 A bottle of San Zanj, a brand of Haitian clairin | |
| Type | Distilled beverage |
|---|---|
| Origin | Haiti,Caribbean |
| Introduced | 18th century |
| Color | Clear |
| Related products | rum,rhum agricole |
| Carcinogenicity:IARC group 1 | |
Clairin (/kleɪˈrɛn/,French pronunciation:[klɛʁɛ̃],Haitian Creole:Kleren) is adistilled alcoholic spirit made fromsugarcane produced inHaiti, that undergoes the same distillation process asrhum, although not as refined.[1] They have become popular outside of Haiti largely due to the efforts ofLuca Gargano.[2][3] The name "clairin" is translated from kleren, theHaitian Creole word for "clear".[2]
There are between 500 and 600 micro-distilleries in Haiti, compared to fewer than 50 in total throughout the rest of the Caribbean.[4][5] The distilleries known as guildives are artisan productions: most of them are small shacks dotted around the countryside producing for the consumption of their own villages. There is no government regulation for the creation process of clairin,[6] however, the Haitian government created HaïRum, which is acertification mark granted to clairins which meet certain criteria.[7]
Clairin is made from indigenous cane varieties, non-hybridized, with no chemical interference in the agriculture. They are spontaneously fermented with no yeast selected, distilled in traditional Creole stills using techniques from the mid-18th century, and are not filtered.[8][5]
While under the colonial rule of theFrench,enslaved people working onsugar cane plantations learned how to distill fermented cane juice into a spirit, which they called "kill-devil".[6] Clairins have been tied to Haitianvodou, where it's frequently used in ceremonies, such as being offered to the spirits,[3] and the two have been attributed to the success of therevolt against the French.[9] Clairins were largely consumed entirely locally within Haiti until recently, largely due to the efforts ofLa Maison & Velier chiefLuca Gargano, who wanted to introduce this unrefined, raw, and intensely flavored spirit to the world.[2][3]
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