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List of flight airspeed records

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Highest speed obtained from an air vehicle

TheLockheed SR-71 Blackbird has held the record for crewedairbreathing jet aircraft since 1976.

Anair speed record is the highestairspeed attained by anaircraft of a particular class. The rules for all official aviation records are defined byFédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI),[1] which also ratifies any claims. Speed records are divided into a number of classes with sub-divisions. There are three classes of aircraft: landplanes,seaplanes, andamphibians, and within these classes there are records for aircraft in a number of weight categories. There are still further subdivisions forpiston-engined,turbojet,turboprop, androcket-engined aircraft. Within each of these groups, records are defined for speed over a straight course and for closed circuits of various sizes carrying various payloads.

Timeline

[edit]
Flight speed records over time, taken from the table below.

Gray text indicates unofficial records, including unconfirmed or unpublicized war secrets.

DatePilotAirspeedLocationNotes
mphkm/hAircraft
17 December 1903United StatesWilbur Wright6.8210.98Wright FlyerKitty Hawk, North Carolina, USThis figure is ground speed, not airspeed. The Wrights' first flight covered just over 120 ft (40 m) and about 12 seconds into a gusty wind. The Wrights estimated airspeed at 31 mph (50 km/h).
5 October 190437.8560.23Wright Flyer IIIHuffman Prairie, Ohio, US
12 November 1906BrazilAlberto Santos-Dumont25.6541.292Santos-Dumont14-bisBagatelle Castle, Paris, FranceFirst officially recognized airspeed record.[2][3]: 7 
26 October 1907FranceHenri Farman32.7352.700Voisin-Farman IIssy-les-Moulineaux, France[2][3]: 9 
25 May 1909FrancePaul Tissandier34.0454.810Wright Model APau, France[2][3]: 11 
23 August 1909United StatesGlenn Curtiss44.36769.821Curtiss No. 2Reims, France1909Gordon Bennett Cup.[2][4]: 37–38 
24 August 1909FranceLouis Blériot46.16074.318Blériot XI[2][3]: 13 
28 August 190947.82376.995[2][3]: 13 
23 April 1910FranceHubert Latham48.18677.579Antoinette VIINice, France[2][3]: 18 
10 July 1910FranceLéon Morane66.154106.508BlériotReims, France[2][3]: 13 
29 October 1910FranceAlfred Leblanc68.171109.756Blériot XINew York, New York, US[2][3]: 13 
12 April 191169.442111.801BlériotPau, France[2][3]: 14 
11 May 1911FranceÉdouard Nieuport73.385119.760Nieuport IINChâlons, France[2][3]: 25 
12 June 1911France Alfred Leblanc77.640125.000Blériot[2]
16 June 1911France Édouard Nieuport80.781130.057Nieuport IINChâlons, France[2][3]: 25 
21 June 191182.693133.136[2][3]: 25 
13 January 1912FranceJules Védrines87.68145.161Deperdussin MonocoquePau, France[2][3]: 27 
22 February 1912100.18161.290[2][3]: 27 
29 February 1912100.90162.454[2][3]: 27 
1 March 1912103.62166.821[2][3]: 27 
2 March 1912104.29167.910[2][3]: 27 
13 July 1912106.07170.777Reims, France[2][3]: 27 
9 September 1912108.14174.100Chicago, Illinois, US[2][3]: 27 
17 June 1913FranceMaurice Prévost111.69179.820Reims, France[2][3]: 31 
27 September 1913119.19191.897[2][3]: 31 
29 September 1913126.61203.850[2][3]: 31 
1914United KingdomNorman Spratt134.5216.5Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.4Unofficial
August 1918United StatesRoland Rohlfs163262.3Curtiss WaspNot officially recognised.[4]: 140 
