Islamic State – Sinai Province was originally known asAnsar Bait al-Maqdis (ABM) which has been part of theSinai insurgency and has been especially active in the Sinai Peninsula since 2011 after the deterioration of security there, focusing its efforts onIsrael and theArab gas pipeline to Jordan.[11] Egypt began a crackdown on jihadist groups in Sinai and elsewhere.[12] ABM and other jihadist groups intensified their campaign of attacks on Egyptian security forces.
During 2014, Ansar Bait al-Maqdis (ABM) sent emissaries to IS in Syria to seek financial support, weapons and tactical advice.[13] On 10 November 2014, many members of ABM took anoath of allegiance toAbu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the leader of IS.[14][15] It adopted the name Sinai Province and has since carried out attacks, mostly in North Sinai, but also in other parts of Egypt.[3] Security officials say militants based in Libya have established ties with Sinai Province.[16] On 13 November 2014, ABM dissolved its loyalty toAl-Qaeda and pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the leader of the Islamic State (IS), and adopted the nameSinai Province (Wilayah Sīnāʼ) claiming to be a branch of IS.[3][17]
It was believed thatAbu Osama al-Masri was leader of IS-SP from August 2016 until his death in June 2018, but not much other personal information is available. In March 2021, it was reported that another IS-SP leader, Salim Salma Said Mahmoud al-Hamadin, was killed during clashes with Egyptian and Bedouin forces near Al-Barth, south of Rafah.[18]
The group has killed thousands of Egyptian security personnel.[19]
Anedoctal evidence suggests that the group finances its activities by smuggling goods between the Sinai and Gaza. The group has also smuggled weapons fromLibya into Sinai.[20]
On 1 July 2015, the group launched alarge scale assault in and around the Sinai town ofSheikh Zuweid, eventually being driven back by Egyptian security forces after at least 100 militants and 17 soldiers were killed in the fighting.[21] According to Brian Fishman of theNew America Foundation, the tactics used by the attackers - suicide bombers backed up by direct and indirect fire, mortar fire in combination with small arms, and simultaneous assaults in multiple locations — suggested a transfer of knowledge from IS fighters in Iraq and Syria.[22]
The group claimed to have shot threeGrad rockets on 3 July 2015 from Sinai to southern Israel near theGaza Strip. Two rocket hits were confirmed inEshkol, which did not result in any injury or property damage.[23] Israel did not respond to the attack.
On 16 July 2015, the group claimed responsibility for a rocket attack on an Egyptian Navy patrol boat on the north coast of Sinai, close to the Gaza Strip.[24]
The group claimed responsibility for bringing down Russian aircraftMetrojet Flight 9268, carrying 224 passengers. It was flying toSaint Petersburg fromSharm el-Sheikh on 31 October 2015, when it broke up over Hasna (Egypt), killing all on board.[26] Data obtained from the airplaneblack boxes gives credence to the theory that there was a bomb attack.[27] On 17 November 2015, Russian PresidentVladimir Putin confirmed that a bomb attack brought down the aircraft.[28]
One of the group's leaders, Ashraf Ali Hassanein Gharabali, was shot and killed in a shoot-out with Egyptian security forces in Cairo on 10 November 2015. The Egyptian Interior Ministry linked Gharabali to a string of attacks including an assassination attempt on the Interior Minister.[29][30]
The group claimed responsibility for an attack on theArab gas pipeline on 7 January 2016.[31]
In December 2016, the group revealed the name of its governor orwali (leader) to be Abu Hajar al-Hashemi.[32][33]
In February 2017, IS-linked operatives launched four Grad rockets from Egyptian territory in Sinai peninsula on the Israeli southernmost city ofEilat, prompting the IsraeliIron Dome system to intercept three of the rockets, with no physical casualties or damage reported, though 11 civilians were brought to hospital to be treated for shock.[34]
In March 2017, the group released a video[35] titled "The Light of the Islamic Law", in which they were shown blowing up Egyptian patrols, destroying TV sets, desecrating and detonating graves, executing prisoners and captured Egyptian soldiers, and beheading two old men (one an elder who voiced opposition to IS, and the other a street magician performer).
It was reported on 21 April 2017 that an Egyptian air raid killed 19 IS fighters, including three unnamed leaders.[36]
On July 7, IS-Sinai Province militants encircled and ambushed an Egyptian military base in Rafah known as el Barth, 20 Egyptian troops were killed (including colonelAhmed Mansi) and 3 others wounded. 46 IS-Sinai province militants were killed with the loss of 6 vehicles. Most of the base was demolished after a suicidal car bomb.[citation needed]
On 24 November 2017, In theBir al-Abed attack jihadists killed 311 people and injured at least 122.[37]
On 19 December 2017, one officer was killed and two were injured in a failed assassination attempt on the Minister of InteriorMagdi Abdel-Ghaffar and the minister of defenseSedki Sobhy.[38]
In January 2018, IS-Sinai released a video which showed the execution of an accused Hamas smuggler for smuggling weapons to Hamas’ Izz al-Din al‑Qassam Brigades.
From 2018 to 2020, 840 militants were killed by Egyptian Security Forces who lost 67 soldiers in return. In March 2020, Egyptian forces managed to kill Abu Fares Al-Ansari, a commander of Ansar Bait al-Maqdis, in Al Ajra' area south of Rafah.
On 1 May 2020, IS claimed responsibility via its Amaq News Agency for a bombing that killed and wounded several Egyptian Army personnel near the city of Bir al-Abd in North Sinai Governorate. In retaliation, Egyptian police managed to kill 18 extremist militants in a raid in northern Sinai Peninsula.
On 21 July 2020, IS captured five villages in Sinai west of Bir al-Abd.
In August 2022, videos and photographs were circulated over social media, showing how the army-affiliated militias executed three shackled or wounded men in custody. The executions were extrajudicial.Human Rights Watch called for the Egyptian authorities to immediately open a “transparent and impartial investigation” into the violations.[42]
On November 18, 2022, dozens of IS fighters clashed with the Egyptian army on a government building in Al-Ismailia, in which resulted in killing and wounding 6 members of the Egyptian army and an airstrike on IS fighters.[43]
On December 1, 2022, IS soldiers killed and wounded 6 members of the Egyptian police in Al-Ismailia governorate.
On December 31, 2022, two gunmen killed and wounded 15 of the Egyptian police in Al-Ismailia governorate.[44]
Islamic State
United States[9]
