Diana Budisavljević | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Diana Obexer 15 January 1891 |
| Died | 20 August 1978(1978-08-20) (aged 87) Innsbruck,Austria |
| Known for | Humanitarianism |
| Spouse | |
| Relatives | Srđan Budisavljević (brother-in-law) |
Diana Budisavljević (née Obexer; 15 January 1891 – 20 August 1978) was an Austrianhumanitarian who led a major relief effort inYugoslavia duringWorld War II. From October 1941, on her initiative and involving many co-workers, she organized and provided assistance to women and children who were mostlySerbian Orthodox detained in theUstaše camps in theIndependent State of Croatia, aNazipuppet state established inoccupied Yugoslavia. The operation, known as "Action Diana Budisavljević", succeeded in saving around 10,000 children.[1] After her story was better publicized in the 2000s and 2010s, she received substantial posthumous recognition.
Born inInnsbruck, Diana Obexer married Julije Budisavljević in 1917, who at that time worked as an assistant at the surgical clinic in Innsbruck. By 1919, the couple had moved toZagreb, at the time part ofKingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.[2] Julije Budisavljević was anethnic Serb (and brother of more well-knownSrđan),[3][4] who was known for founding the surgical clinic at theFaculty of Medicine, University of Zagreb.[5]
DuringWorld War II,Yugoslavia was invaded by the Axis forces in April 1941 and the Nazi-alliedIndependent State of Croatia began agenocidal campaign against Serbs,Jews andRoma, setting up numerousconcentration camps in Croatia. After she learned about children held atLoborgrad concentration camp, she launched a relief campaign in October 1941 named Action Diana Budisavljević along with a number of co-workers, in particularMarko Vidaković [hr] and Đuro Vukosavljević. The primary purpose of the campaign was taking care of Serbian children and also women held in various concentration camps including theJasenovac death camps.[6][7]
With help from the localJewish community in Zagreb, which had permission to support the camp inmates, her team sent supplies of food, medicines, clothes and money, first to Loborgrad and later to theGornja Rijeka andĐakovo concentration camps. Her team also helped members of theCroatian Red Cross at theZagreb Main Station, providing travel supplies for workers on trains that stopped there on their way to forced labor camps inGermany – some of those men, women and children returned to Zagreb after they were stopped inMaribor andLinz and were not allowed to travel further due to their illness and they were taken care by the Red Cross and the Action. During that work, in March 1942, Budisavljević met the head nurse, Dragica Habazin, who became a close collaborator in the following months and years in helping the inmates from various camps that were relocated to Zagreb and other places.[8]
At the beginning of July 1942, with assistance from German officerGustav von Koczian [de],[9] she obtained written permission to remove children from theStara Gradiška concentration camp[8] and with the help of the Ministry of Social Affairs, in particular ProfessorKamilo Bresler [hr], she was able to transport the former child prisoners to Zagreb,Jastrebarsko and later also toSisak.[10]
After the rescue efforts inStara Gradiška, Budisavljević, wearing a Red Cross nurse's uniform, oversaw the transport of children out ofMlaka,Jablanac andKošutarica camps. More than 6,000 children were removed from those camps in July and August 1942. After obtaining permission in August 1942 to move the children from state care in Zagreb to being placed in families, she and Kamilo Bresler worked together with theZagreb Archdiocese branch ofCaritas, thereby allowing thousands of children to be placed with families in Zagreb and in rural communities.[11]
According to the Correction of the Report from Marko Vidaković in May 1945, Budisavljević stated that the campaign succeeded in saving about 10,000 children from the concentration camps.[1] At the request of Kamilo Bresler in August 1942, she and Ivanka Džakula, along with some other co-workers, started to compile file-card information on children, based on transportation lists and sources from various institutions that retained their own files. By the end of the war the file database held information on approximately 12,000 children. Upon a signed request on 28 May 1945 by aFederal State of Croatia official named Tatjana Marinić, at that time Head of Ministry of Social Affairs, Budisavljević handed over the file-cards to the government. It is not known where they are now and whether they have been preserved or not.[12]
Budisavljević described the course of the campaign in a diary, starting on 23 October 1941 and ending on 7 February 1947.[13]
Budisavljević was almost forgotten after the war, almost never mentioned at all in public, and when mentioned then described in ways inconsistent with what she had actually done, because thepost-war authorities did not look favorably upon her. She lived in Zagreb with her husband until 1972, when they moved back to Innsbruck. She died on 20 August 1978, aged 87.[14]
In 2003, theCroatian State Archives published Budisavljević's war-time diary, translated from German toCroatian by Silvija Szabo.[15][13] Silvija Szabo is a granddaughter of Budisavljević and a retired professor at theFaculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, who in 2005 stated that she had read an April 1983Vjesnikfeuilleton that had described Diana Budisavljević as a "mereCommunist Party activist inside the Red Cross". She knew that that had not been the truth, so she decided to read Budisavljević's diary to learn the full extent of her grandmother's deeds.[16]
A Zagreb film production studio Hulahop produced a documentary about Diana Budisavljević, titledDianina lista, and produced by Dana Budisavljević and Miljenka Čogelja. The documentary won the prize from the EAVE European Producers Workshop at the When East Meets West Forum in January 2012 in Trieste.[5] One of the authors is a distant relative of Diana Budisavljević's husband, yet had not heard of her heroism until seeing a 2009 documentary aboutZagreb in World War II.[5]
On 15 February 2012, the President of SerbiaBoris Tadić posthumously decorated Diana Budisavljević with theGolden Medal of Miloš Obilić for courage and personal heroism.[17][18] In October 2013,Serbian Patriarch Irinej posthumously awarded Diana Budisavljević with the high distinction of theSerbian Orthodox Church – the order of Empress Milica.[19]
Since May 2012, a park in theDubrava district of Zagreb has been named Park Diane Budisavljević.[20] Streets inBelgrade,Kozarska Dubica/Bosanska Dubica, andGradiška/Bosanska Gradiška have been named for Diana Budisavljević, and an initiative was active in 2015 to do so inBanja Luka as well.[21] In October 2017, a Sisak park area with a memorial plate for children who were victims of genocide in thelocal concentration camp has been named Park Diane Budisavljević.[22] In September 2018, the local district representation ofDonaustadt (Vienna), decided to name a local alley Diana-Budisavljević Gasse.[23]
In 2017,Radio Television of Serbia, the Serbian public broadcast service, made a TV documentary filmDiana's Children focusing on her work and the testimony of the children still alive who were saved in Operation DB.[24]
A feature filmThe Diary of Diana B. premiered at thePula Film Festival in 2019, and won numerous Golden Arena awards.[25][26]
Her birthplace on Maria Theresia Street in Innsbruck is known asObexer House.[citation needed]
Park Diane Budisavljević
prostor parka sa spomen pločom djeci stradaloj u logoru, južno od sisačkog groblja, zvat će se od sada Park Diane Budisavljević
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