Jaunpur district | |
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 Location of Jaunpur district in Uttar Pradesh | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| Division | Varanasi |
| Established | 1359 |
| Headquarters | Jaunpur |
| Tehsils | |
| Government | |
| • District Magistrate | Dinesh Chandra (IAS)[1] |
| • Lok Sabha constituencies | Jaunpur •Machhlishahr |
| • Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha | Babu Singh Kushwaha |
| Area | |
• Total | 4,038 km2 (1,559 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 4,494,204 |
| • Density | 1,113/km2 (2,883/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 346,580 |
| Demographics | |
| • Literacy | 73.66% |
| • Sex ratio | 1018 |
| • Language | Hindi •Bhojpuri •Urdu •Awadhi |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | UP-62 |
| Average annual precipitation | 1098 mm |
| Website | Official Website |
Jaunpur district is adistrict in theVaranasi Division of the Indian state ofUttar Pradesh. The district headquarters is the city ofJaunpur which is situated on the banks of theGomti River. It is located 228 km southeast of the state capitalLucknow. 65 km northwest ofVaranasi and 732 km southeast ofNew Delhi. The district has twoLok Sabha seats and nineVidhan Sabha seats. According to the 2011 census, Jaunpur has a gender ratio of 1,018 females to 1,000 males, the highest in Uttar Pradesh. The most commonly spoken language in the district isHindi.
The district of Jaunpur is situated in the northwest part ofVaranasi Division. Its attitude varies from 261 ft to 290 ft above sea level.
Gomti andSai are its main parental rivers. Besides these, Varuna, Basuhi, Pili. Mamur and Gangi are the smaller rivers here. The rivers Gomti and Basuhi divide the district into nearly four equal landmasses. Jaunpur district is often affected by the disaster offloods.[2]
Jaunpur district has a climate consistent with that of the Northern Plain and Central Highlands including theAravalli Range, hot semi-arid eco-region 4.3 and hot dry ecoregion 9.2. The temperature varies between about 4 °C (39 °F) and 44 °C (111 °F).[3] The annual normal rainfall is 1,098 millimetres (43.2 in). Themonsoon season occurs from the third week of June to the first week of October. Normally, there are 46 rain days per year of which 31 occur in the monsoon season. The district regularly suffersdrought andpestilence.[4]
The topography of the district is a flat plain undulating with shallow river valleys. The main permanently flowing rivers are the Gomti and the Sai.[5] The rivers of Jaunpur flow from northwest to southeast and the land slopes in the same direction. Thus, there is a more elevated area in the northwest and a less elevated area of land in the southeast.[6]
Beneath the surface of the district of Jaunpur, is a thickmantle consisting of thequaternarysediments (silt, sand and clay) of theGanga river system. Below isVindhya Rangebedrock. Mineral deposits are rare but there islimestone as aconglomerate kanker in nodular and block forms. Thelimestone can be used in building.Earthquakes have been recorded, the largest in 1927 and 1954.[6]
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 1,201,667 | — |
| 1911 | 1,155,244 | −0.39% |
| 1921 | 1,153,633 | −0.01% |
| 1931 | 1,234,365 | +0.68% |
| 1941 | 1,385,490 | +1.16% |
| 1951 | 1,515,043 | +0.90% |
| 1961 | 1,727,264 | +1.32% |
| 1971 | 2,005,434 | +1.50% |
| 1981 | 2,532,734 | +2.36% |
| 1991 | 3,214,636 | +2.41% |
| 2001 | 3,911,679 | +1.98% |
| 2011 | 4,494,204 | +1.40% |
| source:[7] | ||
| Religion | Percent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hinduism | 88.59% | |||
| Islam | 10.76% | |||
| Other or not stated | 0.65% | |||
In 2011, an official census was made in Jaunpur district. It recorded a population of 4,494,204 of which 2,258,437 were female and 2,217,635 male making it 7th most populated district in whole state.[9] Jaunpur district has population density of 1,113 persons per km2. Between 2001 and 2011, the population of Jaunpur district grew 14.89%. Literacy increased from 59.84 to 73.66 per cent. In 2011, 86.06 per cent of men were literate and 61.7 per cent of women. Children under six years formed 14.37% of the population. 7.71% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes made up 22.04% of the population.[9]
Jaunpur ranks seventh in terms of population in the state and ranks first in terms of sex ratio (1,024). There are 663,513 households in the district accounting for 2% of the total households in the U.P. The average size of households in the district is 6.8 persons. Urban population in the district is only 7.7% of total population.[9]
At the time of the2011 Census of India, 92.65% of the population in the district spokeHindi, 3.58%Bhojpuri, 1.90%Urdu and 1.73%Awadhi as their first language.[10]
Within the district, there are two national lower house constituencies,Lok Sabha, of which Jaunpur constituency is entirely in the district, and nine state lower house constituencies,Vidhan Sabha. Jaunpur district has six administrative subdivisions (Tahsils).[11]
Jaunpur district is further divided into twenty-one "development blocks".