1919FranceJoseph Sadi-Lecointe191.1307.5Nieuport-Delage NiD 29VNot officially recognised.
7 February 1920France Joseph Sadi-Lecointe171.0275.264Nieuport-Delage NiD 29VVillacoublay, France.[5] First official record post World War 1.[2][3]: 33 
28 February 1920FranceJean Casale176.1283.464SPAD S.20bis[2][3]: 37 [6]
9 October 1920FranceBernard de Romanet181.8292.682Buc, France[2][3]: 37 [7]
10 October 1920France Joseph Sadi-Lecointe184.3296.694Nieuport-Delage NiD 29V[2][3]: 33 
20 October 1920187.9302.529Villacoublay, France[2][3]: 33 
4 November 1920France Bernard de Romanet191.9309.012SPAD S.XXBuc, France[2][8]
12 December 1920France Joseph Sadi-Lecointe194.4313.043Nieuport-Delage NiD 29VVillacoublay, France[2][3]: 33 
26 September 1921205.2330.275Nieuport-Delage SesquiplanVille Sauvage, France[3]: 39 [9]
13 October 1922United StatesBilly Mitchell222.88358.836Curtiss RDetroit, Michigan, US[2][10]
18 October 1922224.28360.93Curtiss R-6Selfridge Field, Detroit, Michigan, US[3]: 41 [4]: 232–3 [11]
15 February 1923France Joseph Sadi-Lecointe232.91375.00Nieuport-Delage NiD 42SIstres, France[10]
29 March 1923United States1st Lt. Russell L. Maughan236.587380.74Curtiss R-6Wright Field, Dayton, Ohio, US[3]: 41 [4]: 233 [12]
2 November 1923United States Lt. Harold J. Brow259.16417.07Curtiss R2C-1Mineola, New York, US[3]: 43 [4]: 235 
4 November 1923United StatesLt. Alford J. Williams266.59429.02[3]: 43 [4]: 235 [13]
11 November 1924FranceFlorentin Bonnet [fr]278.37448.171Bernard-Ferbois V.2[2]
4 November 1927Kingdom of ItalyMario de Bernardi297.70479.290Macchi M.52 seaplaneVenice, ItalyDatabase ID 11828[1][2]
30 March 1928318.620512.776Macchi M.52bis seaplaneDatabase ID 11827[1][14]
August 1929Kingdom of ItalyGiuseppe Motta362.0582.6Macchi M.67 seaplaneUnofficial
10 September 1929United KingdomGeorge H. Stainforth336.3541.4Gloster VI seaplaneCalshot, UKDatabase ID 11829[1][15]
12 September 1929United KingdomAugustus Orlebar357.7575.5Supermarine S.6 seaplaneDatabase ID 11830[1][16]
13 September 1931United Kingdom George H. Stainforth407.5655.8Lee-on-the-Solent, UKDatabase ID 11831[1][17]
10 April 1933Kingdom of ItalyFrancesco Agello423.6682.078Macchi M.C.72 seaplaneDesenzano del Garda, ItalyDatabase ID 11836[1][2]
23 October 1934440.5709.209Database ID 4497, current piston-engined seaplane speed record.[1][2]
13 September 1935United StatesHoward Hughes354.4567.12Hughes H-1 RacerSanta Ana, California, USFAI Database ID 8748[18]
11 November 1937Nazi Germany Dr.Hermann Wurster379.63610.95Messerschmitt Bf 109 V.13Augsburg, GermanyFAI Database ID 8747[19]
30 March 1939Nazi GermanyHans Dieterle466.6746.60Heinkel He 100 V8Oranienburg, GermanyFAI Database ID 8744[20]
26 April 1939Nazi GermanyFritz Wendel469.220755.138Messerschmitt Me 209 V1Augsburg, GermanyPiston-engined recorduntil 1969[21]
2 October 1941Nazi GermanyHeini Dittmar623.651,003.67Messerschmitt Me 163A "V4"Peenemünde-West, GermanyRocket powered –World War II secret, not an Official FAI record but over the 3 km (1.9 mi) FAI distance[22]: 122 [23][24]
1944Nazi GermanyHeinz Herlitzius6241,004Messerschmitt Me 262 S2Leipheim, GermanyWorld War II secret, not an Official FAI record. Steep dive.[22]: 122 
6 July 1944Nazi Germany Heini Dittmar7021,130Messerschmitt Me 163B "V18"Lagerlechfeld, GermanyRocket powered – World War II secret, not an Official FAI record. Dive, details unknown.[22]: 122 
