| "Freedom! '90" | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | ||||
| Single byGeorge Michael | ||||
| from the albumListen Without Prejudice Vol. 1 | ||||
| B-side |
| |||
| Written | June 1989[1] | |||
| Released | October 1990 (1990-10) | |||
| Genre | ||||
| Length |
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| Label | Epic | |||
| Songwriter | George Michael | |||
| Producer | George Michael | |||
| George Michael singles chronology | ||||
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| Music video | ||||
| "Freedom! '90" onYouTube | ||||
"Freedom! '90" (also known simply as "Freedom!") is a song written, produced, and performed by English singer-songwriterGeorge Michael, and released in October 1990. The"'90" added to the end of the title is to prevent confusion with a hit by Michael's former bandWham!, also entitled "Freedom". The song's backing beat is a sample fromJames Brown's song "Funky Drummer".[4]
It was the third single taken fromListen Without Prejudice Vol. 1 (1990), though released as the second single from the album in the US and Australia. "Freedom! '90" was one of a few uptempo songs on this album. The song refers to Michael's past success with Wham!, yet also shows a new side of himself as a new man, who is more cynical about the music business than ever before.
Michael refused to appear in the music video for the song, directed byDavid Fincher, and cast a group of supermodels to appear instead. It went into heavy rotation on MTV and was remastered for the 2017 documentary,George Michael: Freedom.[5] On 30 October 2020, it premiered on YouTube in 4K for its 30th anniversary.[6] Michael performed this song, alongside his 2012 single "White Light", during theclosing ceremony of the2012 London Olympics.Rolling Stone placed "Freedom! '90" at number 126 in their list of "500 Best Songs of All Time" in 2021.[7]Billboard ranked it number 39 in their "500 Best Pop Songs of All Time" in 2023.[8]
"Freedom! '90" is 6:30 long, but a shorter version was made available for radio consumption. It was the second US single from the albumListen Without Prejudice Vol. 1, and had contrasting fortunes each side of the Atlantic—it peaked at number 28 on theUK Singles Chart, but was a major success on both the USBillboard Hot 100 and USCash Box Top 100, reaching number 8 and 7 respectively,[9][10] selling over 500,000 copies to earn a Gold certification from theRIAA. In Canada, Michael achieved another chart-topper. As of October 2017, the single sold 83,000 copies in UK.[11]
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By 1990, Michael had become weary of the pressures of fame, telling theLos Angeles Times, "At some point in your career, the situation between yourself and the camera reverses. For a certain number of years, you court it and you need it, but ultimately, it needs you more and it's a bit like a relationship. The minute that happens, it turns you off ... and it does feel like it is taking something from you." Accordingly, he decided not to appear in photo shoots and music videos,[12][13] saying, "I would like to never step in front of a camera again."[13]
Although he later relented and decided to film a video for his new song, he still refused to appear in it. Instead, inspired byPeter Lindbergh's now-iconic portrait ofNaomi Campbell,Linda Evangelista,Tatjana Patitz,Christy Turlington, andCindy Crawford for the January 1990 cover of the British edition ofVogue, Michael asked the five models to appear in the video. While models appearing in music videos was then commonplace, they usually played the singer's love interest, as withChristie Brinkley's appearance inBilly Joel's "Uptown Girl" video, or Turlington's appearance inDuran Duran's "Notorious" video. For "Freedom! '90", the five models, rather than portraying his on-screen girlfriends, wouldlip sync the song in Michael's place.[12] The video also included male models John Pearson,[14] Peter Formby,Rafael Edholm,[15] and fashion photographerMario Sorrenti.[16]
Evangelista took some persuading before agreeing to appear in the video, saying, "He thought it would make us into a big deal, that it would be good for us. I was like, 'Please, we're here. We've already arrived!'" After speaking with Michael, she was convinced, and rearranged her schedule. In a 2015Vanity Fair article, Evangelista reflected on her decision positively, saying, "Little did I know that to this day, when someone meets me for the first time, they bring up that video. That's what they remember. So yeah, George was right." An initial disagreement over their salaries was resolved when Annie Veltri, who represented Crawford, Evangelista, Campbell, and Patitz atElite Model Management, clarified that all of her clients would be compensated equally, at $15,000 a day.[12]
