Italo-sudafricani (Italian) | |
|---|---|
| Total population | |
| 77,400 (0.1-2% of South Africa’s population)[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Johannesburg,Umkomaas,Edenvale,Cape Town other main city centres. | |
| Languages | |
| Religion | |
| PredominantlyRoman Catholicism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Italians,Italian Algerians,Italian Angolans,Italian Egyptians,Italian Eritreans,Italian Ethiopians,Italian Libyans,Italian Moroccans,Italian Mozambicans,Italian Somalis,Italian Tunisians,Italian Zimbabweans,Italian Americans,Italian Canadians,Italian British,Italian Australians |
Italian South Africans (Italian:italo-sudafricani) areSouth African-born citizens who are fully or partially ofItalian descent, whose ancestors wereItalians who immigrated to South Africa during theItalian diaspora, or Italian-born people in South Africa. They are primarily descended from Italians who immigrated to South Africa during the late 19th century and early 20th century.
Apart from a few Catholic missionaries,Italian immigration to South Africa was very limited until the end of the 19th century. Some Italian traders, such as Theresa Viglione,[2] were present in small numbers alongside theBoers, when they made theirGreat Trek towards theTransvaal andNatal, but only in the early 20th century did the Italians form a small community of about 5,000 people, concentrated in the major cities of theUnion of South Africa.
In 1900, there were 200 Italians in theCape Colony and before 1910 about 1,200 in the Transvaal which was hugely reduced after the support given byCamillo Ricchiardi'sItalian Volunteer Legion to the Boer insurgents. Many were miners (gold prospectors), traders and builders. However, already in 1915, there were almost 4,000 Italians in all of South Africa, and among them many were professionals such as engineers, doctors and lawyers.[3] Italian immigrants mainly found employment as stonemasons, bricklayers, craftsmen, carpenters, metal workers and railway workers.[4]
DuringFascism there was almost no Italian emigration to South Africa, and at the outbreak ofWorld War II about 800 Italian South Africans were interned for security reasons.[5]
With World War II and Italy's entry into the war against England, it was the beginning of a difficult period for the Italian community in South Africa: in fact, the government of General Smuts allied itself with the British and interned around 800 Italians, with Germans and Afrikaners, in various concentration camps. During the first half of 1941, the first prisoners of war also arrived, the number of which reached 90,000. The huge field that hosted them, Zonderwater (which means "without water"), a real prison-city, still exists and every year, in the month of November, the official ceremony of commemoration of the deceased takes place to honor the over 400 prisoners buried there. At the end of the conflict, from May 1945, the surviving compatriots began to be repatriated but 800 chose to stay and another 20,000 returned.[6]
At the end of the 1940s, many thousands of Italian ex-internees, who had established working relationships with South Africans during their imprisonment, decided to immigrate to South Africa. This was the case of the father of Italian South African runnerMarcello Fiasconaro, an Italian pilot shot down during a bombing inKenya and interned in Zonderwater. Numerous families ofIstrian-Dalmatian exiles reached South Africa.[7]
In the 1950s, the South African government began to favor the immigration of Italians, who settled mainly in theCape Province. Subsequently, with the beginning ofApartheid, a selected flow of Italians was promoted, also with the aim of increasing the white population in South Africa.
In the early 1970s, there were over 40,000 Italians in South Africa, scattered throughout the provinces but concentrated in the main cities. Some of these Italians had taken refuge in South Africa, escaping the decolonization ofRhodesia and other African states.
In the 1990s, a period of crisis began for Italian South Africans and many returned to Europe; however, the majority successfully integrated into the multiracial society of contemporary South Africa.
The Italian community consists of over 77,400 people (0.1–2% of South Africa's population),[1] half of whom have Italian citizenship. Those of Venetian origin number about 5,000, mainly residing inJohannesburg,[8] while the most numerous Italian regional communities are the southern ones. The official Italian registry records 28,059 Italians residing in South Africa in 2007, excluding South Africans with dual citizenship.[9]
The Italian-language press in South Africa essentially consists of three publications:
The most important Italian associations and institutions in South Africa are:
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| Africa |  | |
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| Americas | ||
| Asia | ||
| Europe | ||
| Oceania | ||
| Exodus | ||
| Neighborhoods | ||
