| Hack Wilson | |
|---|---|
.png) | |
| Outfielder | |
| Born:(1900-04-26)April 26, 1900 Ellwood City, Pennsylvania, U.S. | |
| Died: November 23, 1948(1948-11-23) (aged 48) Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. | |
Batted: Right Threw: Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| September 29, 1923, for the New York Giants | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| August 25, 1934, for the Philadelphia Phillies | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .307 |
| Home runs | 244 |
| Runs batted in | 1,063 |
Stats atBaseball Reference  | |
| Teams | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
| |
| Member of the National | |
 Baseball Hall of Fame | |
| Induction | 1979 |
| Election method | Veterans Committee |
Lewis Robert "Hack"Wilson (April 26, 1900 – November 23, 1948) was an AmericanMajor League Baseball player who played 12 seasons for theNew York Giants,Chicago Cubs,Brooklyn Dodgers andPhiladelphia Phillies.[1] Despite his diminutive stature, he was one of the most accomplished power hitters in the game during the late 1920s and early 1930s.[2] His 1930 season with the Cubs is widely considered one of the most memorable individual single-season hitting performances in baseball history. Highlights included 56home runs, theNational League record for 68 years, and 191runs batted in, an MLB record yet to be approached; the closest any player has come to having that many RBIs came in the very next season, whenLou Gehrighad 185 for theNew York Yankees. "For a brief span of a few years," wrote a sportswriter of the day, "this hammered down little strongman actually rivaled the mightyRuth."[3]
While Wilson's combativeness and excessive alcohol consumption made him one of the most colorful sports personalities of his era,[4] his drinking and fighting undoubtedly contributed to a premature end to his athletic career and, ultimately, his premature death.[5][6] He was inducted into theBaseball Hall of Fame in1979.[7]
Lewis Robert Wilson was born April 26, 1900, in thePennsylvania steel mill town ofEllwood City, north ofPittsburgh.[8] His mother, Jennie Kaughn, 16, was an unemployed drifter fromPhiladelphia; his father, Robert Wilson, 24, was a steel worker. His parents never married; both were heavy drinkers, and in 1907 his mother died ofappendicitis at the age of 24.[9]
In 1916, Wilson left school to take a job at a locomotive factory, swinging a sledge hammer for four dollars a week.[2] Although only 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) tall, he weighed 195 lb (88 kg) with an 18-inch neck, and feet that fit into size5+1⁄2 shoes. SportswriterShirley Povich later observed that he was "built along the lines of a beer keg, and was not wholly unfamiliar with its contents."[10] While his unusual physique was considered an oddity at the time,[11] his large head, tiny feet, short legs, and broad, flat face are now recognized as hallmarks offetal alcohol syndrome.[12][13]
In 1921, Wilson moved toMartinsburg, West Virginia, to join theMartinsburg Mountaineers of the Class "D"Blue Ridge League.[14] After breaking his leg while sliding intohome plate during his first professional game, he was moved from the catcher's position to the outfield.[15] In 1922, he met Virginia Riddleburger, a 34-year-old office clerk; they married the following year.[16] In 1923, playing for the "B" divisionPortsmouth Truckers, he led theVirginia League in hitting with a .388batting average.[14][17] Late in the season,New York Giants managerJohn McGraw purchased his contract from Portsmouth for $10,500 (equivalent to $576,000 in 2024).[1]
Wilson made his major league debut with the Giants on September 29, 1923, at the age of 23, and became the startingleft fielder the following season.[18] By mid-July he was ranked second in theNational League (NL) in hitting.[19] He ended the season with a .295 average, 10home runs, and 57runs batted in (RBIs) as New York won the NLpennant.[1] In the1924 World Series he averaged only .233 in a seven-game loss to theWashington Senators.[20]
Multiple stories exist to explain the origin of Wilson's nickname. By one account, a New York newspaper held a nicknaming contest; the winning entry was "Hack" because he reminded many fans of another stocky athlete, the popular wrestlerGeorg Hackenschmidt.[2] In another version, McGraw is said to have remarked that Wilson's physique was reminiscent of a "hack" (slang fortaxicab in that era). Giants teammateBill Cunningham claimed that the nickname was based on Wilson's resemblance toHack Miller, an outfielder with the Chicago Cubs. TheNew York Times printed the first documented usage of "Hack" on June 10, 1924.[21]
