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Form (zoology)

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Informal zoology term
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Inzoology,form (Latin:forma) is a strictly informal term that is sometimes used to describe organisms. Under theInternational Code of Zoological Nomenclature the term has no standing (it is not accepted). In other words, although form names are Latin, and are sometimes wrongly appended to abinomial name, in a zoological context, forms do not have anytaxonomic significance; such names areunavailable, do not have authors or dates, and do not compete for homonymy.[1]

Usage of the term

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Some zoologists use the word "form" or "forma" to describe variation in animals, especiallyinsects, as part of a series of terms and abbreviations that are appended to thebinomen ortrinomen. Many "typical specimens" may be described, but none should be considered absolute, unconditional or categorical. Forms have no official status, though they are sometimes useful in describing altitudinal or geographicalclines. As opposed tomorphs (see below), asubpopulation usually consists of a single form only at any given point of time.

forma geographica - f. geogr.
If used, nowadays usually denotes a part of acline; for example for intergrades betweensubspecies in their area of contact.
forma localis - f. loc.
As "f. geogr." but only local, more restricted in occurrence (see alsoSmall population size).
forma alta - f. alt.
Altitudinal features are not necessarily inherited, but may entirely be due to environment. The same applies to temperature or humidity-generated forms, such as:
  • forma vernalis - f. vern. (spring form)
  • forma aestivalis - f. aest. (summer form)
  • forma autumnalis - f. autumn. (autumn form)
aberratio - ab.
May be used for a single individual, for a small group such as an individual and its offspring, or for atypical individuals (for example,albinos). It can also used for commonly observed forms of a species, but in this case, use offorma (f.) ormorpha, accompanied by a descriptive name, is more conventional.

Notes:

  • Amorph is a similar concept with a less restricted occurrence (see alsoPolymorphism). As neither forms nor morphs are officially recognised terminology in zoology, application can vary but, generally, morphs occur without geographical or seasonal restriction, and may constitute a significant part of the population; usually, several morphs co-occur in a singlesubpopulation at a given time. A well known example is thepeppered moth.
  • Botanical nomenclature is much more complex, with the use ofvarieties,subvarieties, andforms being formally regulated by theICBN.

See also

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References

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  1. ^"Article 45. The species group".The Code Online | International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Retrieved2025-09-30.
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