Fulton County, Indiana | |
|---|---|
 Fulton County Courthouse in Rochester | |
 Location within the U.S. state ofIndiana | |
| Coordinates:41°02′N86°16′W / 41.04°N 86.26°W /41.04; -86.26 | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Indiana |
| Founded | 1836 |
| Named after | Robert Fulton |
| Seat | Rochester |
| Largest city | Rochester |
| Area | |
• Total | 371.26 sq mi (961.6 km2) |
| • Land | 368.39 sq mi (954.1 km2) |
| • Water | 2.88 sq mi (7.5 km2) 0.78% |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 20,480 |
• Estimate (2023) | 20,358 |
| • Density | 55.59/sq mi (21.46/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Congressional district | 2nd |
| Website | www |
| Indiana county number 25 | |
Fulton County is acounty located in theU.S. state ofIndiana. As of 2020[update], the population was 20,480.[1] Thecounty seat isRochester.[2]
The first non-Native Americans to ever set foot in what is now Fulton County, Indiana, were French traders. Few of them remained permanently as year-round residents of the area and by the 1830s there was no French population in what is now Fulton County.[3]
In the 1820s and 1830s, migrants fromNew England began moving to what is now Indiana in large numbers (though there was a trickle of New England settlers who arrived before this date). These were “Yankee” settlers, that is to say they were descended from theEnglishPuritans who settled New England during the colonial era. While most of them came to Indiana directly from New England, there were many who came fromupstate New York. These were people whose parents had moved from New England to upstate New York in the immediate aftermath of theAmerican Revolution. Due to the prevalence of New Englanders and New England transplants from upstate New York, the northern third ofIndiana was very culturally contiguous with early New England culture for much of its early history.[3]
The Yankee migration to Indiana was a result of several factors, one of the overpopulation of New England. The old stock Yankee population had large families, often bearing up to ten children in one household. Most people were expected to have their own piece of land to farm, and due to the massive and nonstop population boom, land in New England became scarce as every son claimed his own farmstead. As a result, there was not enough land for every family to have a self-sustaining farm, and Yankee settlers began leaving New England for theMidwestern United States.[3]
They were aided in this effort by the construction and completion of theErie Canal which made traveling to the region much easier, causing an additional surge in migrants coming from New England. Added to this was the end of theBlack Hawk War, which made the region much safer to travel through and settle in for White settlers.[4]
In the case of Fulton County, there were no attempts by United States settlers to permanently settle the area until the conclusion of theBlackhawk War. Fulton County's first permanent non-Native American settlers arrived in September and October 1832, most of whom came fromNew England though some of whom wereNew England transplants fromupstate New York. Most of Fulton County's New England settlers came fromFranklin County, Massachusetts,Grafton County, New Hampshire andOrange County, Vermont, as well as several farming families fromMaine and the rural northern region of Connecticut. At first, virtually all of these settlers were farmers.[5]
These settlers were primarily members of theCongregational Church, though due to theSecond Great Awakening, many of them had converted toMethodism, and some had becomeBaptists before coming to what is now Cook County. The Congregational Church has subsequently gone through many divisions, and some factions, including those in Cook County, are now known as theChurch of Christ and theUnited Church of Christ.[6]
When the New Englanders arrived, there was nothing but dense virgin forest and wild prairie. They laid out farms, constructed roads, erected government buildings and established post routes. By the spring of 1833 the settlement was a successful and thriving farming community. Rochester was laid out in 1835. The founder Alexander Chamberlain named it for his former hometown ofRochester, New York.[7] The Rochester post office was established in 1836.[8]
Fulton County was formed in 1836. It was named forRobert Fulton, inventor of thesteamboat.[9] Native Americans in the county believed that a terrible monster lived inLake Manitou and for that reason they never lived around the lake. Early settlers called it the Devil's Lake and there were many reported sightings of a monster.[10]
ThePotawatomi Trail of Death came through the town in 1838.[11]
The 178-acre Moore Farm, then located two miles south of Rochester, was purchased in 1871 for use as the Fulton County Poor Farm.[12][13] The County Home was closed on December 31, 1965, and the entire property was sold on December 17, 1966, by the county commissioners to State Senator Robert E. Peterson of Rochester.[13][14]
According to the 2010 census, the county has a total area of 371.26 square miles (961.6 km2), of which 368.39 square miles (954.1 km2) (or 99.23%) is land and 2.88 square miles (7.5 km2) (or 0.78%) is water.[15]
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In recent years, average temperatures in Rochester have ranged from a low of 15 °F (−9 °C) in January to a high of 84 °F (29 °C) in July, although a record low of −25 °F (−32 °C) was recorded in January 1985 and a record high of 103 °F (39 °C) was recorded in July 1980. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 1.74 inches (44 mm) in February to 4.16 inches (106 mm) in May.[16]
The county government is a constitutional body, and is granted specific powers by theConstitution of Indiana, and by theIndiana Code.
