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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Furamide |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Micromedex Detailed Consumer Information |
| Routes of administration | by mouth |
| ATC code | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 90% (diloxanide) |
| Metabolism | Hydrolyzed to furoic acid and diloxanide, which undergoes extensiveglucuronidation |
| Eliminationhalf-life | 3 hours |
| Excretion | Kidney (90%), fecal (10%) |
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| CAS Number | |
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| UNII | |
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| ChEMBL | |
| CompTox Dashboard(EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.021.008 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C14H11Cl2NO4 |
| Molar mass | 328.15 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Melting point | 112.5 to 114 °C (234.5 to 237.2 °F) |
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Diloxanide is a medication used to treatamoeba infections.[1] In places where infections are not common, it is a second line treatment afterparomomycin when a person has no symptoms.[2] For people who are symptomatic, it is used after treatment withmetronidazole ortinidazole.[2] It is takenby mouth.[1]
Diloxanide generally has mild side effects.[3] Side effects may includeflatulence, vomiting, and itchiness.[1] Duringpregnancy it is recommended that it be taken after thefirst trimester.[1] It is aluminal amebicide meaning that it only works on infections within theintestines.[2]
Diloxanide came into medical use in 1956.[3] It is on theWorld Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[4] It is not commercially available in much of thedeveloped world as of 2012.[5]
Diloxanide furoate works only in the digestive tract and is alumenal amebicide.[2][6] It is considered second line treatment forinfection with amoebas when no symptoms are present but the person is passing cysts, in places where infections are not common.[2][7]Paromomycin is considered the first line treatment for these cases.[citation needed]
For people who are symptomatic, it is used after treatment with ambecides that can penetrate tissue, likemetronidazole ortinidazole. Diloxanide is considered second-line, while paromomycin is considered first line for this use as well.[2][8]
Side effects include flatulence, itchiness, and hives. In general, the use of diloxanide is well tolerated with minimal toxicity. Although there is no clear risk of harm when used during pregnancy, diloxanide should be avoided in the first trimester if possible.[6][why?]
Diloxanide furoate is not recommended in women who are breast feeding, and in children <2 years of age.[5]
Diloxanide furoate destroystrophozoites ofE. histolytica and prevents amoebic cyst formation.[9] The exact mechanism of diloxanide is unknown.[10] Diloxanide is structurally related tochloramphenicol and may act in a similar fashion by disrupting theribosome[5]
Theprodrug, diloxanide furoate, is metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract to release the active drug, diloxanide.[10]
90% of each dose is excreted in the urine and the other 10% is excreted in the feces.[10]
It is on theWorld Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[4]
The drug was discovered byBoots UK in 1956, and introduced asFuramide; it was not available in much of the developed world as of 2012.[5]