7 November 1945United KingdomH. J. Wilson606.4975.9Gloster Meteor F Mk.4Herne Bay, UKEE454Britannia, first official record post World War II.[3]: 107 [25]
7 September 1946United KingdomEdward Mortlock Donaldson615.78990.79Gloster Meteor F Mk.4Littlehampton, UK[25] EE530, a long-span Mk 4.[3]: 107 
19 June 1947United States Col.Albert Boyd623.741,003.60Lockheed P-80R Shooting StarMuroc (Edwards AFB), California, US[26]
20 August 1947United States Cmdr. Turner Caldwell640.6631,031.049Douglas D-558-1 SkystreakFirst record flight to exceed secret October 1941 Me 163A V4 figure[27]
25 August 1947United States MajorMarion Eugene Carl USMC650.7961,047.356[27]
14 October 1947United StatesChuck Yeager670.01,078Bell X-1 (flight #50)Muroc, California, USRocket powered –Cold War secret, not an official FAI C-1 record
6 November 1947United States Chuck Yeager891.01,434Bell X-1 (flight #58)Muroc, California, USRocket powered – Cold War secret, not an official FAI C-1 record, first to exceed secret July 1944 Me 163B V18 record
15 September 1948United States Maj.Richard L. Johnson, USAF670.841,079.6North American F-86A-3 SabreCleveland, Ohio, US[2][28]
18 November 1952United StatesJ. Slade Nash698.5051,124.13North American F-86D SabreSalton Sea, California, US[29]
16 July 1953United States William Barnes715.7451,151.88North American F-86D SabreSalton Sea, California, US[30]
7 September 1953United KingdomNeville Duke727.61,171Hawker Hunter Mk.3Littlehampton, UK[31]
26 September 1953United KingdomMike Lithgow735.71,184Supermarine Swift F4Castel Idris,Tripoli, Libya[32]
3 October 1953United StatesJames B. Verdin, US Navy752.91,211.5Douglas F4D SkyraySalton Sea, California, US[33]
29 October 1953United StatesFrank K. Everest USAF755.11,215.3North American F-100 Super SabreSalton Sea, California, US
20 August 1955United StatesHorace A. Hanes822.11,323North American F-100C Super SabrePalmdale, California, US
10 March 1956United KingdomPeter Twiss1,1321,822Fairey Delta 2Chichester, UK[34]
12 December 1957United StatesUSAF1,207.61,943.5McDonnell F-101A VoodooMuroc, California, US[35]
16 May 1958United States Capt. Walt Wayne Irwin, USF1,404.0122,259.538Lockheed YF-104A Starfighter[3]: 147 [36]
5 October 1959France Maj.André Turcat1,441.62,320Nord 1500 GriffonFrance[37]
31 October 1959Soviet Union Col.Georgi Mosolov1,4842,388Mikoyan-Gurevich Ye-6/3 or Ye-66USSR[38]
15 December 1959United States Maj. Joseph Rogers, USAF1,525.92,455.7Convair F-106 Delta DartMuroc, California, USThe record should have gone to civilian (former military) pilotCharles Myers, who flew a Delta Dart at 2,485 kilometres per hour (1,544 mph) in 1959, but Cold War pressures dictated that the award go to an active-military pilot.[39][40][41]
22 November 1961United States Robert B. Robinson, US Navy1,606.32,585.1McDonnell-Douglas F4H-1F Phantom IIMuroc, California, US[3]: 165 [42]
7 July 1962Soviet Union Col. Georgi Mosolov1,665.92,681Mikoyan Gurevich Ye-166USSR[43][44] Name adopted for record attempt, a version of aYe-152 a.k.a. E-166.[3]: 179 
1 May 1965United StatesRobert L. Stephens
and Daniel Andre		2,070.13,331.5Lockheed YF-12AMuroc, California, US[45]
28 July 1976United States Capt.Eldon W. Joersz (P) and
Maj. George T. Morgan Jr. (RSO)		2,193.23,529.6Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird #61-7958Beale AFB, US[46]

