 males.[11][12]
The racial makeup of the county was 67.8% White, 1.8%Black or African American, 14.8%American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.6%Asian, 3.8% from some other race, and 11.1% fromtwo or more races.Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 7.4% of the population.[12]
There were 18,325 households in the county, of which 31.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 26.6% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[11]
There were 21,032 housing units, of which 12.9% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 71.4% were owner-occupied and 28.6% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.8% and the rental vacancy rate was 9.6%.[11]
As of the2000 census, 48,109 people, 17,861 households, and 13,199 families were residing in the county.[13] The population density was 30 inhabitants per square mile (12/km2). The 20,142 housing units had an average density of 13 units per square mile (5.0/km2). Theracial makeup of the county was 80.35% White, 2.21% African American, 10.72% Native American, 0.21% Asian], 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.44% from other races, and 5.03% from two or more races. About 3.84% of the population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race. By ancestry, 22.7% were ofAmerican, 10.1%Irish, 9.6%German, and 7.7%English.
Of the 17,861 households, 33.4% had children under 18 living with them, 58.5% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.1% were not families. About 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.05. In the county, the age distribution was 26.1% under 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 27.0% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.3 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 97.8 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $27,278, and for a family was $32,603. Males had a median income of $26,214 versus $19,792 for females. Theper capita income for the county was $13,737. About 15.4% of families and 19.1% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 24.1% of those under 18 and 16.5% of those 65 or over.
| Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of June 30, 2023[14] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Number of Voters | Percentage | |||
| Democratic | 7,944 | 28.27% | |||
| Republican | 15,442 | 54.95% | |||
| Libertarian | 198 | 0.70% | |||
| Unaffiliated | 4,520 | 16.08% | |||
| Total | 28,104 | 100% | |||
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 1908 | 1,771 | 45.62% | 1,872 | 48.22% | 239 | 6.16% |
| 1912 | 1,538 | 37.68% | 2,019 | 49.46% | 525 | 12.86% |
| 1916 | 1,944 | 37.56% | 2,576 | 49.77% | 656 | 12.67% |
| 1920 | 4,934 | 54.32% | 3,764 | 41.44% | 386 | 4.25% |
| 1924 | 3,326 | 40.33% | 4,069 | 49.34% | 852 | 10.33% |
| 1928 | 5,168 | 52.48% | 4,622 | 46.94% | 57 | 0.58% |
| 1932 | 2,363 | 21.40% | 8,680 | 78.60% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 3,894 | 32.53% | 8,061 | 67.35% | 14 | 0.12% |
| 1940 | 4,664 | 35.64% | 8,379 | 64.03% | 44 | 0.34% |
| 1944 | 3,667 | 39.22% | 5,660 | 60.54% | 22 | 0.24% |
| 1948 | 2,821 | 29.36% | 6,786 | 70.64% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1952 | 4,631 | 42.18% | 6,349 | 57.82% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 4,310 | 44.96% | 5,276 | 55.04% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 5,302 | 52.26% | 4,844 | 47.74% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1964 | 3,904 | 35.46% | 7,105 | 64.54% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1968 | 3,600 | 32.83% | 4,020 | 36.66% | 3,345 | 30.51% |
| 1972 | 7,932 | 67.45% | 3,433 | 29.19% | 394 | 3.35% |
| 1976 | 4,907 | 37.50% | 8,033 | 61.39% | 145 | 1.11% |
| 1980 | 6,807 | 49.47% | 6,668 | 48.46% | 284 | 2.06% |
| 1984 | 8,604 | 58.54% | 5,990 | 40.75% | 104 | 0.71% |
| 1988 | 6,964 | 51.05% | 6,594 | 48.34% | 83 | 0.61% |
| 1992 | 5,850 | 34.90% | 7,843 | 46.79% | 3,070 | 18.31% |
| 1996 | 5,689 | 39.74% | 6,831 | 47.72% | 1,796 | 12.55% |
| 2000 | 8,215 | 54.82% | 6,536 | 43.62% | 234 | 1.56% |
| 2004 | 10,683 | 61.31% | 6,741 | 38.69% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 2008 | 11,605 | 69.32% | 5,136 | 30.68% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 2012 | 11,177 | 70.57% | 4,662 | 29.43% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 2016 | 13,362 | 77.59% | 3,250 | 18.87% | 609 | 3.54% |
| 2020 | 15,213 | 80.90% | 3,299 | 17.54% | 293 | 1.56% |
| 2024 | 15,333 | 81.76% | 3,184 | 16.98% | 237 | 1.26% |
These sites in LeFlore County are listed on theNational Register of Historic Places:
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Places adjacent to LeFlore County, Oklahoma | |
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Municipalities and communities ofLeFlore County, Oklahoma,United States | ||
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| Other communities | ||
| Indian reservation | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in another county or counties | |
| International | |
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| National | |
| Geographic | |
| Other | |
