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Guido Buffarini Guidi | |
|---|---|
 Young Guido Buffarini | |
| Minister of the Interior of the Italian Social Republic | |
| In office 23 September 1943 – 21 February 1945 | |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Paolo Zerbino |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 17 August 1895 |
| Died | 10 July 1945 (age 50) |
| Party | National Fascist Party (1921–43) Republican Fascist Party (1943–45) |
| Height | 1.55 m (5 ft 1 in) |
| Education |  University of Pisa |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Kingdom of Italy |
| Branch/service |  Royal Italian Army |
| Years of service | 1914-23 |
| Rank | .svg) Captain |
| Battles/wars | World War I |
Guido Buffarini Guidi (17 August 1895 – 10 July 1945) was an Italian army officer and politician, and was executed for war atrocities during theItalian Civil War in 1945.
Buffarini Guidi was born inPisa in 1895. When Italy enteredWorld War I, he volunteered in an artillery regiment. He was promoted to rank ofcaptain in 1917, and remained on active duty in theItalian Army until 1923 – in the meantime, he earned hisbachelor's degree in law from theUniversity of Pisa in March 1920.
After leaving the army, with the rank oflieutenant colonel, he became active in Fascist circles, and joined theNational Fascist Party (PNF). A mayor of Pisa in April 1923, Buffarini Guidi headed the local Party hierarchy from 1924 (his notoriety being increased by his career as a lawyer). He rose to become honoraryConsul of the MVSNBlackshirts - the voluntarymilitia after theMarch on Rome.
In May 1933, he was appointed to be Undersecretary Minister of Interior, and forged an alliance withGaleazzo Ciano - opposing the Partybureaucracy, creating several secret services, and attempting to lessen the effects ofAntisemitic legislation passed by the regime. Nevertheless, (and unlike Ciano), on25 July 1943, Buffarini Guidi voted in favor ofBenito Mussolini duringDino Grandi's attempt to have the latter deposed and get Italy to sign a peace with theAllies. As a reward, afterNazi Germany intervened and rescued Mussolini in September, Guido Buffarini Guidi was appointed Minister of the Interior of the newItalian Social Republic (established by Nazis in Northern Italy). Seen as extremely avaricious, he was distrusted even by most of his cabinet colleagues.
Near the end of the Republic's life, in February 1945, Mussolini dismissed Buffarini Guidi from office. After a failed attempt to escape toSwitzerland, he was arrested by thepartisans on 26 April. Like any other Italian Fascist prosecuted for engaging in the Italian Civil War, he was tried under Italian law since thelaws of war at the time had no provisions dealing with non-international armed conflict (NIAC).[1] He was sentenced to death for atrocities committed in the Italian Civil War by an Extraordinary Court of Justice in Milan. He was executed by firing squad on 10 July, having tried (likeFrench collaboratorPierre Laval) and survived a suicide attempt while in captivity.
While in prison, Guidi offered to reveal to the Allies compromising letters exchanged between Churchill and Mussolini during the war in exchange for his release; he was unsuccessful.
In the 1973 filmMassacre in Rome, Guido Guidi is portrayed by Italian actorGuidarino Guidi.
Italian-on-Italian crimes were not war crimes nor pursued as crimes against humanity under theNuremberg statute andAllied Control Council Law No. 10. American and British authorities did not see Italian fascism as nearly as objectionable as German Nazism and also feared the Italian Communist Party. They did not request extradition of Italian nationals accused of such crimes and left the prosecution up to the Italian government.
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