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Karata-Tukita language

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Northeast Caucasian language
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Karata
К̄ӀирлӀе мац̄Ӏи
k’ːirƛi mic’ːi
Pronunciation[k’ːirt͡ɬimits’ːi]
Native toNorth Caucasus
RegionSouthernDagestan
EthnicityKarata
Native speakers
9,549 (2020 census)[1]
Northeast Caucasian
Dialects
Language codes
ISO 639-3kpt
Glottologkara1474
ELPKarata
  Karata
Karata is classified as Definitely Endangered by theUNESCOAtlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010)

Karata (кӏкӏирлӏи) is anAndic language of theNortheast Caucasian language family spoken in southernDagestan,Russia by 9,549Karata in 2020. There are ten towns in which the language is traditionally spoken:Karata,Anchix,Tukita,Rachabalda,Lower Inxelo,Mashtada,Archo,Chabakovo,Racitl, and formerlySiux.[2] Speakers useAvar as their literary language.[3]

Dialects

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The language has two dialects, Karata andTukita, which slightly differ in phonetics and morphology but are mutually intelligible.[4] Tukita is sometimes considered a separate language, on the basis oflexicostatistics.[5][6] There are also four subdialects;Anchikh, Archi, Ratsitl andRachabalda, named after their respective villages.[4]

Phonology

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Consonants

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Karata has 45 consonants.[7]

Consonant phonemes of Karata[8]
LabialDentalAlveolarPalatalVelarUvularPharyn-
geal
Glottal
centrallateral
lenisfortislenisfortislenisfortislenisfortislenisfortis
Nasalmn
Plosivevoicedbdɡ
voicelessptkʔ
ejective()
Affricatevoiced(d͡ʒ)
voicelesst͡st͡sːt͡ʃt͡ʃːt͡ɬːk͡xːq͡χː
ejectivet͡sʼt͡sʼːt͡ʃʼt͡ʃʼːt͡ɬʼt͡ɬʼːk͡xʼːq͡χʼː
Fricativevoicelesssʃʃːɬɬːçxʜh
voicedvzʒɣʢ
Trillr
Approximantlj

Vowels

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Karata has 18 vowels.[7]

References

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  1. ^Том 5. «Национальный состав и владение языками». Таблица 7. Население наиболее многочисленных национальностей по родному языку
  2. ^Nichols, Johanna (2006). "Review: Karatinsko-russkij slovar' [Karata-Russian Dictionary]".Anthropological Linguistics.48 (1):95–98.ISSN 0003-5483.
  3. ^Lewis, M. Paul; Gary F. Simons; Charles D. Fennig, eds. (2015).Ethnologue: Languages of the World (18th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
  4. ^ab"The Karatas".www.eki.ee.The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire. Retrieved2021-06-07.
  5. ^Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (Report) (3rd ed.). UNESCO. 2010. p. 42.
  6. ^"Тукитинский язык | Minority languages of Russia".minlang.iling-ran.ru. Retrieved2024-09-27.
  7. ^ab"Каратинский язык | Minority languages of Russia".minlang.iling-ran.ru. Retrieved2024-10-01.
  8. ^Consonant Systems of the North-East Caucasian Languages on TITUS DIDACTICA
The proposedNorth Caucasian language family comprises theNortheast andNorthwest Caucasian language families.
Northwest
(Pontic)
Abaza–Abkhaz
Circassian
Adyghe
Kabardian
Other
Northeast
(Caspian)
Avar–Andic
Avar
Andic
Dargic
North-Central
Southern
Kaitag–Shari
Tsezic
Lezgic
Samur
Eastern
Southern
Western
Nakh
Vainakh
Other
Other
Italics indicateextinct languages
Caucasian
(areal)
South
(Kartvelian)
Northeast
(Caspian)
Avar–Andic
Dargin
North-Central
Southern
Kaitag–Shari
Lezgic
Nakh
Tsezic (Didoic)
Others
Northwest
(Pontic)
Indo-
European
Iranian
Slavic
Others
Turkic
Kipchak
Oghuz
Others
See also
Languages of Armenia
Languages of Azerbaijan
Languages of Georgia
Languages of Russia
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