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Help:IPA/Sicilian

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
<Help:IPA
This is thepronunciation key forIPA transcriptions of Sicilian on Wikipedia.
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Sicilian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishingconsensus on thetalk page first.
For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Sicilian

The charts below show how theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) representsSicilian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, seeTemplate:IPA andWikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

SeeSicilian orthography for a more thorough look at the sounds of Sicilian.

Consonants[1]
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
bbancheri, abbentu, campu[2][3]bike
cchiancheri,cchiù,chiḍḍu[3]askew
çciumi,çiuçiari,xurihuge
ddenti, sarda, addumannari[3][4]done (with the tongue touching the teeth)
dzcunzigghiu, panza, nsicilianu[3][5]dads
dʒGiappuni, lèggiri, manciari[2][3]jab
ɖbeḍḍu, cavaḍḍu, nuđđu,dragunara, cuntrariu[2][3]done (Indian English)
ffigghiu, cufuruna, nfamia[3]fast
ɡ (ɡ)[6]aggrancari,gula, jancu[3][7][8]gas
ɟfigghia, àghiru,gherciu, trijorna, jìnchiri[7][8][9]Montague
kcanigghia, accussì,quarru, muncu[3]scar
lvalanza, còlliralet
mmèttiri, lemmu[10]mother
ɱnfarrainari,nvernu[10]symphony
nnovu, cunnùciri,nzèmmula[10]nice
ŋloncu,ngrisi, sangu[8][10]singing
ɳlandreḍḍu, contra[10]roughly like corndog
ɲlagnusìa,gnuranti,nchiostru[2][8][10]roughly like canyon
ptuppu,pirchì, sìmprici[3]spin
rrùmpiri, parrata[2][11]trilled r or leisure
ɾcornu, ludenti[4][11]atom (American English)
ɽàutri, mandracchiu[11]try
ssugnu,spiari, cassulari[5]sorry
ʂstrata, mastru[5][12]shred
ʃcascia, pisci,scena[2][5][13]ship
ttanticchia, stritta, muntunarìa[3]star (with the tongue touching the teeth)
tszappagghiuni, pizzulari, canzuna, nsicilianu[2][3][5]cats
tʃpacenzia, vucceri, canciamentu[3][13]clentchor clash
ʈàutri, quatratu, cuntrariu[3]stray (Indian English)
vvucca, aviri, avvucatu, nfamia[3]vent
zsbagghiu,sdisinnata, rosmarina[5]zest
Semivowels
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
jjinnaru, lujornu, pajari, piaciri[7][9]you
wquannu, acqua, guadagnuwine
 
Vowels
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
Stressed vowels[14]
asquatra, càdiri, citàfather
ɛbeni, tèniri, cafèbed
istidda, arrìmula, ripitìsee
ɔsonu, vòmmira, masinnòoff
uzùccuru, curnutu, nacchiùtool
Unstressed vowels
asquatra,avirigrandma
ɪcàdiri, fitusubitter
ʊcurnutu, càudupull
Dialectal vowels
e(Salentino) càdiri, gammali[15]bay
 
Suprasegmentals
IPAExamplesExplanation
ˈcapiḍḍu[kaˈpiɖɖʊ]primary stress
ˌsuttasupra[ˌsuttaˈsuːpɾa]secondary stress
.triangulari[ʈɽɪ.aŋŋʊˈlaːɾɪ]syllable break
ːpirtusu[pɪɾˈtuːsʊ]long vowel[16]

Notes

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  1. ^If a consonant is doubled after a vowel, it isgeminated. InIPA, gemination can be represented either by doubling the consonant (fattu[ˈfattʊ],mezzu[ˈmɛttsʊ]) or by the length marker ⟨ː⟩. Sicilian, like standardItalian, also has a sandhi phenomenon calledsyntactic gemination, generally not represented graphically: e.g.èloncu[ˌɛlˈlɔŋkʊ].
  2. ^abcdefg/b/,/dʒ/,/ɖ/,/ɲ/,/r/,/ʃ/ and/ts/ are alwaysgeminated after a vowel, before a vowel or a semivowel.
  3. ^abcdefghijklmnoIn a few (but not all) dialects,/p/,/t/,/ts/,/tʃ/,/ʈ/,/k/,/c/ and for some even/f/, when preceded by a nasal, may be replaced by their voiced counterparts[b],[d],[dz],[dʒ],[ɖ],[ɡ],[ɟ],[v].
  4. ^abThe common realization of vowel-following single/d/ is[ɾ].
  5. ^abcdef⟨s⟩ may be rendered as[ʃ] before voiceless consonants,[ʒ] before voiced or nasal consonants, and is always[ts]~[dz] after a nasal; it merges with following/ʈ(ɽ)/ giving[ʂː] (e.g.finestra[fɪˈnɛʂː(ɽ)a]).
  6. ^If the two characters ⟨ɡ⟩ and⟨⟩ do not match and if the first looks like a ⟨γ⟩, there is a default font. SeeHelp:IPA § Rendering issues.
  7. ^abcWhen not geminated nor preceded by a consonant,/ɡ/ and/ɟ/ may also be realized as[ɣ] /[j], respectively, or dropped.
  8. ^abcdAfter⟨n⟩,/ɡ/ and/ɟ/ might nasalize to[ŋ] /[ɲ], respectively (e.g.lingua[ˈliŋŋwa]).
  9. ^abWhen/j/ is geminated or preceded by a nasal it is replaced by[ɟ] (e.g.un jencu[uɲˈɟɛŋkʊ]~[uɲˈɲɛŋkʊ]).
  10. ^abcdefNasals alwaysassimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Thus, then in/nk/~/nɡ/ is a velar[ŋ], the one in/nc/~/nɟ/~/nɲ/ is a palatal[ɲ], the one in/nʈ/~/nɖ/ is a retroflex[ɳ] and the one in/nf/~/nv/ is a labiodental[ɱ] (with/nv/ also realized as[ɱː]). A nasal before/p/,/b/ and/m/ is a bilabial[m].
  11. ^abc⟨r⟩ has a variety of realizations, the most common of which are:[ɾ] if single, though usually[ɽ] after⟨d⟩ /⟨t⟩ (or even[ʐ] /[ʂ], respectively);[rː] or[ʐː] if geminated. At the beginning of a word it is always geminated.
  12. ^Always geminated.
  13. ^abWhen not geminated nor following another consonant,/tʃ/ tends to be pronounced[ʃ].
  14. ^In unstressed positions, the mid and close front vowels/ɛ/ and/i/ are neutralized as[ɪ], but their back counterparts/ɔ/ and/u/ are neutralized as[ʊ]. However, in recent borrowings (mostly fromItalian) and in certain compounds,/ɛ/ and/ɔ/ may appear even in unstressed positions (e.g.ristoranti[rɪstɔˈɾantɪ],comegghiè[kɔmɛɟˈɟɛ]). The open/a/ occurs in all positions.
  15. ^Salentino contrasts unstressed/ɪ/ and/e/. A good illustration is the wordgammali "boot", which in Salentino is pronounced[kamˈbaːle] in the singular and[kamˈbaːlɪ] in the plural but is[ɡamˈmaːlɪ] for both forms in other places.
  16. ^Vowels arelong when stressed in non-final open syllables:vèniri[ˈvɛːnɪɾɪ] ~vènniri[ˈvɛnnɪɾɪ], or when they are the result of phonetic mergers, in which case they are spelled with acircumflex:nta lu =ntô,pi lu =pû.

See also

[edit]

External links

[edit]
Comparisons
Introductory guides
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