Official records versus unofficial

[edit]

TheLockheed SR-71 Blackbird holds the official air speed record for a crewedairbreathing jet engine aircraft with a speed of 3,529.6 km/h (2,193.2 mph). The record was set on 28 July 1976 byEldon W. Joersz and George T. Morgan Jr. near Beale Air Force Base,California,USA. It was able to take off and land unassisted on conventional runways.[47] SR-71 pilotBrian Shul claimed inThe Untouchables that he flew faster thanMach 3.5 on 15 April 1986, overLibya, in order to avoid amissile.[48]

The official record for fastest piston-engined aeroplane in level flight was held by aGrumman F8F Bearcat, theRare Bear, with a speed of 850.23 km/h (528.31 mph). The unofficial record is held by a BritishHawker Sea Fury at 880 km/h (547 mph). Both were demilitarised and modified fighters. The fastest stock (original, factory-built) piston-engined aeroplane was unofficially theSupermarine Spiteful F Mk 16, which "achieved a speed of 494m.p.h. at 28,500ft during official tests at Boscombe Down" in level flight.[49] The unofficial record for fastest piston-engined aeroplane (not in level flight) is held by aSupermarine Spitfire Mk.XIX flown by Flight LieutenantEdward "Ted" Powles, which was calculated to have achieved a speed of 1,110 km/h (690 mph) in a dive on 5 February 1952.

The last new speed record ratified beforeWorld War II was set on 26 April 1939 with aMe 209 V1, at 755 km/h (469 mph). The chaos and secrecy of the war meant that new speed breakthroughs were neither publicized nor ratified. In October 1941, an unofficial speed record of 1,004 km/h (624 mph) was secretly set by aMesserschmitt Me 163A "V4" rocket aircraft. Continued research during the war extended the secret, unofficial speed record to 1,130 km/h (700 mph) by July 1944, achieved by aMesserschmitt Me 163B "V18". The first new official record in the post-war period was achieved by aGloster Meteor F Mk.4 in November 1945, at 975 km/h (606 mph). The first aircraft to exceed the unofficial October 1941 record of the Me 163A V4 was theDouglas D-558-1 Skystreak, which achieved 1,032 km/h (641 mph) in August 1947. The July 1944 unofficial record of the Me 163B V18 was officially surpassed in November 1947, whenChuck Yeager flew theBell X-1 to 1,434 km/h (891 mph).

The official speed record for aseaplane moved by piston engine is 709.209 km/h (440.682 mph), which attained on 24 October 1934, byFrancesco Agello in theMacchi-Castoldi M.C.72 seaplane ("idrocorsa") and it remains the current record.[50] It was equipped with theFiat AS.6 engine (version 1934) developing a power of 2,300 kW (3,100 hp) at 3,300 rpm, with coaxial counter-rotating propellers. The original record holding Macchi-Castoldi M.C.72 MM.181 seaplane is at the Air Force Museum atVigna di Valle in Italy.

Other air speed records

[edit]
DatePilotAirspeedAircraftComments
mphkm/h
2 October 1985Holger Rochelt27.5444.32Musculair 2Fastest human-powered aircraft[51]
22 December 2006Klaus Ohlmann & Matias Garcia Mazzaro190.6306.8Schempp-Hirth Nimbus-4DMFastest (non-powered)glider over 500 km[52]
11 August 1986Trevor Egginton249400.87Westland LynxFastest helicopter[53][54][55]
31 December 1988L.P. Krantov258.8415Tupolev Tu-134AHighest landing speed for a civil aircraft[56]
11 June 2013Hervé Jammayrac293472Eurocopter X3Fastest propellercompound helicopter[57]
15 September 2010Kevin Bredenbeck299481Sikorsky X2Fastest compound helicopter, shallow dive (unofficial)[58]
19 March 1989Unknown pilot316509Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey[59][60]Tiltrotor
15 April 1969Unknown pilot316509Bell 533Compound jet helicopter[61][62]
19 November 2021Steve Jones345.4555.9Rolls-Royce Accel ‘Spirit of Innovation’Fastest electric-only aeroplane[63]
11 Dec 2025Luke Maximo Bell408.6657.6Peregreen 4Fastest electric flight[64]
6 February 2003Joseph J. Ritchie,Steve Fossett576.3927.4Piaggio P.180 AvantiFastest propeller-driven aircraft of any type.[65]
2 September 2017Steve Hinton Jr.531.53855.41P-51"Voodoo"Fastest straight-line piston-engined aircraft in level flight[66][67]
9 April 1960Ivan Sukhomlin, Konstantin Sapielkine545.07877.21Tupolev Tu-114Fastest propeller-driven airliner-size aircraft, perFAI.[68]

BothTu-116 andTu-142 claim higher maximum speeds.

