Joseph M. Carey | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 8th Governor of Wyoming | |
| In office January 2, 1911 – January 4, 1915 | |
| Preceded by | Bryant Butler Brooks |
| Succeeded by | John B. Kendrick |
| United States Senator fromWyoming | |
| In office November 15, 1890 – March 3, 1895 | |
| Succeeded by | Francis E. Warren |
| Member of theU.S. House of Representatives fromWyoming Territory'sat-large district | |
| In office March 4, 1885 – July 10, 1890 Delegate | |
| Preceded by | Morton Everel Post |
| Succeeded by | (none) District Eliminated |
| 14thMayor of Cheyenne, Wyoming | |
| In office 1881–1885 | |
| Preceded by | F. E. Addoms |
| Succeeded by | Francis E. Warren |
| Associate Justice of theWyoming Supreme Court | |
| In office January 18, 1872 – 1876 | |
| Succeeded by | Jacob B. Blair |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1845-01-19)January 19, 1845 Milton, Delaware, United States |
| Died | February 5, 1924(1924-02-05) (aged 79) Cheyenne, Wyoming, United States |
| Party | Progressive (1912–24) Republican (Before 1910; 1912) Democratic (1910–12) |
| Spouse | Louisa David |
| Children | 2, includingRobert D. Carey |
| Parents |
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| Alma mater | University of Pennsylvania (LL.B.) |
| Signature |  |
Joseph Maull Carey (January 19, 1845 – February 5, 1924) was an American lawyer, rancher, judge, and politician, who was active inWyoming local, state, and federal politics.
In the 1860s, Carey practiced law in the eastern United States and participated inPennsylvania andNew Jersey politics. In 1869, he was appointed by PresidentUlysses S. Grant as theUnited States attorney in theWyoming Territory and later to theWyoming Supreme Court. After serving as the 14thMayor of Cheyenne, Wyoming, he was elected to serve as Wyoming's delegate to the United States House of Representatives, where he introduced legislation admitting Wyoming as a state. Upon Wyoming's statehood, he was selected to serve as the state's first senator alongsideFrancis E. Warren.
In 1910, he left the Republican Party and was elected as Governor of Wyoming with the Democratic nomination. He retired from politics after leaving the governorship in 1914. He is to date the last mayor of Cheyenne to be elected governor.
Joseph Maull Carey was born on January 19, 1845, in Milton, Delaware, to Robert Hood Carey and Susan Pitt Davis.[1] He attended theFort Edward Collegiate Institute until he was a sophomore in 1865. He studied law in the offices of B. F. Temple, W. L. Dennis, and Henry Flanders before graduating with abachelor of laws from theUniversity of Pennsylvania in 1867. On September 27, 1877, he married Louisa David and later had two children with her.[2][3]
During the1866 and1869 Pennsylvania gubernatorial elections, Carey supported and gave speeches in favor of GovernorJohn W. Geary. He cast his first vote in 1866 and was later asked by the chairman of theRepublican Party of New Jersey to give speeches in multiple New Jersey towns.[2][3]
On April 3, 1869, Carey was nominated by PresidentUlysses S. Grant as the firstUnited States attorney in theWyoming Territory and arrived on May 8.[4] On December 14, 1871, he was nominated as an associate justice of theWyoming Supreme Court by Grant, confirmed by the Senate on January 18, 1872, and served until 1876.[2][3][5]
During the second session of theUnited States Centennial Commission, Carey was selected to represent the Wyoming Territory and served on the Committee on Nomination of Secretaries of Departments.[6][7] Carey abstained when the commission voted on whether or not to allow the Centennial Exposition to remain open on Sundays.[8]
In 1876, he was selected to serve as the Wyoming Territory's National Republican committeeman on theRepublican National Committee and remained in the position until 1897.[9]
In 1880, Carey was elected as mayor of Cheyenne, Wyoming while he was out of state by running on a public works improvement platform. He was reelected in 1881, and again without opposition in 1882. During his tenure as mayor, the city's water and sewage systems were completed, an opera house was built, and the Stock Growers National Bank was organized and selected Carey to serve as its first president.[2][3]
The Wyoming Development Company was founded in 1883 with the intention of bringing water to thousands of arid acres of land in theWheatland Flats. In 1885, Carey was selected to lead the organization and built a reservoir using water from theLaramie River. Water from the reservoir was transferred throughout the flats through canals and ditches and successfully irrigated 50,000 acres of land, allowing the area to become inhabitable.[10][11]