Early in the1925 season, Wilson hit the longest home run on record atEbbets Field against theBrooklyn Robins,[22] but fell into a slump in May, and was replaced in left field byIrish Meusel.[23] On July 2, Wilson hit two home runs in oneinning, tyingKen Williams' major league record set in 1922,[24] but his hitting slump continued. In August, McGraw told reporters that he had "... made the mistake of rushing [Wilson] along,"[25] and sent him to the Giants' minor league affiliate, theToledo Mud Hens of theAmerican Association. At season's end, a front office oversight — or possibly, deliberate inaction[26] — left him unprotected on the Toledo roster, and the last-place Chicago Cubs acquired him onwaivers.[27] "They let go the best outfielder I ever played alongside," said Giants right fielderRoss Youngs, "and they're going to regret it."[28]
During the1925 World Series, Wilson's son, Robert, was born.[29]
Wilson regained his form as the Cubs'center fielder in1926, and he quickly became a favorite of Chicago fans.[30] On May 24, he hit the center field scoreboard with one of the longest home runs inWrigley Field history as the Cubs came from behind to defeat theBoston Braves.[31] Later that evening, he made news again when he was arrested during a police raid of aProhibition-eraspeakeasy while trying to escape through the rear window[32] and was fined $1 (equivalent to $18 in 2024).[33] He ended the season with a league-leading 21 home runs along with 36doubles, 109 RBIs, a .321 batting average, and a .406on-base percentage.[1] The Cubs improved to fourth place, and Wilson ended the year ranked fifth in voting for the NL'sMost Valuable Player (MVP) Award.[34]
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Another strong performance followed in1927 as Wilson once again led the league in home runs. Although the Cubs were in first place heading into the final month of the season, the team faltered and again finished fourth.[35] Wilson posted a .318 average with 30 home runs and 129 RBIs[1] and led NL outfielders with 400putouts.[36] He led the NL in home runs for a third consecutive year in1928 with 31, along with 120 RBIs and a .313 average as the Cubs improved to third place.[1]
Wilson had a combative streak and sometimes initiated fights with opposing players and fans. On June 22, 1928, a near-riot broke out in the ninth inning at Wrigley Field against theSt. Louis Cardinals when Wilson jumped into the box seats to attack a heckling fan.[37] An estimated 5,000 spectators swarmed the field before police could separate the combatants and restore order.[37] The fan sued Wilson for $20,000, but a jury ruled in Wilson's favor.[38] The following year, Wilson took offense at a remark byCincinnati RedspitcherRay Kolp, and — upon reachingfirst base after hitting asingle — he charged into the Reds dugout, punching Kolp several times before they could be separated.[39] Later that evening at the train station, Wilson exchanged words and blows with Cincinnati pitcherPete Donohue.[39] In late 1929, he signed a contract to fightArt Shires of theChicago White Sox in a boxing match,[40] but reneged after Cubs presidentWilliam Veeck, Sr. enlisted Wilson's wife Virginia to dissuade him,[41] and then Shires lost a fight toGeorge Trafton of theChicago Bears. There was nothing to gain, Wilson said, by fighting a defeated boxer.[42]
Wilson's "penchant for festivities" is also well documented. Biographer Clifton Blue Parker described him as "... theRoaring '20s epitome of a baseball player, primed for an age of American excess ... at a time when baseball was America's favorite sport."[43] His love of drinking and partying did not endear him to Cubs ownerWilliam Wrigley, who abhorred alcohol consumption. (Wilson always insisted that he never played drunk; "hung over, yes; drunk, no."[33]) ManagerJoe McCarthy worked hard to shield Wilson from Wrigley and to keep him on an even keel. "Better than any other manager," wrote sportswriterFrank Graham, "Joe understood Hack, made allowances for him when he failed, and rewarded him with praise when he did well. Joe could be strict and stern with his players ... but he never was with Hack, and Hack repaid him by playing as he never had before, nor would again."[44]