The video was directed byDavid Fincher, who had also directed videos byMadonna,Billy Idol,Aerosmith, andPaula Abdul (who choreographed George Michael's Faith Tour). His team for the multi-day "Freedom! '90" shoot includedCamilla Nickerson, who later became aVogue contributing editor, as the clothes stylist, hair stylistGuido and makeup artist Carol Brown. CinematographerMike Southon shot the video in a vast building in theLondon Borough of Merton that Nickerson says exhibited "a grandeur and aBlade Runner feel". Despite not appearing in the video, Michael was on set.[12]
The 92-sketch storyboard called for each model to film on separate days, except for Evangelista and Turlington, who appear in a scene together. Each model was assigned a verse to lip-synch, while for the song's chorus, Fincher envisioned the three iconic items from Michael's 1987 music video "Faith" that had come to symbolize his public image at the time: his leather jacket, aWurlitzer jukebox, and guitar, exploding in a ball of flame, except the leather jacket, at each occurrence of the word "freedom" during the chorus. Before the chorus, the leather jacket was simply ignited and burned. Whereas "Faith" had opened with a jukeboxphonograph needle touching a vinyl record, "Freedom! '90" opens with acompact disc player's laser beam reading a CD,[12] after Evangelista turns on the CD player. In a 2004 interview withAdam Mattera forAttitude magazine, Michael reflected on the significance of the video's symbolism: "By the end of theFaith tour I was so miserable because I absolutely knew that I was gay... I didn't suddenly want to come out. I wanted to do it with some kind of dignity. So I thought 'okay, you have to start deconstructing this whole image.'"[17]
Nickerson envisioned a "low-key street style" for the wardrobe, which she characterizes as "a sort of undone beauty", contrasting the prevailing "vampy, larger-than-life" direction in which the fashion industry, typified by models doing film work, was moving at the time. The black sweater worn by Evangelista was from Nickerson's own closet, and the studded biker boots worn by Campbell belonged to Nickerson's boyfriend. Most of the wardrobe budget, however, went to the 60-foot-long linen sheet used by Turlington, the nature of which was specified by Fincher. Guido looked to each model's personality to devise hairdos that would accentuate their "true beauty". Evangelista was up until 3:00am the night before the shoot dyeing her hair platinum blonde, which reflected the cool-blue lights of the set, while Campbell's hair was curled and pulled up with a headband for a 1960s "tough chic" in order to highlight her movement for a shot in which she dances solo. Patitz's hair was framed with soft curls and Turlington's was gelled back to exploit her statuesque form as her character crosses the screen trailing the linen sheet. Brown also tried to highlight each model's personality with makeup, saying, "Cindy was the sexy one; Christy was the cool, classic one; and Linda was the chameleon. She could do anything." Following Fincher's instruction that Crawford's makeup look "completely trashed, as if she'd been in a steamy atmosphere," Brown did Crawford's makeup, and then oiled it down by covering her with glycerin. Crawford spent most of her time topless and sitting in an empty bathtub, resting on an apple box so that enough of her would be visible.[12]
The video premiered a few weeks after the shoot, and was heavily aired on MTV. Reflecting on the video in 2015, Crawford stated that, at the time, they thought they were simply making "a really cool video," but that in retrospect, the video exhibits a dark humour: As MTV had altered the music industry so that physical beauty was now necessary to sell music, the video used five beautiful faces instead of the song's vocalist to mock this.[12]
Alan Jones fromMusic Week wrote, "Despite its title, the song is not a direct descendant ofWham!'s 1984 chart-topper 'Freedom', owing more toSoul II Soul's 'Back to Life'."[18]
Ethan Hein, adjunct professor of music atNew York University said that "Freedom! '90" has "an exceedingly peculiar structure for a mainstream pop song"[19] in which a basic four-bar instrumental intro is followed by the chorus harmony and an instrumental break, with the first chorus finally appearing almost two minutes in: "an eternity—most pop songs are practically over at that point". Other features include a five-layer drum pattern with aFunky Drummer break, and a CMixolydian harmony intro and chorus with Afro-Cubansyncopation andhemiola.