5 February 1952Flight LieutenantEdward Powles6901,110.4Supermarine Spitfire PR.XIX PS852Reached (Mach 0.96) during an emergency dive while carrying out spying flights over China, the highest speed ever recorded for a piston-engined aircraft (though not in level flight).[69]
14 October 2012Felix Baumgartner8441,358None (jumped from ahelium balloon gondola)Fastest unpowered descent of a human[70][71]
7 February 1996Captain Leslie Scott1,2492,010ConcordeFastest passenger plane on a regular route[72]
3 October 1967William 'Pete' Knight4,5197,274North American X-15Rocket plane[73]
16 November 2004Uncrewed6,75510,870NASA X-43AAir-launchedhypersonicscramjet; fastest free-flying air-breathing vehicle[74]
22 April 2010Uncrewed13,20121,245HTV-2 FalconAir-launched hypersonicglider; fastest uncrewed aerial vehicle[75]
14 November 1981Joe H. Engle17,50028,000Space Shuttle ColumbiaFastest manually controlled flight in atmosphere duringatmospheric reentry ofSTS-2 mission.
15 November 1988Uncrewed18,01929,000BuranThe fastest unmanned (but capable of carrying up to 8-10 people) spaceplane ever built,[citation needed] weighing 100 tons or more.

Flying between any two airports allow a large number ofcombinations, so setting a speed record ("speed over a recognised course") is fairly easy with anordinary aircraft, although there are many administrative requirements for recognition.[76][77][78]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakCooperFlight 25 May 1951, p. 619.
  3. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakalMunson, Kenneth (1978).Jane's Pocket Book of Record-breaking Aircraft (First Collier Books Edition 1981 ed.). New York, New York, US: Macmillan.ISBN 0-02-080630-2.
  4. ^abcdefBowers 1979
  5. ^The Royal Aero Club of the U.K.: Official Notices to Members".Flight, No. 625 Volume XII 16 December 1920. p. 1274.
  6. ^"Speed Records in France".Flight, 4 March 1920.
  7. ^"Meeting at Buc".Flight, 14 October 1920, pp. 1090–1091.
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  9. ^"Some Records Homologated".Flight, 3 November 1921, p. 710.
  10. ^abFlight 7 February 1924, p. 75.
  11. ^"American World's Speed Record Homologated".Flight, 11 January 1923, p. 26.
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  13. ^Flight. 27 December 1923, p.776.
  14. ^Robertson, F.A. de V. "The Attempt on the World's Speed Record".Flight, 8 November 1928, pp. 965–967.
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  16. ^Andrews and Morgan 1987, p.194.
  17. ^Andrews and Morgan 1987, p. 201.
  18. ^[1]Archived 14 March 2016 at theWayback Machine FAI record No.8748
  19. ^[2]Archived 14 March 2016 at theWayback Machine FAI Record No.8747
  20. ^[3]Archived 14 March 2016 at theWayback Machine FAI Record No.8744
  21. ^[4]Archived 14 March 2016 at theWayback Machine FAI Record No.8743
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  69. ^Spitfire Timeline
  70. ^"Baumgartner's Records Ratified by FAI !"RecordArchived 15 December 2013 at theWayback MachineFAI, 14 October 2012. Accessed: 18 November 2013.
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  • Munson, Kenneth and John William Ransom TaylorJane's Pocket Book of Record-breaking Aircraft. New York New York, US: Macmillan, 1978.ISBN 0-02-080630-2.
  • Taylor, H. A.Fairey Aircraft since 1915. London:Putnam, 1974.ISBN 0-370-00065-X.
  • Taylor, John W. R.Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965–66. London:Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1965.
  • Taylor, John W. R.Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976–77. London:Jane's Yearbooks, 1976.ISBN 0-354-00538-3.
  • Taylor, John W. R.Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1988–89. Coulsdon, UK:Jane's Defence Data, 1988.ISBN 0-7106-0867-5.
  • Organ, RichardAvro Arrow: The Story of the Avro Arrow From Its Evolution To Its Extinction. Erin, ON, Canada: Boston Mills Press, 1980.ISBN 978-1550460476.

External links

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Extremes of motion
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Endurance
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Military
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