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Gododdin

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Sub-Roman kingdom of Northern Britain

For the medieval Welsh poem, seeY Gododdin.

Kingdom of Gododdin

circa 4th century

Yr Hen Ogledd (The Old North) c. 550 – c. 650

Common languages

Brythonic

Religion

Celtic Christianity

Government

Monarchy

King

Historical era

Early Middle Ages

• Established

circa 4th century

Preceded by

Succeeded by

	Hen Ogledd
	Votadini

Kingdom of Northumbria

TheGododdin (Welsh pronunciation:[ɡɔˈdɔðɪn]) were aBrittonic people of north-easternBritannia, the area known as theHen Ogledd or Old North (modern south-eastScotland and north-east England), in thesub-Roman period. Descendants of theVotadini, they are best known as the subject of the 6th-centuryWelsh poemY Gododdin, which memorialises theBattle of Catraeth and is attributed toAneirin.

The nameGododdin is theModern Welsh form, but the name appeared inOld Welsh asGuotodin and derived from the tribal nameVotadini recorded in Classical sources, such as inGreek texts from the Roman period.^[1]

Kingdom

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It is not known exactly how far the kingdom of the Gododdin extended, possibly from theStirling area to the kingdom ofBryneich (Bernicia), and including what are now theLothian andBorders regions of easternScotland. It was bounded to the west by the BrittonicKingdom of Strathclyde, and to the north by thePicts. Those living aroundClackmannanshire were known as theManaw Gododdin.^[2]^[3] According to tradition, local kings of this period lived at bothTraprain Law andDin Eidyn (Edinburgh, whose English name is ultimately acalque, with theOld English-burh corresponding to the Welshdin; inScottish Gaelic it is still known asDùn Èideann), and probably also atDin Baer (Dunbar, Scottish GaelicDùn Bàrr). Gododdin included districts such asManaw Gododdin andEidyn south of theFirth of Forth.

Cunedda, legendary founder of theKingdom of Gwynedd in northWales, is supposed to have been a Manaw Gododdin warlord who migrated southwest during the 5th century.^[4]

Later history

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In the 6th century, Bryneich was invaded by theAngles and became known asBernicia. The Angles continued to press north. In around 600 the Gododdin raised a force of about 300 men to assault the Angle stronghold ofCatraeth, perhapsCatterick, North Yorkshire. The battle, which ended disastrously for the Britons, was memorialised in the poemY Gododdin.^[5]

In 638, Eidyn, modern Edinburgh, was under siege and fell to the Angles,^[6] for the Gododdin seem to have come under the rule of Bernicia around this time. To what extent the native population was replaced or assimilated is unknown. Bernicia became part ofNorthumbria.^[7]

Notes

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^Claudius Ptolemaeus, "Geographia" (ca. 2nd century)
^Watson, 1926^{[page needed]}
^Jackson, 1969^{[page needed]}
^Historia Britonum, retrieved 4 April 2009.
^"King Arthur in History".Siân Echard. Department of English Language and Literatures, University of British Columbia. 16 August 2020. Retrieved17 January 2025.
^"The History of Edinburgh Castle".Historic UK. Retrieved17 January 2025.
^"History of Northumberland and Borders".history.earthsci.carleton.ca. Retrieved17 January 2025.

References

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Kenneth H. Jackson (1969).The Gododdin: The Oldest Scottish poem (Edinburgh: University Press) * W.J. Watson (1926, 1986).The History of the Celtic Place-Names of Scotland: being the Rhind lectures on archaeology (expanded) delivered in 1916. (Edinburgh, London: W. Blackwood & Sons, 1926; Edinburgh: Birlinn, 1986, reprint edition).ISBN 1-874744-06-8
W.J. Watson (1926, 1986).The History of the Celtic Place-Names of Scotland: being the Rhind lectures on archaeology (expanded) delivered in 1916. (Edinburgh, London: W. Blackwood & Sons, 1926; Edinburgh: Birlinn, 1986, reprint edition).ISBN 1-874744-06-8
Davies, John. "Dinas Powys, Catraeth, and Llantwit Major."A History of Wales. London: Allen Lane :, 1993. 61–62. Print.
Davies, Norman. "The Germanico-Celtic Isles."The Isles: A History. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999. 165–166, 185–187, 195, 207. Print.

External links

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Skene, William Forbes (1869),The Gododdin Poems, Forgotten Books (published 2007), p. 108,ISBN 1-60506-167-0, retrieved9 August 2008{{citation}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)

v t e TheOld North
Kingdoms or Territories	Alt Clut Bryneich Deifr Elfed Gododdin Rheged
Important Places	Calchfynydd Eidyn Manaw Gododdin Arfderydd Carlisle Catraeth Coed Celyddon Dumbarton Rock Ynys Meddgod
People	Aneirin Cadwallon ap Cadfan Clydno Eiddin Cunedda Coel Hen Saint Kentigern Elffin ap Gwyddno Gwallog ap Llênog Gwenddolau Gwriad ab Elidyr Llywarch Hen Morcant Bulc Myrddin Wyllt Owain ab Urien Pabo Rhydderch Hael Talhaearn Taliesin Urien Gwrgi and Peredur
Literature	Battle of Argoed Llwyfain Battle of Alclud Ford Canu Cadwallon Canu Heledd Canu Llywarch Hen Dinogad's Smock Y Gododdin Gweith Gwen Ystrat Urien Yrechwydd

v t e Scotland in the Middle Ages
Eras	Sub-Roman Early Middle Ages High Middle Ages Late Middle Ages
Early Realms	Alba Bamburgh Bernicia Cat Cé Dál Riata Fortriu Galloway Gododdin Isles Moray Orkney Rhinns Scotland Strathclyde
Topics	Architecture Art Childhood Demography Economy Agriculture Trade Education Geography Government Identity Language Literature Music Religion Society Warfare Women
Events	Christianisation Davidian Revolution Great Cause Wars of Independence First Second Renaissance
Places	Lordship of the Isles Marches The Old North Scandinavian Scotland
Institutions	Court Law Parliament Privy Council
Related articles	History of the British Isles