Jahrom is 170 kilometres (110 mi) southeast ofShiraz, thecapital of Fars province. Jahrom has ahot semi-arid climate, the averagerainfall is about 285 millimetres (11.2 in) per year, and the average temperature is about 20 °C (68 °F).[7] The average height of Jahrom is about 1,050 metres (3,440 ft) above sea level. The majority of people in Jahrom arePersians andShia Muslims.
Jahrom, with several universities, hospitals and medical centers, is one of the academic and medical hubs ofsouthern Iran.[8] Jahrom has two industrial towns, a special economic zone, adry port, apetrochemical plant, aninternational airport, anIRIB center,customs and acombined cycle power plant.[9] Jahrom has specialgovernorate and the municipality of the city is the second municipality in Fars province in terms of history of establishment and degree of municipality after Shiraz.[10][11]
Jahrom's economy is based on agriculture and industry, and its most important agricultural products aredates andcitrus. Jahrom produces 1.2% of the world'sdates and 6% of itscitrus fruits every year.[12][13]Jahrom International Airport serves the city.
There are three theories about the name Jahrom. Based onKar-Namag i Ardashir i Pabagan, in which Jahrom is mentioned as "Zarham"; It is probable that Jahrom means "green space".[14] Based onAhmad Kasravi, the late Iranian historian andphilologist, the name Jahrom can be analyzed to render a "warm-place".[15] Jahrom consists of "Ja" and "Hrom", Ja means "place" and "Hrom" inAvestan means "high and forbidden fortress", which is other name of the city of Barzeh (the currentTakht-e Soleymān) InIranian Azerbaijan, near the city ofMaragheh.
"Green umbrella" is a nickname of Jahrom due to the resemblance of the huge masses ofpalm trees of Jahrom to green umbrellas.[16] "Dar ol-Momenin" is the other nickname which means "house of faithful people" because of high percentage ofIslam believers in the city.
Jahrom is also known as the "City of Sour Gold" due to production oflime and the "Land of Palms and Oranges", which are the two well-known plant species of the city and surrounding areas.[17]
Jahrom's history goes back some 2500 years when theAchaemenids established thePersian Empire. The establishment of the city is attributed toArtaxerxes I of Persia. TheSassanid monument of Qadamgāh is located to the south of the city, experts believe the monument was constructed during the late Sasanian dynastic era (224-651 AD), and it was aZoroastrian shrine, probably a fire temple. Jahrom is the birthplace ofBarbod, who became the mainlyricist and musician in thecourt of the great Sassanid kingKhosrau II (Parviz).
Jahrom wasconquered by the Muslims in 641 or 644 after a fierce battle. "The Valley of the Martyrs" in west of the city was the site of this battle, which is why it is called so. As it is described inFars-Nama, Jahrom's taxes were paid to theCrown Prince during theBuyid period. In the lateSafavid and earlyZand periods, was the start date of planting trees in Jahrom, speciallypalm trees.
During theQajar period, the ruler of this city began to build buildings and places for urban affairs, including the construction of the bazaar, as well as numerouscaravanserais and the development of the city. In 1887,Mohammad Hassan Mirza Mohandes, introduced Jahrom as the largest and most prosperous city in Persia afterShiraz andBushehr. Etemad os-Saltanah describes Jahrom in the lateQajar period a larger city than cities likeQom andKashan.[18] People of Jahrom had an important rule intobacco protests of 1890 andPersian Constitutional Revolution of early 20th century.Abd al-Husayn Najafi Lari was the Islamic leader of the city in this period.
As of 2016[update], Jahrom has a population of 141,634, in 25,946 families. Jahrom is the largest city in the southern half ofFars province, the second one in the whole province, and the 67th most populated city inIran. As of the same year, the city had a population density of 4,754 inhabitants per square kilometre (12,310/sq mi) and +11.38% population growth; whileJahrom County had a population of 228,532 inhabitants; which decreased to 186,269 after the promotion ofKhafr District toKhafr County in 2019.[21]
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 103,023 in 25,946 households.[22] The followingcensus in 2011 counted 114,108 people in 32,766 households.[23] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 141,634 people in 43,349 households.[2]
The main ethnic group in Jahrom consists ofPersians, whileBasseries andArabs constitute small minorities. They had nomadic life and latersedentism.[24] Due to the geographical characteristics of Jahrom, specially good Rangeland for nomads, Jahrom has long been a residing area for these nomadic peoples.
People in Jahrom speakPersian language. They have a special accent which is closely related toMiddle Persian. The most significant sign of Jahromi accent is dropping the last letter in words ending in vowels.[25]
The majority of city areShia Muslims, but there is also a small ImmigrantSunni minority in the city. Religion conversion fromZoroastrianism toIslam occurred after Muslims conquer in 641 or 644 AD. Before that era, Zoroastrianism was the dominant religion of Jahrom as the other parts of the Sassanid Iran. Jahrom also had a smallJewish community all of whom migrated to Shiraz and Israel in the past decades. After the establishment ofBaháʼí Faith in 1863, a significant Baháʼí community formed in Jahrom, some of whom were killed during anti-Baháʼí rebellions and now all of them have migrated.[26][27]
About four-fifths of the area of Jahrom County is mountainous and the rest is consist of plains. The heights are parts ofZagros Mountains. The average height of the city is about 1,050 metres (3,440 ft), the highest point of the county is the "Sepidar peak" between Khafr county andSimkan district which is about 3,170 metres (10,400 ft), and the lowest point is about 850 metres (2,790 ft) in Simkan district. Qare Aghaj, Shoor and Simakan are among the rivers of Jahrom County.[28]Salman Farsi Dam is located 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of Jahrom.
Jahrom has ahot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification:BSh); The average rainfall is about 285 millimetres (11.2 in) per year. The average temperature in this city is about 20 °C (68 °F). The maximum temperature in summer reaches 45 °C (113 °F) and the minimum temperature in winter reaches −5 °C (23 °F).[29]
Jahrom's economic is based on agriculture. there are 350,000palm trees and 5.3 millioncitrus trees in Jahrom which makes Jahrom an agricultural pole inIran. Jahrom produces 1.2% of the world's dates and 6% of its citrus fruits every year.[12][13] Shahani is the most well-known date cultivar of Jahrom. Jahrom is also the biggestCitrus limetta producer of the world.[31]
Jahrom has several factories including flour, dairy, brick, rug, plaster, plastic, jam, lemon juice, macaroni and cake factory. Jahrom is also the citrus sorting hub of Iran.[32]charcoal is also produced in large amounts in Jahrom.[33]
Jahrom has several academic centers and there is about 20,000 students in its universities. The first higher education center in Jahrom was the Teacher Training University, which was established in 1956. The basic sciences school of Jahrom was established in 1973 and the medical school in 1977. Later in 2011 and 2007 they were promoted to Jahrom University and Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. Islamic Azad University of Jahrom was established in 1988 and Payame-Noor university in 1989.[38]
Jahrom with several hospitals and medical centers is a medical hub in Fars province andSouthern Iran. The sterilization center and theCleanroom of the Southern Iran are located in Jahrom. There is also a Health Technology Development Center in the city.[39]
^Jahrom can be found atGEOnet Names Server, atthis link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3067522" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
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