Clark County, Indiana | |
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 Clark County Courthouse in Jeffersonville, Indiana | |
 Flag | |
 Location within the U.S. state ofIndiana | |
| Coordinates:38°29′N85°43′W / 38.48°N 85.72°W /38.48; -85.72 | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Indiana |
| Founded | February 3, 1801 |
| Named after | GeneralGeorge Rogers Clark |
| Seat | Jeffersonville |
| Largest city | Jeffersonville |
| Area | |
• Total | 376.45 sq mi (975.0 km2) |
| • Land | 372.86 sq mi (965.7 km2) |
| • Water | 3.60 sq mi (9.3 km2) 0.96% |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 121,093 |
• Estimate (2023) | 125,467 |
| • Density | 324.77/sq mi (125.39/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Congressional district | 9th |
| Website | www |
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Clark County is acounty in theU.S. state ofIndiana, located directly across theOhio River fromLouisville,Kentucky. At the2020 census, the population was 121,093.[1] Thecounty seat isJeffersonville.[2] Clark County is part of theLouisville/Jefferson County,KY–INMetropolitan Statistical Area.
Clark County lies on the north bank of theOhio River. A significant gateway to the state ofIndiana, Clark County's settlement began in 1783. The state ofVirginia rewarded GeneralGeorge Rogers Clark and his regiment for theirvictorious capture of Forts Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Vincennes from the British, by granting them 150,000 acres (610 km2) of land. A small portion of this land, 1,000 acres (4.0 km2), became known asClarksville, the first authorized American settlement in theNorthwest Territory, founded the next year in 1784.[3]
Clark County was formed on February 3, 1801, with territory annexed fromKnox, the first county formed in the Territory in 1790. This original area in Clark County was subsequently altered and reduced with the formation of other counties: Harrison (1808), Franklin, Jefferson, and Wayne (1811), Switzerland and Washington (1814), Jackson and Ripley (1816), Jennings (1817), Crawford and Randolph (1818), Fayette and Floyd (1819), Scott (1820), Union (1821), Decatur and Rush (1822).[4]
The first county seat was established inSpringville, on April 7, 1801.[3] Jeffersonville was platted in 1802, and on June 9 the Territorial Governor (William Henry Harrison) ordered that it be regarded as the county seat. However, on December 14, 1810, the seat designation was given to Charlestown, which retained the designation until 1873, when on September 23 the Jefforsonville mayor (Luther Warder) successfully campaigned for the county seat's return.
Clark County was a hotbed for antislavery sentiment during the territorial period. In 1807, citizens petitioned Congress to uphold the legal prohibition of slavery established in the Northwest Ordinance in response to efforts by Harrison and his supporters to have the prohibition repealed. Many settlers were Quakers who had migrated from North Carolina to escape the oppressive conditions of the slave states and did not want to see slavery be established in Indiana.[5]
From its beginning Clark County's history, culture and growth have been linked to the development of the river. Early nineteenth-century steamboats transported goods to the upper Ohio, providing opportunities for commercial and industrial growth in the county. In 1832,James Howard founded theHoward shipyards making Clark County a leader in shipbuilding.[6]
The railroad brought further economic growth. TheMonon line spanned from New Albany to Chicago, and theJeffersonville, Madison, and Indianapolis Railroad provided Clark County and southern Indiana with access to the northern trading centers of Indianapolis and Chicago.
Industries locating to Clark County during the nineteenth century included theLouisville Cement Company inSpeed, Indiana and the Ford Plate Glass Company established in Jeffersonville in 1876.
During the 1920s, Clark County attracted theColgate-Palmolive Company to the Clarksville Riverfront. Colgate purchased the formerIndiana Reformatory building in 1923. The company rehabilitated and adapted the building for its dedication in 1924. It stayed in business until early 2008.[6]
DuringWorld War II the county prospered. The federal government began the Indiana Arsenal nearCharlestown in 1940.[6] Producing smokeless powder for the war effort, the arsenal employed up to 20,000. Howard shipyards was commissioned by the Navy to produce landing craft. Later Howard shipyards reorganized as Jeffersonville Boat and Machine Company (Jeffboat) — a current major employer (1991).[6]
When the war ended, the county experienced significant residential and commercial growth, aided by the1956 Interstate Act. The improved access provided byInterstate 65 encouraged additional subdivisions and shopping centers.