County Council: The county council is the legislative branch of the county government and controls all the spending and revenue collection in the county. Representatives are elected from county districts. The council members serve four-year terms. They are responsible for setting salaries, the annual budget, and special spending. The council also has limited authority to impose local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes, and service taxes.[17][18]
Board of Commissioners: The executive body of the county is made of a board of commissioners. The commissioners are elected county-wide, in staggered terms, and each serves a four-year term. One of the commissioners, typically the most senior, serves as president. The commissioners are charged with executing the acts legislated by the council, collecting revenue, and managing the day-to-day functions of the county government.[17][18]
Court: The county maintains asmall claims court that can handle some civil cases. The judge on the court is elected to a term of four years and must be a member of the Indiana Bar Association. The judge is assisted by a constable who is also elected to a four-year term. In some cases, court decisions can be appealed to the state levelcircuit court.[18]
County Officials: The county has several other elected offices, includingsheriff,coroner,auditor,treasurer,recorder,surveyor, and circuitcourt clerk. Each of these elected officers serves a term of four years and oversees a different part of county government. Members elected to county government positions are required to declareparty affiliations and to be residents of the county.[18]
Fulton County is part ofIndiana's 2nd congressional district and in 2015 was represented byJackie Walorski in theUnited States Congress.[19] It is also part ofIndiana Senate district 18;[20] andIndiana House of Representatives districts 16 and 23.[21]
After a stretch of very narrow Democratic Party victories in the last four presidential elections of the 19th century, Fulton County became and has remained a Republican Party stronghold in presidential elections. The only exceptions to this have beenWoodrow Wilson's plurality in 1912 thanks to a divided Republican vote andFranklin D. Roosevelts narrow majority in 1932 in the midst of his national landslide victory. FDR actually lost the county in 1936 even as Indiana as a whole was swept up in his 46-state landslide. The Democrats have only come reasonably close to carrying the county once since then, whenBarry Goldwater won it overLyndon Johnson by only 36 votes. This is one of only four times since 1936 that the Democrats have managed as much as 40 percent of the county's vote.
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 1888 | 2,053 | 47.79% | 2,163 | 50.35% | 80 | 1.86% |
| 1892 | 2,053 | 46.06% | 2,247 | 50.42% | 157 | 3.52% |
| 1896 | 2,349 | 49.00% | 2,409 | 50.25% | 36 | 0.75% |
| 1900 | 2,313 | 48.49% | 2,358 | 49.43% | 99 | 2.08% |
| 1904 | 2,394 | 50.02% | 2,182 | 45.59% | 210 | 4.39% |
| 1908 | 2,426 | 49.34% | 2,350 | 47.79% | 141 | 2.87% |
| 1912 | 1,427 | 32.18% | 2,022 | 45.60% | 985 | 22.21% |
| 1916 | 2,325 | 48.72% | 2,231 | 46.75% | 216 | 4.53% |
| 1920 | 4,618 | 53.99% | 3,602 | 42.11% | 334 | 3.90% |
| 1924 | 4,329 | 55.53% | 3,244 | 41.61% | 223 | 2.86% |
| 1928 | 4,627 | 61.09% | 2,881 | 38.04% | 66 | 0.87% |
| 1932 | 3,787 | 43.42% | 4,794 | 54.96% | 141 | 1.62% |
| 1936 | 4,541 | 50.43% | 4,322 | 48.00% | 141 | 1.57% |
| 1940 | 5,532 | 58.40% | 3,879 | 40.95% | 61 | 0.64% |
| 1944 | 5,190 | 61.28% | 3,201 | 37.80% | 78 | 0.92% |
| 1948 | 4,930 | 58.70% | 3,233 | 38.50% | 235 | 2.80% |
| 1952 | 6,247 | 68.09% | 2,799 | 30.51% | 129 | 1.41% |
| 1956 | 6,258 | 67.59% | 2,945 | 31.81% | 56 | 0.60% |
| 1960 | 6,038 | 66.11% | 3,047 | 33.36% | 48 | 0.53% |
| 1964 | 4,410 | 50.01% | 4,374 | 49.60% | 34 | 0.39% |
| 1968 | 5,145 | 60.72% | 2,561 | 30.22% | 768 | 9.06% |
| 1972 | 6,170 | 73.82% | 2,150 | 25.72% | 38 | 0.45% |
| 1976 | 5,083 | 58.41% | 3,488 | 40.08% | 132 | 1.52% |
| 1980 | 5,458 | 62.53% | 2,788 | 31.94% | 482 | 5.52% |
| 1984 | 6,057 | 70.14% | 2,527 | 29.26% | 51 | 0.59% |
| 1988 | 5,234 | 65.01% | 2,788 | 34.63% | 29 | 0.36% |
| 1992 | 3,982 | 46.70% | 2,552 | 29.93% | 1,993 | 23.37% |
| 1996 | 3,934 | 48.75% | 2,956 | 36.63% | 1,180 | 14.62% |
| 2000 | 5,218 | 62.66% | 2,960 | 35.55% | 149 | 1.79% |
| 2004 | 6,027 | 69.25% | 2,607 | 29.96% | 69 | 0.79% |