On July 30, 1874, theWyoming Republican Party unanimously nominated Carey at its state convention to serve as the territory's delegate to the United States House of Representatives from theat-large congressional district, but was narrowly defeated by incumbent Democratic DelegateWilliam Randolph Steele.[12][13]
On October 22, 1884, Carey was given the Republican nomination for the at-large congressional district afterFrancis E. Warren declined the nomination.[14] In the general election, he defeated Democratic nominee William H. Holliday.[15] During the 1886 election, theWyoming Democratic Party did not nominate a candidate for the at-large congressional district and Carey received almost ninety percent of the popular vote with the remainder being split among Democratic write-in candidates.[16][17] On October 8, 1888, he received the Republican nomination again and was reelected against Democratic nominee Caleb P. Organ.[18][19]
On May 18, 1887, he gave a speech at the dedication ceremony of theWyoming State Capitol building.[20]
When Territorial GovernorWilliam Hale died, Carey asked PresidentChester A. Arthur to nominate Warren, as he was a resident of Wyoming, rather than select a non-resident. Warren was nominated and the rest of Wyoming's territorial governors until statehood were residents of Wyoming. PresidentBenjamin Harrison offered to appoint Carey to an important position in Wyoming, but he declined as he wanted to work towards Wyoming statehood.[2][3]
In 1889, Carey proposed legislation that wouldadmit Wyoming as a state, but Congress did not act upon on his proposal. Although Carey's proposal was unsuccessful, Governor Warren still ordered an election for delegates to a constitutional convention to write astate constitution. On March 26, 1890, Carey introduced legislation to admit Wyoming as a state, passed by the House of Representatives by a vote of 139 to 127 in favor, and passed the Senate with 29 to 18 in favor. The legislation was signed into law by President Benjamin Harrison on July 10, 1890. Although Wyoming had a population of less than 60,000 at the time of its statehood, Carey stated that it did not matter as several other states had been admitted with populations lower than Wyoming's.[21]
Following Wyoming's statehood, the first state legislature held a session at the order of Governor Warren. On November 12, 1890, the state legislature voted on the appointment of its two senators to theUnited States Senate. Carey defeatedGeorge W. Baxter while Warren defeated M. C. Brown, John McCormick, H. R. Mann, andHenry A. Coffeen.[2][3] In 1895, he ran for reelection, but the state legislature unanimously voted in favor of Francis E. Warren due to Carey's opposition to thefree silver movement.[22]
In 1894, he was named as honorary chancellor ofUnion College and was given an honoraryLL. D.[2][3] During the1896 United States presidential election he stated that GovernorWilliam McKinley would narrowly defeatWilliam Jennings Bryan.[23] In 1897, a constitutional convention was held in Delaware where a letter from Carey in support ofwomen's suffrage was read on February 16.[24] On September 6, he and his brother, Davis Carey, were thrown from a carriage. Joseph Carey received cuts on his head while Davis was uninjured.[25]
In May 1910, Carey announced that he would seek the Republican nomination for theWyoming gubernatorial election.[26] In June, he and former state TreasurerWilliam C. Irvine, who served as Carey's campaign manager, campaigned across Wyoming.[27][28] On September 10, he announced that he would run as an independent in the gubernatorial election in order to break the Republicanpolitical machine that controlled Wyoming.[29]
On September 21, he defeated William L. Kuykendall for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination.[30][31] In the general election, he defeated Republican nominee William E. Mullen andSocialist nominee W. W. Paterson and won every county.[32]
On January 21, 1911, nine senators, six governors, and thirteen representatives from the Republican Progressive League signed a declaration of principles supportingprogressive legislation. Carey was one of the signatories.[33] On January 29, 1912, he endorsed former PresidentTheodore Roosevelt for theRepublican presidential nomination against incumbent PresidentWilliam Howard Taft.[34] On July 15, he issued a call for a Progressive state convention to select delegates to attend thenational convention of Roosevelt'sProgressive Party.[35] Although Wyoming had a member of Roosevelt's Progressive Party as its governor, in the presidential election, Roosevelt placed third behind Taft, who placed second, and GovernorWoodrow Wilson, who won the state.[36] In the House of Representatives election,Charles E. Winter, the Progressive Party's nominee for Wyoming's at-large congressional district, placed third behind Democratic nominee Thomas P. Fahey and incumbent Republican RepresentativeFrank Wheeler Mondell.[37]
