TheDhulnunid dynasty or Dhunnunid dynasty, known in Arabic sources asBanū Dhī n-Nūn (Arabic:ﺑﻨﻮ ذي اﻟﻨﻭﻦ) was aMuslimBerber dynasty that reigned over theTaifa of Toledo inal-Andalus in the 11th century.[1][2]
According toibn 'Idhari, the family’s original name wasDhannūn, a common Berber name.
The Dhulnunids were a Berber family from theHawwara tribe who came to theIberian Peninsula at the time of the Islamic conquest.[3] They settled in the heart of Santabariyya or Shant Bariya (Santaver in theProvince of Cuenca) and through a process of cultural Arabization between the 8th-10th centuries changed their name from the Berber Zennún to the Arabised form dhi-l-Nun.[4] During the second half of the 9th century they came to control a large territory that includedUclés,Huete,Cuenca,Huélamo,Las Valeras,Alarcón andIniesta. Due to the geographic isolation of the area, they were in continuous revolt against theCaliphate of Córdoba, maintaining a certain independence, and periodically threateningToledo.[3]
With the decline of the Umayyad caliphate in the early 11th century, caliphSulayman ibn al-Hakam granted Abd el-Rahman ibn Di-l-Nun the lordship of Santaver, Huete, Uclés and Cuenca, along with the title of Násir ad-Dawla. In 1018 this same Abd al-Rahman entrusted the government of Uclés to his son Ismaíl whom he also sent him to Toledo at the request of its people, who were dissatisfied with their rulers.[5]
This dynasty provided the three rulers to the Taifa of Toledo:
Al-Qadir was so unpopular that Toledo rebelled against him and he was obliged to seek the support ofAlfonso VI of León and Castile to regain his capital. Although he was successful, he eventually ceded the city to Alfonso in return for the king's support in installing him in Valencia. This brought the Taifa of Toledo to and end, and Al-Qadir's rule in Valencia was brought to and end by the invadingAlmoravids in 1092.[3]
