Movatterモバイル変換

Currencies of the European Union

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

There are sevencurrencies of the European Union as of 2026^[update] used officially by member states. Theeuro is used by a majority of EUmember states, while the remainder operating independent monetary policies. ThoseEuropean Union member states that have adopted it are known as theeurozone, and share theEuropean Central Bank (ECB). The ECB and the national central banks of all EU countries, including those who operate an independent currency, are part of theEuropean System of Central Banks.

Euro

[edit]

Further information:Euro,Eurozone, andEnlargement of the eurozone

The euro is the result of the European Union's project foreconomic and monetary union thatcame fully into being on 1 January 2002 and it is now the currency used by the majority of theEuropean Union's member states, with all but Denmark (which has anopt-out in the EU treaties) bound to adopt it. It is the currency used by theinstitutions of the European Union and in the failed treaty on aEuropean Constitution it was to be included with thesymbols of Europe as the formal currency of the European Union. The euro is alsowidely used by other states outside the EU.

Except for Denmark, all current and future members of the EU are obliged to adopt the Euro as their currency, thus replacing their current ones.^[1] The relationship between euro and non-euro states has been on debate both during the United Kingdom's membership (as a large opt-out state) and in light ofwithdrawal from the EU and how that impacts the balance of power between the countries inside and those outside the eurozone, avoiding a eurozone caucus out-voting non-euro states. Former member United Kingdom had called for the EU treaties to recognise the EU as a "multicurrency union", which sparked concerns about undermining euro adoption in remaining countries.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Current currencies

[edit]

Map of currencies used within the EU and dates of Euro adoption
  States which used the euro from 1999 (currency entered circulation 2002)
  States which subsequently adopted the euro
  States using other currencies

EU GDP by currency area (2023)^[6]

Eurozone (84.9%)
Poland (4.40%)
Sweden (3.10%)
Others (7.60%)

The following are official currencies used within the borders of the27 EU Member states:

Currency	Region	Symbol	ISO	Peg	Notes
Euro	Eurozone: Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Portugal Slovakia Slovenia Spain	€	`EUR`	Floating	Also used by EU institutions.
Czech koruna	Czech Republic	Kč	`CZK`	Floating
Danish krone	Denmark	kr	`DKK`	ERM II	Opt-out from adopting the euro.
Hungarian forint	Hungary	Ft	`HUF`	Floating
Polish złoty	Poland	zł	`PLN`	Floating
Romanian leu	Romania	Leu	`RON`	Floating
Swedish krona	Sweden	kr	`SEK`	Floating

Note that there are other currencies used inoverseas territories of member states. Those territories however are not part of the European Union proper (legally subject to all its law) so are not listed here.

Historic currencies

[edit]

Further information:History of the euro

Currency	State	Symbol	ISO	Yielded on	Rate to euro	Notes
Austrian schilling	Austria	S or öS	`(ATS)`	1999/2002	13.7603
Belgian franc	Belgium	fr.	`(BEF)`	1999/2002	40.3399	^[a]
Bulgarian lev	Bulgaria	лв	`(BGN)`	2026	1.95583	^[b]
Croatian kuna	Croatia	kn	`(HRK)`	2023	7.5345
Cypriot pound	Cyprus	£	`(CYP)`	2008	0.585274
Dutch guilder	Netherlands	ƒ or fl.	`(NLG)`	1999/2002	2.20371
Estonian kroon	Estonia	Kr	`(EEK)`	2011	15.6466
Finnish markka	Finland	mk	`(FIM)`	1999/2002	5.94573
French franc	France	₣, F or FF	`(FRF)`	1999/2002	6.55957	^[d]
German mark	Germany	DM	`(DEM)`	1999/2002	1.95583
Greek drachma	Greece	Δρχ., Δρ. or ₯	`(GRD)`	2001/2002	340.75
Irish pound	Ireland	£	`(IEP)`	1999/2002	0.787564	^[e]
Italian lira	Italy	₤, L. or LIT	`(ITL)`	1999/2002	1,936.27	^[g]
Latvian lats	Latvia	Ls	`(LVL)`	2014	0.702804
Lithuanian litas	Lithuania	Lt	`(LTL)`	2015	3.4528
Luxembourgian franc	Luxembourg	fr. or F	`(LUF)`	1999/2002	40.3399	^[h]
Maltese lira	Malta	₤ or Lm	`(MTL)`	2008	0.4293
Pound sterling	United Kingdom	£	`GBP`	was part of EU untilBrexit		^[i]
Portuguese escudo	Portugal	$	`(PTE)`	1999/2002	200.482
Slovak koruna	Slovakia	Sk	`(SKK)`	2009	30.126
Slovenian tolar	Slovenia	T	`(SIT)`	2007	239.64
Spanish peseta	Spain	₧	`(ESP)`	1999/2002	166.386
European Currency Unit	Accounting only	₠, ECU or XEU	`(XEU)`	1999/2002	1	^[j]