Clark County history has been closely associated with the development of theOhio River. From its beginnings, Clark County relied on the river for economic opportunities. Clark County has diversified its economic base, lessened its dependency on the river, and continues to develop in new directions. However, the county still looks to the river as one link to its significant pioneer heritage.
Clark County lies on the east edge of Indiana; its eastern border abuts the northern border of the state of Kentucky (across the Ohio River). The terrain is low rolling hills, with the area either devoted to agriculture or urban development. The west part of the county is carved with drainages.[7] The highest point on the terrain is a ridge WNW ofHenryville near the border withScott County, at 1,030 ft (310 m) ASL.[8]
According to the 2010 census, the county has a total area of 376.45 square miles (975.0 km2), of which 372.86 square miles (965.7 km2) (or 99.05%) is land and 3.60 square miles (9.3 km2) (or 0.96%) is water.[9]
Clark County is one of the few counties in the US to border two counties of the same name in different states (Jefferson County Indiana and Kentucky)-
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In recent years, average temperatures in Jeffersonville have ranged from a low of 25 °F (−4 °C) in January to a high of 87 °F (31 °C) in July, although a record low of −22 °F (−30 °C) was recorded in January 1994 and a record high of 107 °F (42 °C) was recorded in July 1936. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 2.79 inches (71 mm) in October to 4.88 inches (124 mm) in May.[12]
Two towns in Clark County,Marysville andHenryville suffered major damage during thetornado outbreak of March 2–3, 2012.[13]
For most of its history, Clark County was a Democratic-leaning county, its politics more in line with neighboring Kentucky than Indiana. However, the county voted for the national winner in all but 2 elections from 1924 to 2004 (1952, 1968). Since the start of the second millennium, the county has trended strongly Republican, moving away from its previous near-bellwether status.
The county government is a constitutional body, and is granted specific powers by theConstitution of Indiana, and by theIndiana Code.
County Council
The seven-member county council is the legislative branch of the county government and controls all the spending and revenue collection in the county. Four representatives are elected from county districts, and three are elected at large. The council members serve four-year terms. They are responsible for setting salaries, the annual budget, and special spending. The council also has limited authority to impose local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes, and service taxes.[14][15]
Board of Commissioners
The executive body of the county is made of a board of commissioners. The commissioners are elected county-wide, in staggered terms, and each serves a four-year term. One of the commissioners, typically the most senior, serves as president. The commissioners are charged with executing the acts legislated by the council, collecting revenue, and managing the day-to-day functions of the county government.[14][15]
Courts
The Clark County Judicial System consists of 8 Courts:
By statute, the Circuit and Superior Courts have unlimited jurisdiction with the power to hear civil and criminal cases. City and Town Courts have jurisdiction to hear Ordinance violations and misdemeanor prosecutions, as well as civil actions where the amount in controversy does not exceed five hundred dollars ($500). Judgments in the City and Town Courts may be appealed de novo to the Clark Circuit Court. In addition, Clark Superior Court #3 maintains a Small Claims Docket. Local Rules of Practice may also limit the ability of a Court to hear certain cases. Judgments in other Courts may be appealed to the Indiana Court of appeals or the Indiana Supreme Court.
The Circuit and Superior Court Judges are assisted by 3 Magistrates, who are appointed and serve at the direction of the elected Judges.
The Circuit and Superior Court Judges are elected on a partisan basis, must reside within the county, and serve six-year terms. The City and Town Court Judges are elected to four-year terms on a partisan basis, and must reside within the City/Town.
