France; campuses in Paris (36% of students), in 160 other French cities, inoverseas France (3% of students), campuses in wholefrancophone Africa and in other countries (11% of students)[2][3]
The CNAM hosts also a museum dedicated to scientific and industrial inventions:Musée des Arts et Métiers (English: the Industrial Design Museum) which welcomed 250,000 visitors in 2018,[19] and is located on the Parisian campus of the French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts at 292 rue Saint Martin, in the3rd arrondissement of Paris, in the historical area of the city namedLe Marais.
Tennis Court Oath (1789) byDavid : the abbotHenri Grégoire, was a founding member of the French Conservatory of Arts and Crafts, and is shown here wearing his clergy black cloth, in the foreground, at the centre of the painting withDom Gerle on the left andJean-Paul Rabaut Saint-Étienne on the right-hand side.
Originally charged with the collection of inventions, it has since become an educational institution. At the present time, it is known primarily as a grand-école and university for:
adults seeking higher education as engineering (multidisciplinary scientific program), master and bachelor degrees, mostly through evening and/or remote classes in a variety of topics ;
young students enrolling in training diplomas in apprenticeship ;
international student of bachelors and masters taught in English.
The collection of inventions is now operated by theMusée des Arts et Métiers. The originalFoucault pendulum was exhibited as part of the collection, but was moved to thePanthéon in 1995 during museum renovation. It was later reinstalled in theMusée des Arts et Métiers. On 6 April 2010,[22] the cable suspending the original pendulum bob snapped causing irreparable damage to the pendulum and to the marble flooring of the museum.[23]
For the first time in history, in 1851, the FrenchphysicistLéon Foucault used apendulum in order to prove the rotation of Earth around its own axis. The pendulum is exhibited at theMuseum of Cnam on the Parisian campus and at thePanthéon.[24]
The novelFoucault's Pendulum written byUmberto Eco deals greatly with this establishment, as theFoucault pendulum hung in the museum plays a great role in the storyline. The novel was published in 1988 prior to the pendulum being moved back to thePanthéon during the museum reconstruction.[25]
The French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts is infused with the values of theLumières, as part of theFrench enlightenment era, of the 18th CenturyFrench Humanism, and of theFrench encyclopedists, whose goal was to provide emancipation via knowledge for everyone; the latter being often followed by mostGrande Ecole andUniversities in France, along withUniversalism andCartesianism. This background paved the way to nowadays CNAM's values of meritocracy, solidarity and academic excellence.[26]
Under the supervision of the Ministry of Higher Education and as French public institution of higher education, it is assigned three missions:
Training throughout life (Lifelong learning);
Technological research and innovation;
Dissemination of scientific and technical culture.
These missions and values are reflected in CNAM's motto:"Omnes docet ubique", which means: "Teaching to everyone everywhere."
Out of the 70,000 students enrolled at CNAM (57.7% employees, 24% job seekers, 12% students, 6.3% self-employed), 36% are enrolled at the Parisian campus, 3% inOverseas France, 11% abroad and the rest in metropolitan France, of which 1,592 are enrolled at theGrande Ecoleengineer school of CNAM: theEiCNAM.[27][28] The Parisian campus and headquarters of the French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts is located in one of the last medieval architectural area of Paris, in the historical district ofLe Marais in the3rd arrondissement of Paris, at the formerBenedictine priory ofSaint-Martin-des-Champs, which church and core architectural style was inspired by theBasilica of Saint-Denis architecture built a few years earlier.
This largeCluniacmonastery founded byKing Henry the First of France in 1059–1060 onMerovingian vestige, is still visible today. The formergothic-style refectory hall dated from the 13th century remains until today and was reassigned as the library in the middle of the 19th century by the CNAM's architect:Léon Vaudoyer.
Main entrance of the Parisian Campus of the CNAM, on Rue Saint Martin - picture taken from SquareEmile Chautemps.
Parisian campus of CNAM, adjacent to the main Parisian campus, on the former campus ofÉcole Centrale, located onrue Montgolfier (3rd arrondissement).
