| Goblin | |
|---|---|
 Cutaway Goblin II | |
| Type | Turbojet |
| Manufacturer | de Havilland Engine Company |
| First run | 13 April 1942 |
| Major applications | de Havilland Vampire |
| Developed into | de Havilland Ghost |
Thede Havilland Goblin, originally designated as theHalford H-1, is an earlyturbojet engine designed byFrank Halford and built byde Havilland. The Goblin was the second British jet engine to fly, after Whittle'sPower Jets W.1, and the first to pass atype test and receive a type certificate issued for an aircraft propulsion turbine.[1]
Although it was conceived in 1941 it remained unchanged in basic form for 13 years by which time it had evolved to the Mk. 35 export version.[2]
The Goblin was the primary engine of thede Havilland Vampire, and was to have been the engine for theF-80 Shooting Star (as theAllis-ChalmersJ36) before that design switched engines due to production delays at Allis-Chalmers. The Goblin also powered theSaab 21R fighter,Fiat G.80 trainer and thede Havilland DH 108 "Swallow" experimental aircraft. The Goblin was later scaled up as the largerde Havilland Ghost, with the model numbers continuing from the last marks of the Goblin.
Design of the engine was carried out by Frank Halford at his London consulting firm starting in April 1941.[3] It was based on the overall design pattern pioneered byFrank Whittle, using acentrifugal compressor providing compressed air to sixteen individual combustion chambers, from which the exhaust powered a single-stage axial turbine.
Compared to Whittle designs, the H-1 was cleaned up in that it used a single-sided compressor with the inlet at the front, and a straight-through layout with the combustion chambers exhausting straight onto the turbine. Whittle's designs such as thePower Jets W.2 used a reverse-flow layout that piped the hot air back to the middle of the engine, in order to "fold" it and reduce its length. The straight-through design simplified the engine, at the expense of being slightly longer and requiring a longer power shaft between the turbine and compressor.[4] Although it eliminated the Whittle-style "folding", the Goblin was still a compact design.
The H-1 first ran on 13 April 1942 and quickly matured to produce its full design thrust within two months. It first flew on 5 March 1943 in theGloster Meteor, and on 26 September in thede Havilland Vampire.[5] It was around this time that de Havilland purchased Halford's company and set him up as the chairman of thede Havilland Engine Company, with the engine name changing from H-1 to "Goblin", while the new H-2 design became the "Ghost" – de Havilland jet and rocket engines were largely named afterspectral apparitions.
In July 1943, one of the two H-1s then available (actually the spare engine intended as a backup for the one installed in the Vampireprototype) was sent to theUnited States, where it was selected to become the primary engine of theLockheed P-80 Shooting Star. This engine was fitted to the prototype P-80, which first flew on 9 January 1944. The engine was later accidentally destroyed in ground testing, and was replaced by the only remaining H-1 from the prototype Vampire.[5]Allis-Chalmers was selected to produce the engine in the US as theJ36, but ran into lengthy delays. Instead, theAllison J33, developed byGeneral Electric as the I-40 (their greatly improved 4,000 lbf (18 kN) version of theJ31, itself based on Whittle'sW.1), was selected for the production P-80A.
Thrust given infoot-pounds (lbf) andkilonewtons (kN).
 | This sectiondoes notcite anysources. Please helpimprove this section byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged andremoved.(April 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Goblin engines are preserved and on display at severalmuseums including:
As of June 2011, two Goblin-powered de Havilland Vampires remain airworthy on the British register.[6]
As of December 2014, three Goblin-powered de Havilland Vampires remain airworthy in North America. N115DH is owned by the World Heritage Air Museum.,[7] C-FJRH is operated under the Jet Aircraft Museum in Ontario, Canada.[8] and N593RH is owned by Vampire Aviation LLC.
As of November 2015, three Goblin-powered de Havilland Vampires remain airworthy in South Africa. Serial number 276 and 277 are in the SA Air Force Museum and the third is at Wonderboom Airport.
Related development
Related lists
