 | This articleshould specify the language of its non-English content using{{lang}} or{{langx}},{{transliteration}} for transliterated languages, and{{IPA}} for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriateISO 639 code. Wikipedia'smultilingual support templates may also be used - notably xbw for Kambiwá.See why.(January 2025) |
| Kambiwá | |
|---|---|
| Cambioá | |
| Native to | Brazil |
| Region | Petrolândia,Pernambuco |
| Ethnicity | Kambiwá |
| Extinct | early 20th century |
unclassified | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | xbw |
| Glottolog | kamb1239 |
Kambiwá (a.k.a.Cambioá) is an extinctunclassified language of Brazil. A couple dozen words were collected by Wilbur Pickering during the 1960s from two people living in Barreira,Petrolândia,Pernambuco. However, by that time the language had become extinct.[1] The Kambiwá still refer to their original language, and they preserve a few words of it today.[2][3]
Apart from two apparent borrowings fromTupi, none of the words are relatable to known languages.Loukotka (1968) characterized the language as unclassifiable due to lack of data.[4]
In 1961, two word lists of Kambiwá were collected by Wilbur Pickering from elderly rememberers in Barreira,Petrolândia,Pernambuco. The word lists are published in Meader (1978).[1]
Word list recorded from Manoel de Souza:
| Portuguese gloss (original) | English gloss (translated) | Kambiwá |
|---|---|---|
| bebê indígena | indigenous baby | ˈkɔ́lúmì |
| fogo | fire | ˈtóὶ |
| fumo | smoke | ˈpɔ́ṛ̃ùi |
| mulher | woman | ˈšíˈtúrù |
| cachimbo | smoking pipe | ˈkákʷì /ˈkʷákʷì |
| gado | cattle | ˈkǫ́ną̀ |
| homem branco (estrangeiro) | white man (stranger) | ˈtš̭ʸářίtš̭ʸà |
| negro | black man | tãˑˈkážúpì |
| ovelha | sheep | ˈtʸápɔsεřε̨ |
| peba | drink | ˈr̃úpʌ̨̀ų̀ |
| porco-do-mato | collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) | ˈtų́pàřà |
| raposa | fox | ˈfɔ́iàsà |
| tamanduá | tamandua | ˈfílípį̀ |
| tatu-bola | Brazilian three-banded armadillo (Tolypeutes tricinctus) | ˈkʌ̨́ñíkį̀ |
Word list recorded from an elderly man named Tenoro:
| Portuguese gloss (original) | English gloss (translated) | Kambiwá |
|---|---|---|
| fogo | fire | břázádò |
| fumo | smoke | pą̃ˈ húì |
| abelha | bee | ˈkóìm |
| água corrente | running water | bibi /ε |
| bebida alcoólica indígena feita de jurema-preta | indigenous liquor made from blackjurema (Mimosa tenuiflora) | ʌ̨́žúˈkà |
| bebida alcoólica indígena feita de murici | indigenous liquor made frommurici (Byrsonima crassifolia) | álúˈà |
| besta | beast | ˈtš̭ʸápàřú |
| homem branco | white man | ˈnεkřu |
| ovelha | sheep | púsέˈrὲ̨ |
| peba | six-banded armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus) | ˈgʷášínì |
| porco-do-mato | collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) | pǫį |
| veado | deer | ˈgʷą́wų̀ |
Kambiwá words provided by each informant that differ from each other:
| Portuguese | English | Manoel de Souza | Tenoro |
|---|---|---|---|
| fogo | fire | ˈtóὶ | břázádò |
| fumo | smoke | ˈpɔ́ṛ̃ùi | pą̃ˈ húì |
| ovelha | sheep | tʸápɔsεřε̨ | púsέˈrὲ̨ |
| porco-do-mato | peccary | ˈtų́pàřà | pǫį |