On January 20, 1913, fighting broke out in theWyoming House of Representatives during the selection of the Speaker of the House. Carey was asked to restore order to the state house, but declined to intervene.[38] During his tenure as governor, he pardoned sixty-three people and commuted the sentences of ninety-six people.[39]
On October 14, 1916, Carey endorsed incumbent President Woodrow Wilson for reelection during the1916 presidential election against Republican nomineeCharles Evans Hughes.[40] In 1917, he came out in support of theprohibition of alcohol in the United States.[41]
In 1918, his son,Robert D. Carey, won the gubernatorial election with the Republican nomination, making Joseph Carey the only governor of Wyoming to be the father of another governor of Wyoming.[42] In January 1922, Joseph and Robert Carey traveled through the eastern United States.[43] In January 1924, he suffered a stroke and later died on February 5.[44]
Following his death, he was honored by the CasperKiwanis branch alongside former President Woodrow Wilson.[45] On February 8, all business in Wyoming was suspended and members of the state government, including GovernorWilliam B. Ross, eulogized Carey.[46] On February 13, the Wyoming Supreme Court had resolutions written by Hugo Donzelman, Thomas Hunter, andAnthony C. Campbell eulogizing Carey placed into the record.[47]
In 1959, he was inducted into theNational Cowboy Hall of Fame.[48]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | William Randolph Steele (incumbent) | 2,506 | 56.53% | +2.76% | |
| Republican | Joseph M. Carey | 1,927 | 43.47% | −2.76% | |
| Total votes | 4,433 | 100.00% | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Joseph M. Carey | 7,225 | 56.53% | +11.68% | |
| Democratic | William H. Holliday | 5,586 | 43.60% | −11.68% | |
| Total votes | 12,811 | 100.00% | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Joseph M. Carey (incumbent) | 8,259 | 88.12% | +31.59% | |
| Democratic | H. G. Balch (write-in) | 524 | 5.59% | −38.01% | |
| Democratic | T. G. Magee (write-in) | 340 | 3.63% | −39.97% | |
| Write-in | 134 | 1.43% | +1.43% | ||
| Democratic | J. M. Lobban (write-in) | 69 | 0.74% | −42.86% | |
| Democratic | L. Kabis (write-in) | 46 | 0.49% | −43.11% | |
| Total votes | 9,372 | 100.00% | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Joseph M. Carey (incumbent) | 10,451 | 58.04% | −30.08% | |
| Democratic | Caleb P. Organ | 7,557 | 41.97% | +31.52% | |
| Total votes | 18,008 | 100.00% | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Joseph M. Carey | 39 | 84.78% | |
| Democratic | George W. Baxter | 7 | 15.22% | |
| Total votes | 46 | 100.00% | ||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Joseph M. Carey | 21,086 | 55.60% | +20.75% | |
| Republican | William E. Mullen | 15,235 | 40.17% | −20.03% | |
| Socialist | W. W. Paterson | 1,605 | 4.23% | −0.33% | |
| Total votes | 37,926 | 100.00% | |||
| Party political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Stephen A. D. Keister | Democratic nominee forGovernor of Wyoming 1910 | Succeeded by |
| Legal offices | ||
| Preceded by | Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Wyoming 1871–1876 | Succeeded by |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by ?? | Mayor of Cheyenne, Wyoming 1881–1885 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Governor of Wyoming January 2, 1911 – January 4, 1915 | Succeeded by |
| U.S. House of Representatives | ||
| Preceded by | Delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives fromWyoming Territory's at-large congressional district March 4, 1885 – July 10, 1890 | Succeeded by (none) District Eliminated |
| U.S. Senate | ||
| Preceded by (none) | U.S. senator (Class 2) from Wyoming November 15, 1890 – March 4, 1895 Served alongside:Francis E. Warren | Succeeded by |
| Class 1 |  | |
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| Class 2 | ||
| Education/Education and Labor (1869–1947) | | |
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| Labor and Public Welfare (1947–1977) | ||
| Labor and Human Resources (1977–1999) | ||
| Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (1999–present) | ||
| Territorial (1869–1890) |  | |
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| Oneat-large seat (1890–present) | ||
| International | |
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| National | |
| People | |
| Other | |
