Karl Bühler | |
|---|---|
_1927_%25C2%25A9_Georg_Fayer_(1891%25E2%2580%25931950)_OeNB_12993104.jpg) | |
| Born | 27 May 1879 |
| Died | 24 October 1963(1963-10-24) (aged 84) Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Alma mater | University of Freiburg Technical University of Dresden University of Vienna University of Southern California |
| Known for | Würzburg School Gestalt psychology Organon model Deixis |
| Spouse | (his death) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Psychology |
| Academic advisors | Oswald Külpe |
| Doctoral students | Karl Popper |
Karl Ludwig Bühler (German:[ˈbyːlɐ]; 27 May 1879 – 24 October 1963) was aGermanpsychologist andlinguist. In psychology he is known for his work inGestalt psychology, and he was one of the founders of theWürzburg School of psychology. In linguistics he is known for hisorganon model of communication and his treatment ofdeixis as a linguistic phenomenon.
He was the dissertation advisor ofKarl Popper.[1]
Bühler was born inMeckesheim, Baden. In 1899 he started medical school at theUniversity of Freiburg, where he received his doctorate in 1903. He continued working as an assistant, and started taking a second degree in psychology graduating in 1904. In 1906 he worked as an assistant professor at the University of Freiburg with von Kries, and as an assistant toOswald Külpe at theUniversity of Würzburg.[citation needed]
In 1907 Bühler completed hisHabilitation thesis at Würzburg, with the titleTatsachen und Probleme zu einer Psychologie der Denkvorgänge ("Facts and problems of the psychology of thought processes"). This text became foundational for theWürzburg School of psychology and sparked heated controversy withWilhelm Wundt. In 1909 Bühler moved to theUniversity of Bonn, becoming an assistant to Oswald Külpe.
From 1913 to 1918 Bühler worked as an associate professor inMunich. InWorld War I he performed military service as a doctor. In 1918, he was made a full professor of philosophy and education at theTechnical University of Dresden.[citation needed]
In 1922, he became Professor of Psychology at theUniversity of Vienna and the head of the Psychology Department. In the same yearMoritz Schlick and Robert Reininger were also appointed as full professors; the latter would become president of the Philosophical Society of Vienna until its disbandment in 1938.[2] Bühler participated in the founding of the Psychological Institute of Vienna as part of the city's efforts to reorganize the school system on the basis of new scientific findings aboutchild psychology. He also worked in the field of thephilosophy of language as a follower of the school ofFranz Brentano,Alexius Meinong, Josef Klemens Kreibig andAlois Höfler.[2]Bühler's wife, Charlotte Bühler, followed him and received a professorship in Vienna. Both taught at the University of Vienna until their common emigration.[citation needed]
On 23 March 1938, Bühler was briefly detained by theNazis, which caused him to flee toLondon in 1940, then toOslo. Finally he emigrated to theUnited States, where he worked from 1940 to 1945 as a professor inMinnesota and from 1945 to 1955 as a professor of psychiatry at theUniversity of Southern California,Los Angeles.[citation needed]
In 1959 Karl Bühler was honored with the Wilhelm Wundt Medal of the German Society of Psychology.
During the war on April 4, 1916, he marriedCharlotte Malachowski, a student ofEdmund Husserl. Their daughter Ingeborg was born in 1917, and their son Rolf in 1919.[3]He died in Los Angeles.[citation needed]
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