TheDaman Ganga River divides Daman into: Nani-Daman (Little Daman) and Moti-Daman (Big Daman). Despite its name, Nani-Daman is the larger of the two parts, while the old city is mainly in Moti-Daman. This holds most of the important entities, like the major hospitals, supermarkets, and major residential areas.Vapi, Gujarat, is the nearest city to Daman.[3]
The name "Daman" comes from the Daman Ganga River, while Diu is from the Sanskrit word dvipa, meaning “island.” From Mauryan times (4th–2nd century BCE), both were subject to various local and regional powers ruling in western India. In the 13th century Daman formed part of the Ramnagar state, which then became a tributary of the Gujarat sultans. Similarly, numerous dynasties in Kathiawar (Saurashtra) ruled Diu until it fell to the sultan of Gujarat in the early 15th century.[4]
The Portuguese Captain-MajorDiogo de Melo arrived at the Daman shore by chance in 1523 while sailing towardsOrmuz. He was caught in a violent storm and had his boat blown towards the coast of Daman.[5] Shortly after, it was acquired as aPortuguese colony for over 400 years. A larger fort was built in Moti Daman in the 16th century to guard against theMughals, who ruled the area until the Portuguese arrived. It stands today, most of it preserved in its original form. Today the majority of the municipal government offices are inside the fort.
Daman wasincorporated into theRepublic of India inDecember 1961 after nearly 400 years of Portuguese colonial rule which had largely led to exploitation of the area and native population. After refusal to vacate the occupied territory of mainland India, the Portuguese surrendered before the Indian Army, while some of its Army personnel deserted their posts and escaped to Karachi, Pakistan. The battle left four Indians dead and 14 wounded;[6] Portuguese casualties were 10 dead and two wounded.[7]
According to the2011 census city of Daman had apopulation of 44,282,[8] whereasDaman District had 191,173 inhabitants.[9][10] This gives the district a ranking of 592nd in India (out of a total of640).[9] The city has a population density of 6,813 inhabitants per square kilometre (17,650/sq mi)[8] and the district 2,655 inhabitants per square kilometre (6,880/sq mi).[9] Itspopulation growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 69.256%.[9] Daman has asex ratio of 533females for every 1,000 males,[9] and aliteracy rate of 88.06%.[9]
Daman has atropical savanna climate (KöppenAw) with two distinct seasons: a long, sunny dry season from October to May and a hot, very humid, and extremely wetmonsoon season from June to September. Almost no rain falls during the dry season. With milder mornings and lower humidity especially up to the middle of March, this is by far the most comfortable time of the year.
The monsoon season, though relatively short, is extremely wet. Along with the very high humidity and heavy rain every afternoon, travel is difficult and uncomfortable.
Climate data for Daman, Daman and Diu (1961 to 1990)
Jain Temple: This 18th-century Jain temple is in the northern region of Nani Daman Fort and is dedicated toMahavira Swami. It is built with white marble. The walls have glass covers with 18th-century murals that represent the life of Mahavira Swami.[12]
Indian Coast Guard Air Station, Daman is the premier air station of the Coast Guard with all the airfield facilities, air traffic control and other allied air traffic services. It is equipped with state-of-the-art airport surveillance radar (ASR), precision approach path indicator (PAPI), Doppler very high frequency omnidirectional radio range (DVOR) – distance measuring equipment (DME) and nondirectional beacon (NDB), as navigational aids. This air station provides ATC and parking facilities to defence as well as civil aircraft.[13]
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