Main Entrance of the parisian campus of CNAM, adjacent to the main Parisian campus of CNAM, located on the former campus ofÉcole Centrale, situated onrue Montgolfier (3rd arrondissement).
Fontaine du Vert Bois at one of the corner of the Parisian campus of CNAM, at the intersection between rue Saint Martin and rue du Vertbois.
Léon Vaudoyer (1803–1872) Architect of the CNAM Parisian Campus. He designed and conducted some of the CNAM buildings of the Parisian campus, along with theInstitut de France building, during the nineteenth century.[33][34]
Guillaume Postel, one of the first professor of theCollège de France (another higher education institution categorised asGrand Etablissement, just like CNAM), is buried in the former priory on the Parisian Campus of CNAM.
CNAM is based in 160 other French cities. French regional CNAM Centres are financially independent but pedagogically linked to the CNAM public institution based in Paris (namely of enrolment, selection and evaluation of candidates), and their existence is governed by a specific ministry decree. Half of the regional CNAM centres budget is allocated by theFrench regional councils. A student should apply through the nearest French regional CNAM in terms of enrolment, in other words, someone living in Marseille should enrol in Marseille's regional center (PACA) and not in Paris, even if his/her desired curriculum is not available in Marseille. As the vast majority of continuing education curricula are taught online, continuing education students can most of the time attend them via their nearest CNAM regional centre. Shall some specific classes be available only in Paris or at another regional centre, the student can attend these courses on-site, shall it be required (for example laboratory sessions in Life Science, Physics or Chemistry). Regional centres providing Engineering diploma via the EiCNAM, the Grande Ecole Engineer School of CNAM are all certified by the French national committee responsible forevaluation andaccreditation of higher education institutions for the training of professional engineers in France (in French:Commission des Titres d'Ingénieur, abbr.: CTI). Some CNAM regional centres are hosted by other partner universities, for example the CNAM centre ofAix-en-Provence is located at the campus of the FrenchGrande Ecole engineering and research school:Arts et Métiers ParisTech.
Campuses of the French National Conservatory of Arts Crafts (abbreviated in French as: CNAM) worldwide. This map does not take into account campuses based in mainland France and Corsica.
On 7 July 2016, the CNAM's board of directors enacted a reform via the directory of decisions number 2016-24 AG to 2016–33 AG,[35] which goal was to create 16 national pedagogic teams (French:équipes pédagogiques nationales | abbr.: EPN) in lieu of the School for industrial sciences and technologies (French:écoles Sciences industrielles et technologies de l’information | abbr.: Siti) and the School for Management and Society Management et société (French:école Management et Société | abbr.: MS). Some Pedagogic Teams below are also sometimes Schools per se.
EPN 1: Building and energetics
EPN 2: School for Surveyors, Geometricians-Topographers (Abbreviation of the school name in French: ESGT)
Ecole Pasteur-Cnam: School specialised in public health
Ecole Vaucanson: first National Management and EngineeringGrande Ecole Higher Education Institution for students coming from vocational baccalaureate curricula.
EiCnam Ecole d'ingénieur.e: "Ei-" standing for:Ecole d'Ingénieur (in English: Engineering School),Grande Ecole curriculum, which like any other Grande Ecole selects students via anational competitive examination.