In1929, Wilson hit .345 with 39 home runs and a league-record 159 RBIs.[1][2] He and new teammateRogers Hornsby (who also contributed 39 home runs) led the Cubs to their first NL pennant in 11 years. In theWorld Series againstConnie Mack'sPhiladelphia Athletics, Wilson's .471 hitting performance was eclipsed by two fieldingerrors atShibe Park. Though trailing the Series two games to one, the Cubs were leading by a score of 8–0 in the fourth game when the Athletics mounted a 10-run rally in the seventh inning. Wilson lost two fly balls in the sun; the second, with two runners on base, led to aninside-the-park home run byMule Haas as the Athletics won 10–8.[45][46] After the game, McCarthy reportedly told a boy asking for a souvenir baseball, "Come back tomorrow and stand behind Wilson, and you'll be able to pick up all the balls you want!"[47][48] The Athletics won again the next day to take the Series in five games.[49]
Wilson's1930 season, aided by a lively ball wound with special Australian wool, is considered one of the best single-season hitting performances in baseball history.[2][50] By the middle of July, he had accumulated 82 RBIs. In August, he hit 13 home runs and 53 RBIs, and by September 17 he had reached 174 RBIs, breakingLou Gehrig's major league record established three years earlier.[2] He finished the season with 190 RBIs, along with a then-NL-record 56 home runs, .356 batting average, .454 on-base percentage, and league-leading .723slugging percentage.[1] He was unofficially voted the NL's most "useful" player by theBaseball Writers' Association of America (which did not inaugurate its official MVP award until 1931).[51]
In 1999, theCommissioner of Baseball officially increased Wilson's 1930 RBI total to 191 after abox score analysis by baseball historianJerome Holtzman revealed thatCharlie Grimm had been mistakenly credited with an RBI actually driven home by Wilson during the second game of a doubleheader on July 28.[52] Wilson's 191 RBIs remains one of baseball's most enduring records; only Gehrig (185) andHank Greenberg (184) ever came close, and there have been no serious challenges in the last 85 years. (The best effort since 1938 was 165 byManny Ramirez in 1999.)[53]
Reds catcherClyde Sukeforth asserted that Wilson should have been credited with an additional home run in 1930 as well. "He hit one in Cincinnati one day," he said, "way up in the seats, hit it so hard that it bounced right back onto the field. The umpire had a bad angle on it and ruled that it had hit the screen and bounced back. I was sitting in the Cincinnati bullpen, and of course, we weren't going to say anything. But Hack really hit 57 that year."[54] Wilson's official total of 56 stood as the NL record until the 1998 season, when it was broken bySammy Sosa (66) andMark McGwire (70).[55]
Wilson's success in the 1930 season served only to fuel his drinking habits, and in1931 he reported tospring training 20 pounds overweight.[2] In addition, the NL responded to the prodigious offensive statistics of the previous year (the only season, other than 1894, in which the league as a whole batted over .300[56]) by introducing a heavier ball with raised stitching to allow pitchers to gain a better grip and throw sharpercurveballs.[57] Wilson complained that the new Cubs manager, Hornsby, did not allow him to "swing away" as much as Joe McCarthy had.[58] He hit his 200th career home run — only the fourth player ever to do so, behind Ruth,Cy Williams, and Hornsby[59] — at Ebbets Field on June 18, but then fell into a protracted slump, and was benched in late May.[60] By late August, Wrigley publicly expressed his desire to trade Wilson.[61] On September 6, he was suspended without pay for the remainder of the season after a fight with reporters aboard a train in Cincinnati.[62] He was hitting .261 with only 13 home runs (his 1930 production during August alone) at the time.[1]