Notes

[edit]

^Interchangeable with Luxembourgian franc (BLEU).
^Traded under acurrency board since 1997, with a fixed exchange rate against theeuro and previously theDeutsche Mark.
^Replaced alongside French franc with euro
^Linked toMonegasque franc,^[c] both valid in France,Andorra andMonaco.
^Was interchangeable with pound sterling until 1979.
^Replaced alongside Italian lira with euro
^Linked toSammarinese &Vatican lira,^[f] all valid in Italy,San Marino and theVatican City.
^Interchangeable with Belgian franc (BLEU).
^Was interchangeable with Irish pound until 1979.
^Accounting currency alongside national currencies until the euro introduction.

References

[edit]

^The euro Archived 15 September 2016 at theWayback Machine, European Commission
^The Eurozone seeks a post-Brexit balance Archived 29 September 2018 at theWayback Machine, European Data Journalism Network 15 December 2017
^UK call for ‘multicurrency’ EU triggers ECB alarm Archived 10 June 2018 at theWayback Machine, Financial Times 4 December 2015
^The Great British Euro Conundrum Archived 11 June 2018 at theWayback Machine, Handelsblatt 20 June 2016
^What a fair relationship between ‘euro ins’ and ‘euro outs’ could look like Archived 24 February 2018 at theWayback Machine, London School of Economics 26 January 2016
^"GDP and main components (output, expenditure and income)". Eurostat.Archived from the original on 13 April 2023. Retrieved15 December 2024.

Euro topics

General

Administration

Fiscal provisions

Economy

International status

Denominations

Coins	1c 2c 5c 10c 20c 50c €1 €2 €2 commemorative coins Other commemorative coins Identifying marks Starter kits Europa coin programme Euro mint
Banknotes	€5 €10 €20 €50 €100 €200 €500

Coins by country
with minting rights

Eurozone	Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Portugal Slovakia Slovenia Spain
Monetary agreement with the EU	Andorra Monaco San Marino Vatican City

Adoption
by country/territory

EU territories	Azores Madeira Canary Islands French Guiana Guadeloupe Martinique Saint Martin Mayotte Réunion
Non-EU territories using euro per agreement without minting rights	Saint Barthélemy Saint Pierre and Miquelon French Southern and Antarctic Lands Akrotiri and Dhekelia
Potential adoption by other countries	Czech Republic Denmark Hungary Poland Romania Sweden
Countries and territories using euro unilaterally	Kosovo Montenegro

Other extant
EU currencies

ERMII	Danish krone
Other	Czech koruna Hungarian forint Polish złoty Romanian leu Swedish krona

History

General	"Snake in the tunnel" European Monetary System I ECU II ERM III EMU European Monetary Cooperation Fund Delors Committee European Monetary Institute Enlargement Black Wednesday Euro area crisis Withdrawal
Past adoption by country	Bulgaria Croatia Latvia Lithuania
Previous EU members and euro	United Kingdom
Historical currencies of the European Union	European Currency Unit Austrian schilling Belgian franc Bulgarian lev Croatian kuna Cypriot pound Dutch guilder Estonian kroon Finnish markka French franc German Mark Greek drachma Irish pound Italian lira Latvian lats Lithuanian litas Luxembourg franc Maltese lira Monégasque franc Portuguese escudo Sammarinese lira Slovak koruna Slovenian tolar Spanish peseta Vatican lira
Former fiscal provisions	European Financial Stability Facility European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism

Economy of the European Union

Market

Institutions
& Offices

Policies

Law

Finance

Currencies

State economies

Dependencies

of Denmark	Faroe Islands Greenland
of France	French Polynesia Mayotte New Caledonia Saint Barthélemy Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon Wallis and Futuna
of the Netherlands	Aruba Curaçao Sint Maarten

R&D

International

Associations

v t e Currencies of Europe
European Union	Czech koruna Danish krone (pegged currency:Faroese króna) Euro Hungarian forint Polish złoty Romanian leu Swedish krona
Eastern	Armenian dram Azerbaijani manat Belarusian ruble Georgian lari Kazakhstani tenge Moldovan leu Russian ruble Ukrainian hryvnia
Southern	Albanian lek Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark Macedonian denar Serbian dinar Turkish lira
Western	Sterling (pegged currencies:Gibraltar pound ·Guernsey pound ·Jersey pound ·Manx pound) Swiss franc
Northern	Icelandic króna Norwegian krone
Unrecognised	Abkhazian apsar South Ossetian Zarin Transnistrian ruble

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Currencies_of_the_European_Union&oldid=1335357905"

Category:

Finance in the European Union

Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

Movatterモバイル変換

Euro

Current currencies

Historic currencies

See also

Notes

References