There are also twenty-six police districts (Thanas).
The district's main economical activity isagriculture and allied sector. Jaunpur is the fastest developing area in eastern Uttar Pradesh with skill development, quality education and good infrastructure.
The main field crops of Jaunpur district are: rice, maize, pigeon pea, pearl millet, blackgram wheat and chickpea. Other crops are onion and potato and crops forfodder. The crops are grown with both rainfall and irrigation. There are cattle (both local low yielding and crossbred), and local low-yieldingbuffalo as well as goats, sheep, backyard chickens and pigs and occasional dairy farms. Approximately 29% of Jaunpur's population is employed. Approximately 40% of those employed work in manufacturing, 26% work in trade and commerce, 19% work in other services, 8% work in transport and communication, 4% work in agriculture, 2% work in construction, and 2% are marginal workers. There are 43 governmentreservoirs and many more private water sources.[4] At Gujartal lake, 2 miles (3.2 km) west ofKheta Sarai,pisciculture is conducted.
There is little heavy industry in Jaunpur. The Varanasi Jaunpur highway allows for some industrial economic development. Acotton mill was operational near Karanja Kala but has now been replaced by a medical college and there are sometextile manufacturers. Other manufactured products include perfume (jasmine oil andattar) andincense, furniture, carpets,chemical fertiliser andcement. Tertiary and service industries include repair workshops, print shops and internet cafes.[5][12][13][14] There is aspecial economical zone located at Allahabad road nearMungra Badshahpur theSathariya Industrial area or SIDA. Jaunpur has a problem of poorinfrastructure development. Like many other districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh, Jaunpur has poor road quality and a lack of electricity supply. National highway number 56 betweenLucknow andVaranasi cross from Jaunpur.
Agro-park in Varanasi near Babatpur airport on Varanasi-Jaunpur highway is said to boost the food-processing industry in the region.[15]
| Part ofa series on the |
| Jaunpur Sultanate سلطنت جونپور |
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Rulers
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Historiography |
Firoz Shah III began the construction of theAtala Masjid in 1393. The Atala masjid is model of Indo-Iran architecture. The Atala became a model for otherMasjids in the Jaunpur district. Architecturally, it retained and advanced the element of monumentalism. The height of the Atala masjid is over 100 feet (30 m). The perimeter is 248 feet (76 m). The entrance has three massive stone pylons. The central one consists of a high arch between two sloping towers. These are decorated with arched niches and stone screened windows.[16][17]
The Jhanjhari Masjid, on the north bank of the Gomti River, was built by Ibrahim in the Sipah locality of Jaunpur township. It was a residence of Ibrahim himself, as well as a place for saints, scholars (pandits) and the army (who kept animals such as elephants, camels, horses and mules). After human destruction and flood damage, only thefacade remains. This consists of an arch, 35 feet (11 m) high and 32 feet (9.8 m) wide. Some of the stones from this masjid were used in the construction of the Shahi bridge.[17]
This Masjid was built in 1447 (as per inscription of this masjid) atBegumganj, 1 mile (1.6 km) north of Jaunpur, during the reign of Sultan Mahmud Sharqi, by Queen Bibi Rajyi, dedicated to Maulana Sayyid Ali Dawood Kutubbudin, a celebrated saint (Maulana) of Jaunpur, whose descendants still live in the mohalla bazaar bhua Pandariba Jaunpur and mohalla Namaz Gah laldarwaza. The masjid occupies 212 square feet (19.7 m2) x 188 square feet (17.5 m2) and has three entrances and a courtyard. It is also known as the "Red Portal Masjid".
