Kamchatka Krai was formed on 1 July 2007, as a result of the merger ofKamchatka Oblast andKoryak Autonomous Okrug, based on the voting in areferendum on the issue on 23 October 2005. Theokrug retains the status of a special administrative division of the krai, under the name of Koryak Okrug.
Kamchatka Krai occupies the territory of theKamchatka Peninsula, the adjacent part of the mainland, the islandKaraginsky and theCommander Islands. It is bounded to the east by theBering Sea of thePacific Ocean (a coastline of more than 2,000 kilometers (1,200 mi)) and to the west by theOkhotsk Sea (a coastline of approximately 2,000 km (1,200 mi)).
Kamchatka is located in a zone of volcanic activity, around 300 large and medium-sized volcanoes are located within its borders, 29 of which are active. This includes the largest volcano in Eurasia,Mount Kluchevskaya (altitude 4,750 m (15,580 ft)). Kamchatka's latitude is similar to that ofScotland, but its climate is rated assubarctic. Its also prone to monsoons, sweeping in from the Pacific Ocean.
Most of the peninsula is covered with forests ofstone birch, whilealder andcedar elfin are commonly found at higher altitudes. In central areas, especially in the Kamchatka River valley, widespread forests oflarch andspruce can be found. In floodplains, forests grow with fragrant poplar, alder,Salix arbutifolia, andSakhalin willow. In the second tier, undergrowth such as the common hawthorn, Asian cherry, Kamchatka rowan, and shrubs growing Kamchatka elderberries, Kamchatka honeysuckle,meadowsweet, willow shrubs, and many other species.
More than 14.5% of the territory of the Kamchatka Territory is specially protected. There are six protected areas of federal significance (three-state reserves, one federal reserve "South Kamchatka," two spa areas – "Resort Paratunka," "Malkinskie mineral waters"); four natural parks of regional significance ("Nalychevo," "Bystrinsky," "South Kamchatka," "Kluchevskoy"); 22 reserves of regional importance; 116 monuments of nature; four protected areas (landscape natural park "Blue Lake," Southwest and Tundra Sobolewski reserves).
Kronotsky Nature Reserve is a nature area reserved for the study of natural sciences in the remoteRussian Far East, on the coast of theKamchatka Peninsula.[8] It was created in 1934 and its current boundary contains an area of 10,990 km2 (4,240 sq mi).[8] It also has Russia's onlygeyser basin, plus several mountain ranges with numerous volcanoes, both active and extinct. Due to its often harsh climate and its mix of volcanoes and geysers, it is frequently described as the "Land of Fire and Ice".[9]
It is mainly accessible only to scientists, plus approximately 3,000 tourists annually who pay a fee equivalent to US$700 to travel by helicopter for a single day's visit.[9] Kronotsky Nature Reserve has been proclaimed aWorld Heritage Site byUNESCO.[10]
The main industries in Kamchatka includefishing andforestry.Coal and other raw materials are extracted. Due to its geographical location near major shipping routes, it is a center forshipbuilding, ship repair, and related services.[17] There are also oil and mineral resources which are yet to be fully developed.[18]
27,603 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[27]
According to a 2012 survey,[28] 31.2% of the population of Kamchatka adhere to theRussian Orthodox Church, 4.4% are unaffiliatedChristians, 0.8% are Orthodox Christians who do not belong to the Russian Orthodox Church. Two percent of the population adhere to theSlavic native faith orSiberian shamanism, 1.2% toIslam, 0.6% to forms ofProtestantism, and 0.4% toHinduism. In addition, 22.8% of the population declare themselves to be spiritual but not religious, 21% areatheist, and 14.8% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[28]
Religion in Kamchatka Krai as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[28][29]
Законодательное Собрание Камчатского края. Закон №397 от 5 марта 2010 г. «О гимне Камчатского края», в ред. Закона №524 от 23 сентября 2014 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 4 Закона Камчатского края "О гимне Камчатского края"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования с учётом положений части 2. Опубликован: "Официальные ведомости", №55–57, 18 марта 2010 г. (Legislative Assembly of Kamchatka Krai. Law #397 of 5 March 2010On the Anthem of Kamchatka Krai, as amended by the Law #524 of 23 September 2014On Amending Article 4 of the Law of Kamchatka Krai "On the Anthem of Kamchatka Krai". Effective as of the day of the official publication, after accounting for the clauses of Part 2.).
Законодательное Собрание Камчатского края. Постановление №326 от 4 декабря 2008 г. «Устав Камчатского края», в ред. Закона №715 от 7 декабря 2015 г. «О внесении поправок в Устав Камчатского края». Вступил в силу через 10 дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Официальные Ведомости", №199–200, 11 декабря 2008 г. (Legislative Assembly of Kamchatka Krai. Resolution #326 of December 4, 2008Charter of Kamchatka Krai, as amended by the Law #715 of December 7, 2015On Amending the Charter of Kamchatka Krai. Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the official publication.).
Государственная Дума Российской Федерации. Федеральный конституционный закон №2-ФКЗ от 12 июля 2006 г. «Об образовании в составе Российской Федерации нового субъекта Российской Федерации в результате объединения Камчатской области и Корякского автономного округа». (State Duma of the Russian Federation. Federal Constitutional Law #2-FKZ of 12 July 2006On Establishing Within the Russian Federation of a New Federal Subject of the Russian Federation as a Result of the Merger of Kamchatka Oblast and Koryak Autonomous Okrug. ).
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