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| Gorgotoqui | |
|---|---|
| (unattested) | |
| Native to | easternBolivia |
| Region | Chiquitania |
| Extinct | 17th century |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
0is | |
| Glottolog | None |
Gorgotoqui is anextinct and undocumented language of theChiquitania region of the easternBolivian lowlands. It may have been aBororoan language.[1]
Alternate spellings includeBorogotoqui, Brotoqui, Corocoqui, Corocotoqui, Corocotoquy, Corogotoqui, Corotoque, Gorgotaci, Gorgotoci, Gorgotoquci, Gorogotoqui, Guorcocoqui, Jorocotoqui, Korchkoki, Orotocoqui.[2]: 22
During the period of theJesuit missions to Chiquitos, Gorgotoqui was the most populous language in the area. It became alingua franca and the sole language of the Jesuit missions (ICOMOS 1990:59). A Jesuit priest, Kaspar Rueß (Spanish: Gaspar Ruíz), 11 November 1585, Haunstadt,Bavaria – 12 April 1624,Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia (O'Neill & María 2001:3432; Huonder 1899:121) wrote a grammar, but no-one has been able to locate it "in recent years" (Adelaar & Muysken 2004:32), and no other documentation has survived. Thus a language that was regionally important during the colonial era disappeared under pressure from more successful indigenous peoples (Adelaar 2007:326); this appears to have occurred in under half a century (Alarcón 2001:101).
Loukotka (1968) classified Gorgotoqui as alanguage isolate, but Kaufman (1990) left itunclassified because of a lack of data. Several languages of the missions "had nothing in common" according to Oliva & Pazos (1895:15).[3]
Combès (2010) suggests that Gorgotoqui may have been aBororoan language.[4] Nikulin (2019) suggests the etymologybarogo- /barəkə-/ ‘animal’ + -doge /-toke/ ‘plural [+animate]’ for the ethnonymGorgotoqui.[2]
Combès (2012) also suggests thatPenoquí was likely a name given to the Gorgotoqui during the 16th century, and that they were related to theOtuqui (Otuke); indeed, the Gorgotoqui may have been Otuqui who had undergone heavyChiquitano cultural influence. The Penoqui and Otuqui both lived in theJesuit Missions of Chiquitos together with theChiquitano.[1]