Jaunpur | |
|---|---|
City | |
 Jaunpur From Top Left to Bottom Right: Shahi Bridge, Shahi Quila, Gomti Arti at Gopighat, Lohia Paryawaran Park, Sheetla Chaukiya Temple, Purvanchal University Campus | |
  Jaunpur  Jaunpur | |
| Coordinates:25°44′N82°41′E / 25.73°N 82.68°E /25.73; 82.68 | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District | Jaunpur |
| Founded | 1359 |
| Named after |
|
| Government | |
| • Member of Parliament | Babu Singh Kushwaha |
| Elevation | 82 m (269 ft) |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
• Total | 180,362 |
| • Density | 1,113/km2 (2,880/sq mi) |
| Language | |
| • Official | Hindi[2] |
| • Additional official | Urdu[2] |
| • Regional | Awadhi,[3]Bhojpuri[4] |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Postal code | 222001 |
| Vehicle registration | UP-62 |
| Sex ratio | 925 females per 1000 males♂/♀ |
| Website | jaunpur |
Jaunpur (Hindustani pronunciation:[dʒɔːnpʊr]ⓘ) is a city and amunicipal board inJaunpur district in the Indianstate ofUttar Pradesh. It is located 228 km southeast of state capitalLucknow. Demographically, Jaunpur resembles the rest of thePurvanchal area in which it is located.
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| Jaunpur Sultanate سلطنت جونپور |
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Rulers
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Historiography |
Earliest Hindu rulers of Jaunpur were the Ahirs/Yadavs, Heerchand Yadav being the first ruler of Jaunpur.[5] Ahirs/Yadavs built forts at Chandwak and Gopalpur villages of Jaunpur[5]
It is believed that the famous temple ofChaukiya Devi was built in the glory of their clan-deity either by the Yadavs or theBhars- but in view of the predilections of the Bhars, it seems more logical to conclude that this temple was built by the Bhars. The Bhars were non-Aryans. The worship of Shiv and Shakti was prevalent in the non-aryans. The Bhars also held some power in Jaunpur.[5]
In 1359, the city was invaded by theSultan of DelhiFeroz Shah Tughlaq and named in memory of his cousin,Muhammad bin Tughluq, whose given name was Jauna Khan.[6][7] In 1388, Feroz Shah Tughlaq appointedMalik Sarwar (aneunuch, who was notorious for having been the lover of Feroz Shah Tughlaq's daughter) as the governor of the region. The Sultanate was in disarray because of factional fighting for power, and in 1393 Malik Sarwar declared independence. He and his adopted son Mubarak Shah founded what came to be known as theSharqi dynasty (dynasty of the East). During the Sharqi period (1394 and 1479)[8] the Jaunpur Sultanate was a strong military power in Northern India, and on several occasions threatened the Delhi Sultanate.
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The Jaunpur Sultanate attained its greatest height under the younger brother of Mubarak Shah, who ruled as Shams-ud-din Ibrahim Shah (ruled 1402–1440). To the east, his kingdom extended to Bihar, and to the west, to Kanauj; he even marched on Delhi at one point. Under the aegis of a Muslim holy man named Qutb al-Alam, he threatened theSultanate of Bengal underShihabuddin Bayazid Shah.[6]: 343
During the reign of Husain Shah (1456–76), the Jaunpur army was perhaps the biggest in India, and Husain decided to attempt a conquest of Delhi. However, he was defeated on three successive attempts byBahlul Khan Lodi. It is a dominant trend in modern historiography of the period that this defeat was a cause of a large number of eunuchs in the military ranks. Finally, underSikandar Lodi, the Delhi Sultanate was able to reconquer Jaunpur in 1493, bringing that sultanate to an end.
The Jaunpur Sultanate was a major center ofUrdu andSufi knowledge and culture. The Sharqi dynasty was known for its excellent communal relations betweenMuslims andHindus, perhaps stemming from the fact that the Sharqis themselves were originally indigenous converts to Islam, as opposed to descendants ofPersians orAfghans. Jaunpur's independence came to an end in 1480, when the city was conquered bySikander Lodi, the Sultan ofDelhi. The Sharqi kings attempted for several years to retake the city, but ultimately failed.
Although many of the Sharqi monuments were destroyed when theLodis took the city, several importantmosques remain, most notably theAtala Masjid,Jama Masjid (now known as the Badi (big mosque) Masjid) and theLal Darwaza Masjid. The Jaunpur mosques display a unique architectural style, combining traditional Hindu and Muslim motifs with purely original elements. The old bridge over theGomti River in Jaunpur dates from 1564, the era of theMughalEmperor Akbar. The bridge is still being used for transportation. The Jaunpur Qila, a fortress from theTughlaq era, also remains in good form.
Jaunpur district was annexed intoBritish India based on the Permanent settlement of 1779, and thus was subject to theZamindari system of land revenue collection.
During theRevolt of 1857 theSikh troops in Jaunpur joined the Indian rebels. The district was eventually reconquered for the British byGurkha troops fromNepal. Jaunpur then became a district administrative center. The major rebellion took place in Jaunpur when freedom fighters, led by Pandit Badrinath Tiwari, unfurled national flag at the railway station of Nibhapur. It was marked by a series of government-led suppressions of Pandit Badrinath Tiwari and his fellow freedom fighters throughout the district brave Pandit Ji refused to bow down in front of British atrocities.
Jaunpur is the district headquarters. The district has 2Lok Sabha and 9Vidhan Sabha constituencies.
Jaunpur is located in the eastern part of Uttar Pradesh on the Indo-Gangetic plain. It is located along the Gomti river.
Gomti,Sai,Varuna,Pili Nadi ('yellow rivulet' or 'river'),Mayur andBasuhi are the five local rivers.[10][11] Gujar tal in Jaunpur is the largest lake in Varanasi division. Efforts are being made to develop it as an eco-tourism site.[12]
| Religion | Percent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hinduism | 63.48% | |||
| Islam | 33.28% | |||
| Other or not stated | 3.24% | |||
| Distribution of religions | ||||
As per2011 Indian Census, Jaunpur NPP had population of 180,362 of which male and female were 93,718 and 86,644 respectively, that is a sex ratio of 1024 females per 1000 males. Child population in the age range of 0–6 years was 22,710. The total number of literates in Jaunpur was 128,050, which constituted 71% of the population with male literacy of 75.2% and female literacy of 66.5%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Jaunpur was 81.2%, of which male literacy rate was 86.1% and female literacy rate was 75.9%. TheScheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 12,703 (7.04%) and 195 (0.11%) respectively. There were 26216 households as of 2011.[1]
The largest religion is Hinduism which is followed by 63% of the population. Muslims are a significant minority in the city, followed by 1/3 of the population.
90.86% of the population speaksHindi as their first language. 8.81% of the population speaksUrdu as their first language.[14]
Tourist attractions in Jaunpur include monuments and religious sites.[8]
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Jaunpur has four major railway stations:Jaunpur City Railway Station(JOP) andJaunpur Junction (JNU),Shahganj Junction (SHG),Janghai Junction,Kerakat railway station (KCT).
The nearest airport isLal Bahadur Shastri Airport inVaranasi, which is roughly 39 km (24 mi) from the city.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)"Jaunpur" .Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.
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