Emiliano Chamorro Vargas | |
|---|---|
 | |
| President of Nicaragua | |
| In office 14 March 1926 – 11 November 1926 | |
| Preceded by | Carlos José Solórzano |
| Succeeded by | Sebastián Uriza |
| In office 1 January 1917 – 1 January 1921 | |
| Vice President | Nemesio Martínez |
| Preceded by | Adolfo Díaz |
| Succeeded by | Diego Manuel Chamorro Bolaños |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1871-05-11)11 May 1871 Acoyapa, Nicaragua |
| Died | 26 February 1966(1966-02-26) (aged 94) Managua, Nicaragua |
| Party | Conservative Party |
| Relations | Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Alfaro (granduncle) Fruto Chamorro Pérez (half-granduncle) |
Emiliano Chamorro Vargas (11 May 1871 – 26 February 1966) was a Nicaraguan military figure and politician who served asPresident of Nicaragua from 1 January 1917 to 1 January 1921. He was a member of theConservative Party.
He lost the1924 Nicaraguan general election. He launched a coup in 1925 against President Carlos José Solórzano. Chamorro was interim president from 14 March to 11 November 1926.[1]
In 1909, Chamorro participated in a failed revolution to topple liberal PresidentJosé Santos Zelaya. When Zelaya was finally removed in a 1909 coup led byJuan José Estrada, Chamorro became Chairman of the Constituent Assembly and leader of the country'sConservative Party.
As a reward for his assistance in defeating the revolt against PresidentAdolfo Díaz, Chamorro was appointed Nicaragua's Minister to the United States. In 1914, he negotiated theBryan–Chamorro Treaty with the United States, by which Nicaragua agreed to allow the construction of a canal across the country, linking the Caribbean with the Pacific Ocean (a canal that has not been constructed).
He returned to Nicaragua in 1916 and was elected president. His Conservative Party received U.S. assistance in attaining power, and Chamorro later partnered with the United States.[2] During his term in office he made a concentrated effort to pay off the country's creditors. Running again for office in 1923, he was defeated byCarlos José Solórzano. In 1926, he led a successful coup to overthrow Solórzano, but his new government failed to win American support[3] and faced acivil war, and he eventually resigned in favor ofAdolfo Díaz.
In the following years, Chamorro served as Nicaragua's minister to several European states. Originally opposed to the dictatorship ofAnastasio Somoza García, he eventually reached a compromise in 1950 (The Pact of the Generals[1]), whereby the Conservative Party was granted a number of seats in the Congress. This, however, cost him the support of many radical members of the Conservative Party.
Emiliano Chamorro Vargas came from a very influential family in Nicaragua, both politically and economically.
His ancestors were:
He was nephew of PresidentRosendo Chamorro Oreamuno, half-grandnephew of PresidentFrutos Chamorro Pérez, nephew of PresidentDiego Manuel Chamorro Bolaños and grandnephew of PresidentsFernando Chamorro Alfaro andPedro Joaquín Chamorro Alfaro.
He was the only child of Salvador Chamorro Oreamuno and Gregoria Vargas Báez. His mother remarried to Evaristo de la Rosa Enríquez and had nine other children, half siblings of Emiliano. Evaristo Enríquez was brother to Emiliano´s father-in-law, Ceferino Enríquez.
Chamorro married Lastenia Enríquez Bermúdez, b. abt 1875 Comalapa, Chontales d. 7 April 1952 Managua, daughter of Ceferino Enríquez and Isabel Bermúdez. He later married Mercedes Rodríguez Urbina. He did not have children and left all his fortune to his nephews, both from the Chamorro and the Enriquez family.
A portrait of Chamorro appears as a plot element in the novelSpalovač mrtvol by the Czech writerLadislav Fuks, published in 1967. Afilm adaptation, directed byJuraj Herz, was filmed in 1968.[4]
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| Preceded by | President of Nicaragua 1917–1921 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | President of Nicaragua 1926 | Succeeded by |
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