| 2008 | 5,147 | 57.15% | 3,702 | 41.11% | 157 | 1.74% |
| 2012 | 5,317 | 65.43% | 2,621 | 32.25% | 188 | 2.31% |
| 2016 | 6,010 | 71.23% | 1,960 | 23.23% | 467 | 5.54% |
| 2020 | 6,694 | 73.18% | 2,280 | 24.93% | 173 | 1.89% |
| 2024 | 6,633 | 74.73% | 2,097 | 23.63% | 146 | 1.64% |
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1840 | 1,993 | — | |
| 1850 | 5,982 | 200.2% | |
| 1860 | 9,422 | 57.5% | |
| 1870 | 12,726 | 35.1% | |
| 1880 | 14,301 | 12.4% | |
| 1890 | 16,746 | 17.1% | |
| 1900 | 17,453 | 4.2% | |
| 1910 | 16,879 | −3.3% | |
| 1920 | 16,478 | −2.4% | |
| 1930 | 15,038 | −8.7% | |
| 1940 | 15,577 | 3.6% | |
| 1950 | 16,565 | 6.3% | |
| 1960 | 16,957 | 2.4% | |
| 1970 | 16,984 | 0.2% | |
| 1980 | 19,335 | 13.8% | |
| 1990 | 18,840 | −2.6% | |
| 2000 | 20,511 | 8.9% | |
| 2010 | 20,836 | 1.6% | |
| 2020 | 20,480 | −1.7% | |
| 2023 (est.) | 20,358 | [23] | −0.6% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[24] 1790-1960[25] 1900-1990[26] 1990-2000[27] 2010[28] | |||
As of the2020 census, the county had a population of 20,480.[29] The median age was 41.9 years. 23.9% of residents were under the age of 18 and 20.1% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 98.8 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 96.6 males age 18 and over.[30]
The racial makeup of the county was 92.0%White, 0.7%Black or African American, 0.4%American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.4%Asian, <0.1%Native Hawaiian andPacific Islander, 1.7% from some other race, and 4.7% fromtwo or more races.Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 5.2% of the population.[29]
35.8% of residents lived in urban areas, while 64.2% lived in rural areas.[31]
There were 8,209 households in the county, of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 51.6% were married-couple households, 17.2% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 23.4% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[30]
There were 9,532 housing units, of which 13.9% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 76.6% were owner-occupied and 23.4% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.6% and the rental vacancy rate was 5.9%.[30]
As of the2010 United States census, there were 20,836 people, 8,237 households, and 5,736 families residing in the county.[32] The population density was 56.6 inhabitants per square mile (21.9/km2). There were 9,708 housing units at an average density of 26.4 per square mile (10.2/km2).[15] The racial makeup of the county was 95.0% white, 0.7% black or African American, 0.5% Asian, 0.5% American Indian, 2.2% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 4.2% of the population.[32] In terms of ancestry, 28.7% wereGerman, 19.0% wereAmerican, 10.9% wereIrish, and 10.0% wereEnglish.[33] Those citing "American" ancestry in Fulton County are of overwhelmingly English extraction, however mostEnglish Americans identify simply as having American ancestry because their roots have been in North America for so long, in some cases since the 1600s.[34][35][36][37][38]
Of the 8,237 households, 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.2% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 30.4% were non-families, and 25.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.97. The median age was 40.3 years.[32]
The median income for a household in the county was $47,697 and the median income for a family was $47,972. Males had a median income of $40,110 versus $28,417 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,119. About 8.5% of families and 11.3% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 15.1% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over.[39]
Public schools in Fulton County are administered by theCaston School Corporation, theRochester Community School Corporation,Culver Community School Corporation, and theTippecanoe Valley School Corporation.
High Schools and Middle Schools
Elementary Schools
Alexander Chamberlain...came here from the area around Rochester, New York...
Places adjacent to Fulton County, Indiana | |
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Municipalities and communities ofFulton County, Indiana,United States | ||
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| Other communities | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
41°02′N86°16′W / 41.04°N 86.26°W /41.04; -86.26
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