TheJama Masjid is another of theSharqi dynasty period, started by Ibrahim Shah Sharqi and after a number of construction phases, completed by Hussain Shah. It is located on the Shahganj road near the Purani bazaar in Jaunpur City. The size of the masjid interior is 219 feet (67 m) x 217 feet (66 m). 27 steps climb to the top. There are four gates, one at eachcardinal point. The eastern gateway was destroyed bySikander Lodhi. The masjid is decorated withEgyptian style engravings andlotus,sunflower androsemotifs.
It is situated on Panchatiya Road. The palace of royal family of Jaunpur owned byRaja Yadvendra Dutt Dubey and his family. Now the palace has been converted into Wedding Lawn. The palace also has a Pokhra where events like Ravan Dahan and Dussehra mela takes place every year.
In 1462, Firoz Shah III built theShahi Qila (the imperial fort). TheKerar Kot fort once stood on the same site in Jaunpur township on the north bank of theGomti River. It contained amosque and a spacious and stylish set ofbaths (hammam) installed by Ibrahim, Firoz's brother. The layout of the fort is an irregularquadrangle enclosed in stone walls. The walls surround raisedearthworks. Most of the remains of the original structures are buried or in ruin.[18]
The main gates face east. The largest inner gate is 14 metres (46 ft) in height. Its external surface is set withashlar stone.[18] A further, outer, gate was installed during the reign of the Mughal king, Akbar, under the patronage of the governor of Jaunpur, Min'im Khan in the 16th century. It is designed in the shape of a flankingbastion. Thespandrels or spaces between the arches of the outer gate were decorated with blue and yellow tiles. Ornamentalniches are built into the walls of the outer gate. The two story residential and administrative building or "palace" was built in a square layout. An interior pillaredverandah oraiwan overlooked the ground floor from the first.
The mosque ormasjid is likely the oldest building in Jaunpur township. It was a simplearcade of about 39.40 metres (129.3 ft) x 6.65 metres (21.8 ft). It was supported by pillars in theBengali style. There are three low centraldomes and nominars. (There are two nearby stone pillars instead).[18][19][20]
TheShahi Pul is a bridge over the Gomti River at Jaunpur township. It was built by Khankhana in 1564 for Akbar. The bridge is 26 feet (7.9 m) wide. At each end werepillboxes to house stalls. On a square platform in the middle of the bridge, there is a large sculpture of a lion with an elephant underneath its forepaws. The statue originated in aBuddhist monastery. There is an associated mosque at Idgah on the Allahabad road.
Located at Chowkiya, Panchhatiya, the temple is devoted to goddessShitala, who resides in the main temple of the complex. There are other temples of god and goddess of mostly of the local deities. There is also a pond. The temple is very much popular among the locals. It is believed that before leaving the district, it's necessary to take blessings of Mata Sheetla for safety and well-being. There is a Neem tree in temple believed to be more than 300 years old.
Jaunpur is well-connected toLucknow,Gorakhpur,Varanasi,Allahabad and other cities likeAzamgarh,Ayodhya,Mirzapur, Janghai,Sultanpur,Kerakat,Ghazipur etc. Mariahu NH-56, SH-36 are the roadways connecting all major cities to Jaunpur. The major bus stations are in Jaunpur city and Machhlishahr. Road dividers are also being built to avoid traffic jams.
Jaunpur is well-connected with all major cities of India thanks toIndian Railways. It has four major railway stations:Jaunpur City Railway Station(JOP) andJaunpur Junction (JNU),Shahganj Junction (SHG), Janghai Junction (JNH),Kerakat railway station (KCT). Zafarabad (ZBD) also a railway station where's many train routes are diverted i.e. Allahababd, Varanasi, Lucknow Via Sultanpur, Lucknow via Shahganj, Ghazipur via Jaunpur junction.
Following is the list of major junctions and halt stations in Jaunpur Districts:
The nearest airport isLal Bahadur Shastri Airport inVaranasi, which is roughly 39 km (24 mi) from the city. The other nearest airport to Jaunpur is inPrayagraj which is roughly 142 km (88 mi) away.
Location of Jaunpur district | |
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25°45′N82°45′E / 25.750°N 82.750°E /25.750; 82.750
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