Coalition for the Defence of the Republic Coalition pour la Défense de la République | |
|---|---|
| Founders | Martin Bucyana,Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza,Jean Shyirambere Barahinyura[1] |
| Founded | 1992 (1992) |
| Banned | 1994 (1994) |
| Newspaper | Kangura |
| Paramilitary wing | Impuzamugambi |
| Ideology | Hutu Power |
| Political position | Far-right[2][3] |
| Slogan | "Mube maso!" (English: "Watch out!") |
| Party flag | |
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TheCoalition for the Defence of the Republic (French:Coalition pour la Défense de la République, CDR) was aRwandanfar-rightHutu Power political party that took a major role in inciting theRwandan genocide.[4][5][6][7][8]
The CDR was founded in 1992 and initially led byMartin Bucyana until his assassination on 22 February 1994. The party was allied with the rulingNational Republican Movement for Democracy and Development (MRNDD), and used the slogan "Mube maso" ("Watch out!"), which meant that Hutus should beware or theTutsis would rule them as they had in the past. Unlike the MRNDD, the CDR did not agree to theArusha Accords and Statement of Ethics. It was therefore shut out of theBroad-Based Transitional Government.Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza, a founding member of the CDR, was convicted by theInternational Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda for severalgenocide-related charges othercrimes against humanity.[9] The CDR created theImpuzamugambi ("Those who have the same goal") militia, which took part in the killings.
The CDR refused to operate within therule of law or cooperate with other Rwandan political parties it opposed.[10] The CDR had a paramilitary wing, theImpuzamugambi that repeatedly provoked violent confrontations with members of other parties it opposed, by using hand grenades and bombs in such confrontations, and served as one of thedeath squads that massacred Tutsis in the Rwandan Genocide.[10]
The CDR supported the principles developed byHutu Power supremacistHassan Ngeze'sHutu Ten Commandments.[11] TheCommandments called for the supremacy of Hutus in Rwanda, calling for exclusive Hutu leadership over Rwanda's public institutions and public life and complete segregation of Hutus from Tutsis, and complete exclusion of Tutsis from public institutions and public life.[12]
The Commandments declared that any form of relationship between Hutus and Tutsi women was forbidden and that any Hutu who "marries a Tutsi woman", "befriends a Tutsi woman", or "employs a Tutsi woman as a secretary or a concubine" was a "traitor" to the Hutu people. It denounced Tutsis as "dishonest" in business whose "only aim is the supremacy of hisethnic group"; and declared that any Hutu who did business with a Tutsi was a traitor to the Hutu people. The Commandments declared that "The Hutu should stop having mercy on the Tutsi" and referred to the Tutsis as "common Tutsi enemy".[12]
The CDR was opposed to democracy. It was rejected by other opposition parties as a legitimate participant, who claimed the CDR lacked democratic values.
Other far-right groups and paramilitaries involved included the anti-democratic segregationist Coalition for the Defence of the Republic (CDR), which called for complete segregation of Hutus from Tutsis.
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