Jarwanid dynasty الجروانيون | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1310–1417 | |||||||||
 Area of Jarwanid influence and domains. | |||||||||
| Capital | Qatif | ||||||||
| Common languages | Arabic | ||||||||
| Religion | Muslim,ShiaTwelver | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 1310 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1417 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Saudi Arabia Bahrain Qatar | ||||||||
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TheJarwanid dynasty (Arabic:الجروانيون) was anArab dynasty that ruledEastern Arabia in the 14th century.[1][2]
The Jarwanids belonged to the clan of Bani Malik. It is disputed whether they belonged to theBanu Uqayl—the tribe of their predecessors theUsfurids and their successors theJabrids—or to the BanuAbdul Qays, to whom theUyunid dynasty (1076-1235) belonged.[3] The Jarwanids came to power some time in the 14th century, after expelling the forces of Sa'eed ibn Mughamis, the chief of theMuntafiq tribe based in theIraqi city ofBasrah.
Contemporary sources suchIbn Battuta andIbn Hajar[4] describe the Jarwanids as being "extremeRawafidh," a term forShi'ites who rejected the first threeCaliphs, while a 15th-centurySunni scholar fromEgypt describes them as being "remnants of theQarmatians." HistorianJuan Cole concludes from this that they wereIsma'ilis.[5] However, theTwelver Shi'ite sect was promoted under their rule, and Twelver scholars held the judgeships and other important positions, including the chief of thehisba.[5] Also, unlike under theQarmatians, Islamicprayers were held in the mosques under Jarwanid rule, and prayer was called under the Shi'ite formula. A Twelver scholar of the 14th century, Jamaluddeen Al-Mutawwa', belonged to the house of Jarwan.[5][6] According to Al-Humaydan, who specialized in the history of easternArabia, the Jarwanids were Twelvers, and the term "Qaramita" was used simply as an epithet for "Shi'ite."[7][8]
Jarwanid rule came to an end in the 15th century at the hands of theJabrids, a clan of theBanu UqaylBedouins.