ENASS: French National School for Insurances
Enjmin: School specialised in video games and interactive media
ESGT: School for surveyor/geometrician-topographer
ICH: Institute specialised in Law applied to Real Estate
ICSV: Institute specialing in Sales and Marketing
FFI: College for Refrigeration, Industrial Cooling and HVAC engineering
IHIE-SSET: Institute for Hygiene and Food Safety
IIM: Institute specialised in Management
Inetop: Institute for the study of Labour, career counselling, personal development, education
INTD: Institute for Culture, Information, Technology and Society
Intec: Institute for Economics and Accountancy
Institute of Technology in Management, IT, Industrial Engineering, Physical Measurement, Material Studies
ISTNA: Institute for Nutrition and Food Science
ITIP: Institute for Transport and Ports
The academic staff headcount in 2020 reached 1,670, with 568 professors/researchers and 1,120 academic staff, which are called at CNAM:Biatss (French:bibliothèque,ingénieurs,administratifs,techniciens,social etsanté | English: library staff, engineering staff, administrative staff, technical taff, social and health services staff).[16]
The CNAM provides via its doctoral college PhD-curricula via distance-learning (along the job), or on-site. There are 91 PhD candidates enrolled at the EiCNAMGrande Ecole engineering School,[28] and a total of 350 professors-researchers andacademic staff for a total of 340doctoral students[36] from 40 different nationalities[37] enrolled at CNAM worldwide, at which 60thesis defence/examination take place yearly.[17][37] The doctoral college of CNAM comprises two doctoral schools:[38]
a doctoral school specialised in Science and Engineering (French:Sciences des métiers de l’ingénieur.e | abbr.: SMI), in partnership with the French Grande EcoleArts et métiers (doctoral school code:ED 432),
and a doctoral school Abbé-Grégoire specialised in Humanities and Arts (ED 546).
Doctoral schools in partnership with other French Universities:
ED 591 : Physics, engineering sciences and energetics
ED 532 : Mathematics and informatics
ED 435 : Agriculture, biology, environment, health
ED 146 : Sciences, technology, health
Paris-Saclay University is a partner of Cnam, with which the latter shares a doctoral college.Paris-Saclay ranks 13 in the world in 2020 according toARWU,[39] 1st inMathematics and 9th inPhysics (1st in Europe),[39] with a teaching and academic research staff of 9,000, while catering 48,000 students — which is more than Harvard or Stanford.[40]Doctoral College ofParis-Saclay University.
Grande Ecoles are separate from, but parallel and often connected to, the main framework of theFrench public university system.Grandes écoles, like CNAM, areelite academic institutions which enroll students via an extremely competitive process, and a significant proportion of their graduates occupy the highest levels of French society. Similar toIvy League schools in the United States,Oxbridge in the UK, andC9 League in China, graduation from a grande école is considered the prerequisite credential for any top government, administrative and corporate position in France. The degrees are accredited by theConférence des Grandes Écoles and bestowed upon by theMinistry of National Education (France). Higher education business and engineering degrees in France are organised into three levels thus facilitating international mobility: theLicence /Bachelor's degrees, and theMaster's andDoctorat degrees. The Bachelor's and the Master's degrees are organised in semesters: 6 for the Bachelor's and 4 for the Master's. Those levels of study include various "parcours" (in English: paths or curricula) based on UE (Unités d'enseignement orModules, in English: Teaching Units or Modules), each worth a defined number ofEuropean credits (ECTS) and thus abiding by theBologna Process of theEuropean Union. A student accumulates those credits, which are generally transferable between curricula. A Bachelor's is awarded once 180 ECTS have been obtained (3 years of higher studies after high school, abbreviated in French as "bac+ 3"); a Master's is awarded once 120 additional credits have been reached (5 years of higher studies after high school, abbreviated in French as "bac+ 5", i.e. 2 additional years after aBachelor's degree).
One of the prerequesite of a Grande Ecole (along with having theGrande Ecole-label), is to select students vianational competitive examinations. The latter are well-acknowledged to be particularly stringent.[53][54] While students prepare for these National Competitive examinations right after theirhigh school diploma (often obtained with amagna cum laude orsumma cum laude) during atwo-year preparatory programme in high schools proposing such curricula; some other students will start anUndergraduate orBachelor's degree and prepare for the national Competitive examinations along their studies at Universities or private Colleges in France or abroad. Both pathways have their own advantages and drawbacks.