In December 1931, the Cubs traded Wilson, along withBud Teachout, to theSt. Louis Cardinals forBurleigh Grimes.[1] Less than a month later, the Cardinals sent him to theBrooklyn Dodgers for minor league outfielder Bob Parham and $25,000 (equivalent to $576,000 in 2024).[1] Wilson hit .297 with 23 home runs and 123 RBIs for Brooklyn in1932. He began1933 with a ninth-inning game-winningpinch-hit inside-the-parkgrand slam home run at Ebbets Field—the first pinch-hit grand slam in Dodger history, and only the third inside-the-park pinch-hit grand slam in MLB history.[63] By season's end, his offensive totals had dropped substantially, and he was hitting .262 when the Dodgers released him mid-season in1934.[1][64] ThePhiladelphia Phillies signed him immediately, but after just two hits in 20at-bats, he was released again a month later.[65] After a final season with theAlbany Senators of theClass ANew York–Pennsylvania League, Wilson retired at the age of 35.[14]
In a 12-year major league career, Wilson played in 1,348 games and accumulated 1,461hits in 4,760 at-bats for a .307 career batting average and a .395 on-base percentage. He hit 244 home runs and batted in 1,063 runs, led the NL in home runs four times, and surpassed 100 RBIs six times. Defensively, he finished his career with a .965fielding percentage.[1] For players 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) or shorter, he had the most home runs for any player in major league history (starting in 1927) until he was passed byJose Altuve in 2025.[66][67]
Wilson returned to Martinsburg where he opened a pool hall but encountered financial problems due to a failed sporting goods business venture and then a rancorous divorce from Virginia.[2][68] By 1938, he was working as a bartender near Brooklyn's Ebbets Field, where he sang for drinks. He had to quit when customers became too abusive.[69] A night club venture in suburban Chicago was another financial failure.[70] In 1944, he took a job as a goodwill ambassador for a professional basketball team in Washington, D.C., where he lamented that fans remembered his two dropped fly balls in the 1929 World Series far more vividly than his 56 home runs and 191 RBIs in 1930.[71] Unable to find work in professional baseball, he moved to Baltimore where he worked as a tool checker in an airplane manufacturing plant and later as a laborer for the City of Baltimore. When municipal authorities realized who he was, he was made the manager of a city swimming pool.[72]
On October 4, 1948, Wilson was discovered unconscious after a fall in his home.[73] Though the accident did not appear serious at first,pneumonia and other complications developed and he died of internalhemorrhaging on November 23, 1948, at the age of 48.[4]
Wilson — once the highest-paid player in the National League[74] — died penniless; his son, Robert, refused to claim his remains. NL PresidentFord Frick finally sent money to cover his funeral expenses.[75][76] His gray burial suit was donated by the undertaker.[74] In marked contrast toBabe Ruth's funeral, which had been attended by thousands just three months earlier, only a few hundred people were present for Wilson's services.[77] He was buried in Rosedale Cemetery in the town where he made his professional playing debut, Martinsburg, West Virginia.[77]
Ten months later, Joe McCarthy organized a second, more complete memorial service, attended byKiki Cuyler, Charlie Grimm,Nick Altrock and other players from the Cubs and the Martinsburg team (by then renamed theBlue Sox). A granite tombstone was unveiled, with the inscription, "One of Baseball's Immortals, Lewis R. (Hack) Wilson, Rests Here."[78][79]
One week before his death, Wilson gave an interview toCBS Radio which was reprinted in Chicago newspapers. In 1949, Charlie Grimm, the Cubs' new manager, posted a framed excerpt from that interview in the Cubs' clubhouse, where it remains.[3] It reads, in part:
Talent isn't enough. You need common sense and good advice. If anyone tries to tell you different, tell them the story of Hack Wilson. ... There are kids in and out of baseball who think because they have talent they have the world by the tail. It isn't so. Kids, don't be too big to accept advice. Don't let what happened to me happen to you.[80]
In 1979, Wilson was inducted into theBaseball Hall of Fame by theVeterans Committee.[81] A Martinsburg street is named Hack Wilson Way in his honor,[82][83] and the access road to a large city park within his hometown, Ellwood City, Pennsylvania, is known as Hack Wilson Drive.[84]
| Preceded by | Hitting for the cycle June 23, 1930 | Succeeded by |
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