Stephen Thomas Erlewine fromAllMusic named the song a "highlight" fromListen Without Prejudice Vol. 1.[20]Larry Flick fromBillboard magazine wrote, "Platinum pop star waxes both cynical and philosophical on this well-worded stab at his early days of fame. Slowly ingratiating, midtempoR&B/hip-hop base could also reaffirm his presence at club level."[21] In a 2008 review, The Daily Vault's Melanie Love stated, "Its catchychorus and uptempo, jangling instrumentation, coupled with his signature soaring vocals make this confessional a striking example of Michael's newfound independence and proves that his struggle for seriousness could retain the hooks and brilliant tones that make his music so endearing."[22]Adam Sweeting fromThe Guardian named it one of the "best tracks" of the album, adding, "'Freedom! '90' is a boppy slice of pop which nods in the direction ofhouse and ofHappy Mondays' much more scintillating 'Step On'. Its bright, clanging piano provides the aural focus."[23] Chris Roberts fromMelody Maker declared it as "a bleeding-heart apology for his reckless sexy past."[24]
Music & Media magazine remarked that a "stirringBo Diddley beat, agospel approach and a great piano riff are the main features of this addictive hit candidate."[25] Victoria Segal fromNME noted the "hate-fuelled 'Sympathy for the Devil' roll" of the song.[26] A reviewer fromPeople commented, 'On "Freedom 90'—at least this one's set to a radio-ready groove—he rails against the image he has spent the last four years cultivating: "I was every little hungry schoolgirl's pride and joy/And I guess it was enough for me/To win the race? A prettier face!/Brand new clothes and a big fat place/On your rock and roll TV/But today the way I play the game is not the same/No way"."[27]
Slant Magazine listed "Freedom! '90" at number 30 in their ranking of "The 100 Best Singles of the 1990s" in 2011.[28] PolishPorcys included it in their "100 Singli 1990–1999" in 2012.[29]Time Out ranked it number two in their list of "The 50 Best Gay Songs to Celebrate Pride All Year Long" in 2022.[30] Same year, it was named the 16th-best song of the 1990s byPitchfork.[31] In 2023,Billboard magazine ranked "Freedom! '90" number 39 in their list of "500 Best Pop Songs of All Time",[8] whileRolling Stone ranked it number nine in their "The 50 Most InspirationalLGBTQ Songs of All Time".[32] In 2024,Esquire ranked it number 20 in their list of "The 50 Best Songs of the '90s".[33] In 2025,Billboard ranked it number 28 in their "The 100 Greatest LGBTQ+ Anthems of All Time" list.[34]
Weekly charts[edit]
| Year-end charts[edit]
|
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
|---|---|---|
| Australia (ARIA)[67] | Platinum | 70,000‡ |
| Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[68] | Gold | 45,000‡ |
| New Zealand (RMNZ)[69] | Platinum | 30,000‡ |
| United Kingdom (BPI)[71] | Platinum | 715,909[70] |
| United States (RIAA)[72] | Gold | 500,000^ |
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. | ||
| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | October 1990 | N/a | Columbia | |
| Australia | 12 November 1990 |
| Epic | [73] |
| Japan | 15 November 1990 | Mini-CD | [74] | |
| United Kingdom | 3 December 1990 |
| [75] |
| "Freedom" | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 | ||||
| Single byRobbie Williams | ||||
| Released | 29 July 1996 (1996-07-29)[76] | |||
| Length |
| |||
| Label | Chrysalis | |||
| Songwriter | George Michael | |||
| Producer | Stephen Hague | |||
| Robbie Williams singles chronology | ||||
| ||||
| Music video | ||||
| "Freedom" onYouTube | ||||
English singer-songwriterRobbie Williams covered "Freedom" and released it as his debut solo single in July 1996 byChrysalis, a year after his departure fromTake That. In 2010, it appeared on Williams' greatest hits albumIn and Out of Consciousness: Greatest Hits 1990–2010.
Caroline Sullivan fromThe Guardian rated Williams' version of the song three out of five.[77] A reviewer fromMusic Week gave it four out of five, adding, "A pretty good return from Williams. His fans should forgive the, at times, dodgy vocals and send him towards the top of the chart with thisGeorge Michael cover."[78]
The accompanying music video shows Williams dancing in the sea and in a field, celebrating his separation from his former group. In a 2010 interview withMagic 105.4, Williams told Neil Fox that the song had not even been recorded by the scheduled date of filming, which required him to mime to Michael's version of the song.[79]
Weekly charts[edit]
| Year-end charts[edit]
|
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom (BPI)[115] | Silver | 200,000^ |
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. | ||
'Freedom! '90' is a glorious pop anthem, equal parts house and gospel and Madchester shuffle...
George Michael's euphoric 'Freedom! '90', a gospel-infused and breakbeat-driven dissection of the man's own career...
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