As CNAM provides remote and continuous education, the access to theGrande Ecole does not require that candidates go throughpreparatory classes. Instead, obligatory classes and tests in Mathematics, Chemistry, Biology and English, along with a minimum required work experience (at least 6 months in a relevant field to the one the candidate wishes to apply to) and a minimum degree in a relevant field (anUndergraduate degree, i.e. 2 years of higher education after the French High School Diploma calledBaccalauréat) will be expected as minimum requirements from candidates. Additionally, an interview of candidates will be conducted to select appropriate future Grande Ecole students. The Competitive Examination can only be retaken thrice.[55]
The most selectiveGrande Ecole will enroll less than 10% of candidates, i.e. 90% of candidates are bound to fail, not because they performed poorly, but because a handful of students performed better, which is in itself, the principle of acompetitive examination. In someGrande Ecole, it is possible to retake a Grande Ecole national competitive examination as many times as one wishes, whereas some others limit the possibilities to retake the examination to a maximum of three times.[55]
Louis de Broglie (academic staff).Nobel Prize Laureate in Physics in 1929, member of the governance committee of the CNAM in 1945 and member of the technical committee of the test laboratory of the CNAM in 1945.[56]
Louis Pasteur (alumnus). Pasteur studied at theÉcole Normale Supérieure and at the CNAM, chemist and biologist. He is regarded as one of the founders of modernbacteriology and has been honoured as the "father of bacteriology" and as the "father ofmicrobiology".[57]
Jacques de Vaucanson (donator). Engineer who invented the first all-metal lathe (a loom for weaving wavy fabrics) in the midst of theIndustrial Revolution, gave his personal collection to the CNAM as well as his name to a street adjacent to the CNAM.[61][57] As a token of his work, the Vaucanson Institute was established in 2010 by the CNAM.[62]
Yves F. Meyer (faculty). Mathematician and professor at CNAM. Meyer is a French mathematician. He is among the progenitors of wavelet theory, having proposed theMeyer wavelet. Meyer was awarded theAbel Prize in 2017.
Alexandre Millerand (alumnus). He was Prime Minister of France from 20 January to 23 September 1920 and President of France from 23 September 1920 to 11 June 1924.
Francis Mer (academic staff) at theIMF in 2003. Former French Minister of Economy from 2002 to 2004. is a French businessman, industrialist and politician. A former alumnus of theÉcole Polytechnique, and of theMines ParisTechGrande EcoleEngineer School, he is a member of theCorps des mines. He was one of the former president of the steering committee of CNAM.
Claude Pouillet (academic staff) was a French physicist and a professor of physics at theSorbonne, professor and third director of CNAM as well as member of theFrench Academy of Sciences. Pouillet developed thePouillet effect. He correctedJoseph Fourier's work on the surface temperature of the Earth, developing the first real mathematical treatment of thegreenhouse effect. He speculated that water vapour and carbon dioxide might trapinfrared radiation in the atmosphere, warming the Earth enough to support plant and animal life.[74]
Serge Haroche (faculty) is a French physicist who was awarded the 2012Nobel Prize for Physics jointly with David J. Wineland for "ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems", a study of the particle of light, the photon.[78][79][80] He was guest lecturer at CNAM.
BaronCharles Dupin (faculty). French mathematician, engineer, economist[85] and politician, particularly known for work in the field of mathematics, where theDupin cyclide andDupin indicatrix are named after him; and for his work in the field of statistical andthematic mapping.[86] In 1826 he created the earliest knownchoropleth map.[87] He was one of the founding members of the first threeresearch chairs of CNAM.
Gaston Tissandier (alumnus). French chemist, meteorologist, aviator and editor. Adventurer, he managed to escape besieged Paris byballoon in September 1870. Founder and editor of the scientific magazine La Nature.
Paul Painlevé (academic staff) former Chairman of the Board of Directors at the Cnam, was a Frenchmathematician andstatesman. He served twice asPrime Minister of theThird Republic. His entry into politics came in 1906 after a professorship at theSorbonne that began in 1892. In the 1920s as Minister of War he was a key figure in building theMaginot Line.[91]
Thierry Malet (alumnus), is a French composer of film music. He is also the designer of the very firstMIDI guitars[93] and a new 3D spatialization system for feature film music. He studied acoustics at the Cnam.
