Dabrafenib, sold under the brand nameTafinlar among others, is ananti-cancer medication used for the treatment of cancers associated with a mutated version of the geneBRAF.[2] Dabrafenib acts as aninhibitor of the associated enzyme B-Raf, which plays a role in the regulation ofcell growth.
The most common side effects include papilloma (warts), headache, nausea, vomiting, hyperkeratosis (thickening and toughening of the skin), hair loss, rash, joint pain, fever and tiredness.[3] When taken in combination with trametinib, the most common side effects include fever, tiredness, nausea, chills, headache, diarrhea, vomiting, joint pain and rash.[3]
Dabrafenib was approved for medical use in the United States in May 2013,[7] and in the European Union in August 2013.[3]
Dabrafenib isindicated as a single agent for the treatment of people with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation.[2] Dabrafenib is indicated, in combination withtrametinib, for BRAF V600E-positive unresectable or metastatic melanoma, metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, metastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer, and unresectable or metastatic solid tumors.[2][3][8]
Clinical trial data demonstrated that resistance to dabrafenib and other BRAF inhibitors occurs within six to seven months.[9] To overcome this resistance, the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib was combined with the MEK inhibitortrametinib.[9] In January 2014, theFDA approved this combination of dabrafenib and trametinib for BRAF V600E/K-mutant metastatic melanoma.[10][11] In May 2018, the FDA approved the combination dabrafenib/trametinib as anadjuvant treatment for BRAF V600E-mutated,stage III melanoma aftersurgical resection based on the results of the COMBI-ADphase 3 study,[12] making it the first oral chemotherapy regimen that prevents cancer relapse for node positive, BRAF-mutated melanoma.[13]
The USFood and Drug Administration (FDA) approved dabrafenib as a single agent treatment for people with BRAFV600E mutation-positive advanced melanoma in May 2013.[7][14]
Dabrafenib was approved for use in the European Union in August 2013.[3]
In April 2017, the European Union approved the combination of dabrafenib with trametinib for BRAF V600-positive advanced or metastaticnon small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).[15][16][3]
In September 2023, theCommittee for Medicinal Products for Human Use of theEuropean Medicines Agency adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Finlee, intended for the treatment of low- and high-grade glioma (LGG and HGG).[17] The applicant for this medicinal product is Novartis Europharm Limited.[17] Finlee was approved for medical use in the European Union in November 2023.[4]
Dabrafenib has clinical activity with a manageable safety profile inclinical trials of phase I and II in patients with BRAF (V600)-mutated metastaticmelanoma.[19][20]
^abcd"Tafinlar- dabrafenib capsule".DailyMed. U.S. National Library of Medicine. June 22, 2022.Archived from the original on January 27, 2023. RetrievedJanuary 27, 2023.
^abcdefgh"Tafinlar EPAR".European Medicines Agency (EMA). September 17, 2018.Archived from the original on April 11, 2020. RetrievedApril 10, 2020. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
^"Tafinlar Product information".Union Register of medicinal products. August 29, 2013.Archived from the original on January 11, 2023. RetrievedDecember 11, 2023.
^"Finlee Product information".Union Register of medicinal products. November 16, 2023.Archived from the original on November 26, 2023. RetrievedDecember 11, 2023.
^ab"Finlee: Pending EC decision".European Medicines Agency. September 15, 2023.Archived from the original on September 21, 2023. RetrievedSeptember 21, 2023. Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
^"International nonproprietary names for pharmaceutical substances (INN): recommended INN: list 67".WHO Drug Information.26 (1):45–96. 2012.hdl:10665/109416.
^Gibney GT, Zager JS (July 2013). "Clinical development of dabrafenib in BRAF mutant melanoma and other malignancies".Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology.9 (7):893–899.doi:10.1517/17425255.2013.794220.PMID23621583.S2CID207491581.
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