Kienning Colloquial Romanized Gṳ̿ing-nǎing-hǔ Gâ̤ Tǔ-kióng Lô̤-mǎ-cī Kienning Romanized, Jianzhou Romanized, Jian'ou Romanized
The Kienning Colloquial RomanizedBook of Genesis Chapter 1, published by theBritish and Foreign Bible Society.
Script type	Latin alphabet (modified)
Creator	Missionaries: Miss L.J. Bryer,[1] Hugh. S. Phillips and Mrs Minnie Phillips
Period	1896–1922
Languages	Jian'ou dialect of theNorthern Min language
This article containsphonetic transcriptions in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

The Kienning Colloquial Romanized Alphabet (建寧府土腔羅馬字,Gṳ̿ing-nǎing Lô̤-mǎ-cī) is a romanization system adopted by Western missionaries to compile theKienning dialect (modern dayJian'ou City) of theNorthern Min language in theFujian Province ofChina.

During the last decade of the 19th century, Western missionaries from theChurch of England Zenana Missionary Society arrived inKienning Prefecture (which also comprises the present dayNanping City) to evangelize. However they soon realized that the majority of the residents in the region did not comprehendMandarin speech nor theFoochow dialect when Foochow Christians tried to preach to them, hence the missionaries studied an existing Chinese publication titledThe Eight Tones of Kien-chou (建州八音) and in 1896 the missionaries devised a new Latinized alphabet system for the Kienning dialect, which emulated theFoochow Romanization system. Among the early translators wereMiss L.J. Bryer^[2] and other ladies of the Zenana Mission with the help of native teachers, translated theNew Testament into the Kienning Romanized Colloquial writing system by 1895. It was seen through the press by Miss B. Newcombe^[3] and published by theBritish and Foreign Bible Society inLondon in 1896.

By 1898, theEnglishmissionary coupleHugh S. Phillips and Minnie Phillips had translated and published a revised edition of theGospel of Mark into the Kienning Colloquial Romanized alphabet. A revised edition of theGospel of Matthew was completed and published in 1900 and by the following year, saw the printing ofA Chinese–English Dictionary of the Kien-ning Dialect, which taught people how to read this particular romanization system. The Kienning Colloquial Romanized alphabet played a significant role in the spread of Christianity in Kienning Prefecture and was widely circulated within the local churches of that region. The missionary records showed that the local women were able to master the reading of the Kienning Romanized Bible after three months.^[4] Nevertheless, literacy in that writing system even amongst the local Christians did not reach 100 percent.

After theRepublic of China was formed, romanized writing systems of all the various Sinitic languages were met with suppression from the local authorities, and after the Chinese Communist Party came to power, the government began the campaign of promoting the use ofMandarin and forcibly suppressing all other "dialects". As a result, the Kienning Colloquial Romanized alphabet could not be used in public settings. Despite this, today the older generation of Kienning Christian congregations are still able to read and write in this writing system whilst some of the younger generation may have regrettably lost their literacy in their own language.

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Due to differences between Northern Fujian dialects, the Kienning Romization can only accurately reflect the pronunciation of words from the Jian'ou dialect, and do not necessarily correspond perfectly with other dialects, nonetheless the Jian'ou dialect is used as the predominant standard when writing the Northern Min language and could be used to represent the other Northern Min dialects. For the past century, the Jian'ou has also undergone major changes and therefore there would certainly be some degree of variance between the Jian'ou dialect of the late 19th century and that which is spoken today.

Some fonts can generate the tone 4 mark by placingU+0304 ̄COMBINING MACRON twice.

This text comes from the dialect's "rhyme-book", i.e., the guide to its standard pronunciation, which has the title《建州八音》, meaning the "Eight Tones for the Prefecture of Kṳing". The text gives the lyrics to a little ditty, similar to thealphabet song, to help people remember the book's ordering of rhymes:

The Chinese-character original of this reads as follows.

Postscript:

*Because of the difference between the dialects of Minbei dialect, the expression of the Roman alphabet of Jianning can only reflect the pronunciation of Jianyao at the time, and it does not necessarily correspond to other dialects. However, using the dialect of Jianning Romanization also makes other dialects. Nowadays, over the past 100 years, the voice of Jian'ou dialect has also changed a lot (for example, adding "elong" ieing (/ieiŋ/) rhyme, "囥" ong rhyme (/oŋ/) is incorporated into "Tong" o̤ng Rhyme (/ɔŋ/))^{[clarification needed]}, so the Roman word of its expression is different from the actual pronunciation of today's Jianye.

• The Kienning Colloquial Romanized New Testament

Northern Min language test ofWikipedia atWikimedia Incubator

• Northern Min
• Culture in Fujian
• Romanization of Chinese
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