Benoît Roy (alumnus). Industrialist and politician, he established in 1985 the company Audiolab, specialised in hearing aid, of which he is the CEO since then. He is the honorary president of the French hearing aid association and vice-president of the European hearing aid association. He is member of theRPR, then of theUDF and finally of theNouveau Centre political parties. He was briefly first Frenchconstituency of theIndre-et-Loiredepartment in 2002.
François Joseph Fournier (alumnus).Self-taught Belgian adventurer and entrepreneur who explored Mexico and theisland of Porquerolles. He was born into a family of modest means, inClabecq, Belgium and died on Porquerolles.
Lucien Bossoutrot (alumnus). Frenchaviator and pilot of the first public aerial transport between Paris and London in 1919, twice world-record in closed-circuit flights (8,805 km in 1931 and 10,601 km in 1932).[98]
Michel Colomban (alumnus). Frenchaeronautical engineer known for his home-built aircraft. He designed theColomban Cri-cri in 1973, which follower was the model: Cri-Cri (F-PRCQ) i.e. the first all-electric four-engine aircraft in the world.
Pierre Bézier (faculty), former professor at the Cnam, was a French engineer and mathematician, and one of the founders of the fields of solid, geometric andphysical modelling as well as in the field of representing curves, especially incomputer-aided design and manufacturing systems. As an engineer atRenault, he became a leader in the transformation of design and manufacturing, through mathematics and computing tools, into computer-aided design and three-dimensional modelling. Bézier patented and popularized theBézier curves andBézier surfaces that are now used in most computer-aided design andcomputer graphics systems.[100]
Stasys Ušinskas (alumnus). Lithuanian artist of multiple creative fields: modern painting, stained glass, scenography, animation, puppetry and decorative glass artworks. He is widely regarded as the "father of Lithuanian stained glass art".[101]
At the French Conservatory of Arts and Crafts, students are commonly (and also officially) called "auditeurs", referring to audience/listener (instead of "étudiants", in English: students).
Graduates from theGrande Ecole Engineering School: EiCNAM, receive coloured graduation scarf during the diploma bestowal ceremony, depending on the major they belong to:
Building and public works Engineering, Energetics Engineering, Nuclear Power Engineering,
IT Engineering,
Bioinformatics Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Bio-Engineering, Process Engineering, Risk Management Engineering,
Automation and Robotics Engineering, Electrical Engineering,
Electronic Systems Engineering, Electronic Systems, Telecommunication and IT Engineering, Electronic system and railway signalling Engineering,
Aeronautics and Aerospace Engineering, Rail Operation Engineering,
Material Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics Engineering.
^The pendulum at the Pantheon is said to be a copy of the original that still hangs in an 11th-century chapel inside the Musée des Arts et Métiers.[citation needed]
^Les Professeurs de la faculté des sciences de Paris, 1901-1939. Dictionnaire biographique (1901-1939) (in French). Vol. 25. Editions du CNRS. 1989. pp. 56–60.ISBN978-2222043362.
^Prouvé : cours du CNAM, 1957-1970 Essai de reconstitution du cours à partir des archives Jean Prouvé (in French). Mardaga. 2002.ISBN978-2-87009-434-1.
^Smart, Nick (1996). "The Maginot Line: An Indestructible Inheritance".International Journal of Heritage Studies.2 (4):222–233.doi:10.1080/13527259608722177.
![Parisian underground station of Arts & Métiers, founded in 1904, which is served by Line 3 and Line 11. For its renovation in 1988, the Ouï-dire style was applied to Line 3, whilst on Line 11, for the bicentenary anniversary of CNAM in 1994, the platforms were redesigned by Belgian comics cartoonist François Schuiten in a steampunk style reminiscent of the science fiction works of Jules Verne.[29]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.m.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aM11_-_Station_Arts_%2526_Metiers.jpg)
![Statue of Nicolas Leblanc (1742–1806). French chemist and surgeon he invented artificial soda ash.[31]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=http%3a%2f%2fen.m.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aNicolas_Leblanc_-_CNAM.jpg)
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