Felony and Misdemeanor prosecutions are filed by the Prosecuting Attorney, who is elected on a partisan basis, must reside within the county, and serves a term of four years. The current Prosecuting Attorney, Steven D. Stewart, has been in Office since 1989.[15]
County officials
The county has several other elected offices, includingprosecuting attorney,sheriff,coroner,auditor,treasurer,recorder,surveyor, and circuitcourt clerk. These officers are elected to four-year terms. Members elected to county government positions must declare aparty affiliation and be residents of the county.[15]
Clark County is part ofIndiana's 9th congressional district and is represented in Congress byRepublicanErin Houchin.;[16]Indiana Senate districts 45 and 46;[17] andIndiana House of Representatives districts 66, 70, 71, 72 and 73.[18]
Due to decadal redistricting and the 2022 general election, Clark County is now represented in theIndiana General Assembly by District 45 SenatorChris Garten, District 66 RepresentativeZach Payne, District 70 RepresentativeKaren Engleman, and District 71 RepresentativeRita Fleming.
The Clark County Council has 5 elected officials (as of May 2018). The Clark County Council of 2019 includes:
The three elected Clark County Commissioners are (as of 2019):
Other county office holders as determined by the 2022 general election:
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 1888 | 3,206 | 45.52% | 3,788 | 53.78% | 49 | 0.70% |
| 1892 | 3,280 | 44.23% | 4,013 | 54.12% | 122 | 1.65% |
| 1896 | 3,897 | 50.23% | 3,785 | 48.79% | 76 | 0.98% |
| 1900 | 3,855 | 47.78% | 4,134 | 51.24% | 79 | 0.98% |
| 1904 | 3,644 | 48.79% | 3,587 | 48.03% | 237 | 3.17% |
| 1908 | 3,706 | 46.56% | 4,085 | 51.33% | 168 | 2.11% |
| 1912 | 805 | 11.88% | 3,315 | 48.93% | 2,655 | 39.19% |
| 1916 | 3,173 | 46.15% | 3,572 | 51.95% | 131 | 1.91% |
| 1920 | 6,466 | 48.41% | 6,729 | 50.38% | 162 | 1.21% |
| 1924 | 5,944 | 51.70% | 5,218 | 45.38% | 336 | 2.92% |
| 1928 | 8,056 | 56.39% | 6,193 | 43.35% | 36 | 0.25% |
| 1932 | 5,881 | 37.89% | 9,501 | 61.21% | 140 | 0.90% |
| 1936 | 5,536 | 34.83% | 10,116 | 63.64% | 244 | 1.53% |
| 1940 | 6,044 | 40.02% | 9,015 | 59.69% | 45 | 0.30% |
| 1944 | 7,241 | 42.39% | 9,778 | 57.24% | 62 | 0.36% |
| 1948 | 7,001 | 38.57% | 10,953 | 60.34% | 199 | 1.10% |
| 1952 | 11,190 | 48.60% | 11,703 | 50.83% | 132 | 0.57% |
| 1956 | 12,483 | 51.09% | 11,871 | 48.59% | 79 | 0.32% |
| 1960 | 12,803 | 46.89% | 14,431 | 52.85% | 70 | 0.26% |
| 1964 | 7,701 | 30.61% | 17,330 | 68.89% | 125 | 0.50% |
| 1968 | 10,305 | 38.33% | 11,493 | 42.75% | 5,088 | 18.92% |
| 1972 | 16,111 | 59.42% | 10,838 | 39.97% | 164 | 0.60% |
| 1976 | 12,732 | 42.82% | 16,670 | 56.07% | 329 | 1.11% |
| 1980 | 15,508 | 49.74% | 14,137 | 45.34% | 1,536 | 4.93% |
| 1984 | 19,419 | 57.48% | 14,138 | 41.85% | 228 | 0.67% |
| 1988 | 16,544 | 53.04% | 14,528 | 46.58% | 120 | 0.38% |
| 1992 | 13,333 | 36.34% | 17,460 | 47.58% | 5,901 | 16.08% |
| 1996 | 14,396 | 40.08% | 17,799 | 49.56% | 3,721 | 10.36% |
| 2000 | 19,417 | 52.01% | 17,360 | 46.50% | 559 | 1.50% |
| 2004 | 24,495 | 57.86% | 17,648 | 41.68% | 194 | 0.46% |
| 2008 | 25,326 | 52.89% | 21,953 | 45.85% | 605 | 1.26% |
| 2012 | 25,450 | 53.83% | 20,807 | 44.01% | 1,021 | 2.16% |
| 2016 | 30,035 | 57.99% | 18,808 | 36.32% | 2,946 | 5.69% |
| 2020 | 33,668 | 57.99% | 23,093 | 39.78% | 1,296 | 2.23% |
| 2024 | 34,734 | 59.07% | 22,810 | 38.79% | 1,260 | 2.14% |
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1810 | 5,670 | — | |
| 1820 | 8,709 | 53.6% | |
| 1830 | 10,686 | 22.7% | |
| 1840 | 14,595 | 36.6% | |
| 1850 | 15,828 | 8.4% | |
| 1860 | 20,502 | 29.5% | |
| 1870 | 24,770 | 20.8% | |
