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Fudoki (風土記) are ancient reports onprovincial culture, geography, andoral tradition presented to the reigningmonarchs of Japan, also known as localgazetteers. They contain agricultural, geographical, and historical records as well asmythology andfolklore.[1]Fudoki manuscripts also document localmyths,rituals, andpoems that are not mentioned in theKojiki and theNihon Shokichronicles, which are the most important literature of the ancient national mythology and history. In the course ofnational unification, theimperial court enacted a series of criminal and administrative codes calledritsuryō and surveyed the provinces established by such codes to exert greater control over them.[2]
In the narrower sense,Fudoki refer to the oldest records written in theNara period, later called Old-Fudoki (古風土記,Kofudoki). Compilation ofKofudoki began in 713 and was completed over a 20-year period.[1] Following theTaika Reform in 646 and theCode of Taihō enacted in 701, there was need to centralize and solidify the power of the imperial court. This included accounting for lands under its control. According to theShoku Nihongi,Empress Genmei issued a decree in 713 ordering each provincial government (ja:国衙,kokuga) to collect and report the following information:[1][3]
Empress Genmei ordered in 713 thatplace names in the provinces, districts, and townships be written in twokanji characters with positive connotations.[4][1] This occasionally required name changes. For example, Hayatsuhime (速津媛) became Hayami (速見) and Ishinashi no Oki (石無堡) became Ishii (石井).
At least 48 of theGokishichidō provinces contributed to their records but only that ofIzumo remains nearly complete. Partial records ofHizen,Bungo,Harima andHitachi remain and a few passages from various volumes remain scattered throughout various books.[1] Those of Harima and Hizen are designatedNational Treasures.
Below is a list of extant manuscripts and scattered passages.[5][6]
Kinai[edit]
Tōkaidō[edit]
Tōsandō[edit]
| Hokurikudō[edit]
San'indō[edit]
San'yōdō[edit]
| Nankaidō[edit]
Saikaidō[edit]
|
In 1966 theAgency for Cultural Affairs called on the prefectural governments to buildopen-air museums and parks called Fudoki no Oka (風土記の丘,"Fudoki Hills") near historic sites such as tombs (kofun) andprovincial temples.[7] These archaeological museums preserve and exhibit cultural properties to enhance public understanding of provincial history and culture.
{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)| Mythic texts |   | |
|---|---|---|
| Japanese creation myth | ||
| Takamagahara mythology | ||
| Izumo mythology | ||
| Hyūga mythology | ||
| Human age | ||
| Mythological locations | ||
| Mythological weapons | ||
| Major Buddhist figures | ||
| Seven Lucky Gods | ||
| Legendary creatures | ||
| Other | ||