45°2′N38°58′E / 45.033°N 38.967°E /45.033; 38.967
Kuban (Russian andUkrainian: Кубань;Adyghe:Пшызэ;Kabardian:Псыжь;Karachay-Balkar:Къобан;Nogai:Кобан;Abaza:Къвбина) is a historical and geographical region in theNorth Caucasus region of southernRussia surrounding theKuban River, on theBlack Sea between theDon Steppe, theVolga Delta and separated from theCrimean Peninsula to the west by theKerch Strait.Krasnodar Krai is often referred to asKuban, both officially and unofficially, although the term is not exclusive to the krai and also accommodates the republics ofAdygea,Karachay-Cherkessia, and parts ofStavropol Krai.
TheLesser Nogai Horde was theNogai Tatar territory in Kuban, allied with theCrimean Khanate.[1]
TheCossack settlement of Kuban and of the adjacent Black Sea region occurred gradually for over a century, and was heavily influenced by the outcomes of the conflicts between Russia andOttoman Empire.[2] In the mid-18th century, the area was predominantly inhabited by theAdyghe tribes.[2] After theRusso-Turkish War of 1768–1774, the population of the area started to show more pro-Russian tendencies.[2]
In order to stop Turkish ambitions to use Kuban region to facilitate the return of theCrimea, Russia started to establish a network of fortifications along the Kuban River in the 1770s.[2] After the Russian annexation of Crimea, right-bank Kuban, andTaman in 1783, the Kuban River became the border of the Russian Empire.[2] New fortresses were built on the Kuban in the 1780s–1790s.[2]
Until the 1790s, these fortresses and the abandonedCossack settlements on theLaba River and in Taman remained the only indication of Russian presence in the area.[2] More intensive settlement started in 1792–1794, whenBlack Sea Cossack Host (created in 1787 in southernUkraine from formerZaporozhian Cossacks) andDon Cossacks were re-settled to this area by the Russian government in order to strengthen the southern borders.[2]
At the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th centuries, the right bank of theKuban River was settled.[2] At the same time, first settlements appear on the coast of the Black Sea and on theplain between the Kuban andBolshaya Laba Rivers.[2] During the second half of the 19th century, the settlement rate intensified, and the territory was administratively organized intoKuban Oblast andBlack Sea Okrug (which later becameBlack Sea Governorate).[2]
The location of the territory along the border had a significant effect on its administrative division, which incorporated the elements of civil and military governments.[2]
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