| 1880 | 28,610 | 15.5% | |
| 1890 | 30,259 | 5.8% | |
| 1900 | 31,835 | 5.2% | |
| 1910 | 30,260 | −4.9% | |
| 1920 | 29,381 | −2.9% | |
| 1930 | 30,764 | 4.7% | |
| 1940 | 31,020 | 0.8% | |
| 1950 | 48,330 | 55.8% | |
| 1960 | 62,795 | 29.9% | |
| 1970 | 75,876 | 20.8% | |
| 1980 | 88,838 | 17.1% | |
| 1990 | 87,774 | −1.2% | |
| 2000 | 96,472 | 9.9% | |
| 2010 | 110,232 | 14.3% | |
| 2020 | 121,093 | 9.9% | |
| 2023 (est.) | 125,467 | [23] | 3.6% |
| US Decennial Census[24] 1790–1960[25] 1900–1990[26] 1990–2000[27] 2010–2019[28] | |||
As of the2020 census, the county had a population of 121,093. The median age was 39.4 years. 22.8% of residents were under the age of 18 and 16.4% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 95.0 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 92.4 males age 18 and over.[29][30]
The racial makeup of the county was 80.2%White, 7.8%Black or African American, 0.5%American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.1%Asian, 0.1%Native Hawaiian andPacific Islander, 3.3% from some other race, and 7.1% fromtwo or more races.Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 6.5% of the population.[30]
78.7% of residents lived in urban areas, while 21.3% lived in rural areas.[31]
There were 48,778 households in the county, of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 46.1% were married-couple households, 18.1% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 27.7% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[29]
There were 52,169 housing units, of which 6.5% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 70.4% were owner-occupied and 29.6% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3% and the rental vacancy rate was 7.8%.[29]
As of the2010 United States census, there were 110,232 people, 44,248 households, and 29,474 families in the county.[32] The population density was 295.6 inhabitants per square mile (114.1 inhabitants/km2). There were 47,776 housing units at an average density of 128.1 units per square mile (49.5 units/km2).[9] The racial makeup of the county was 87.1% white, 6.9% black or African American, 0.8% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 2.6% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 4.9% of the population.[32] In terms of ancestry, 24.3% wereGerman, 15.0% wereIrish, 13.0% wereAmerican, and 9.8% wereEnglish.[33]
Of the 44,248 households, 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 33.4% were non-families, and 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.98. The median age was 37.9 years.[32]
The median income for a household in the county was $47,697 and the median income for a family was $58,090. Males had a median income of $43,053 versus $32,361 for females. The per capita income for the county was $23,592. About 9.0% of families and 11.8% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 17.9% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.[34]
Four public school districts and the Archdiocese of Indianapolis serve Clark County. The county is also served by two colleges that offer associate and bachelor's degrees.
Clarksville Community School Corporation[35]
Silver Creek School Corporation[36]
Borden–Henryville School Corporation[37]
Greater Clark County Schools[38]
Places adjacent to Clark County, Indiana | |
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Municipalities and communities ofClark County, Indiana,United States | ||
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| Other communities | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
38°29′N85°43′W / 38.48°N 85.72°W /38.48; -85.72
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