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| Cisplatina Province Província Cisplatina | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Province ofUnited Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves,Brazilian Empire | |||||||||
| 1817–1828 | |||||||||
 Flag  Coat of arms | |||||||||
.svg) Uruguay under Portuguese and Brazilian rule from 1816 to 1822, then from 1822 to 1828 under Brazilian rule. | |||||||||
| Capital | Montevidéu | ||||||||
| Government | |||||||||
| • Type | Provincial government | ||||||||
| Governor | |||||||||
• 1817–25 | Carlos Frederico Lecor | ||||||||
• 1825–28 | Francisco de Paula Magessi Tavares de Carvalho | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Under Spanish rule theninvaded by theUnited Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves | 1816 | ||||||||
• Annexed to the U.K. of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves | 1817 | ||||||||
| 28 August 1828 | |||||||||
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| Today part of | Uruguay Brazil | ||||||||
Part ofa series on the |
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| History ofUruguay |
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20th century |
 Uruguay portal |
Cisplatina (Brazilian Portuguese:[sisplaˈtʃinɐ],European Portuguese:[siʃplɐˈtinɐ]) was aBrazilian province in existence from 1821 to 1828 created by theLuso-Brazilian invasion of theBanda Oriental. From 1815 until 1822 Brazil was a constituent kingdom of theUnited Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. After theindependence of Brazil and the formation of theEmpire of Brazil the Cisplatina province remained part of it. In 1828, following thePreliminary Peace Convention, the Cisplatina province became independent asUruguay.
The name comes from the Latin prefix "cis" meaning "on this side of" and "platina", a reference to theRío de la Plata. Thus, the name Cisplatina means "province on the same side of the Río de la Plata", alluding to the fact that, from the Brazilian perspective, the region is located on the same side of the river as Brazil,cf. Cisalpine. The Argentines called the regionBanda Oriental, short for Banda Oriental del Río Uruguay ("the strip to the east of theUruguay River").
The Banda Oriental had always been a sparsely populated contested border-area between theSpanish andPortuguese Empires. In theFirst Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1777 the control of the area was given to Spain.[1]
In 1811,José Gervasio Artigas, who becameUruguay's national hero, launched a successful revolt against Spain, defeating them on 18 May in theBattle of Las Piedras. In 1813, the Banda Oriental was renamed to Provincia Oriental, becoming part of theUnited Provinces of the Río de la Plata. In 1814, Artigas formed theFederal League, of which he was declared Protector.
The constant growth of influence and prestige of the Federal League frightened the Luso-Brazilian Monarchy (because of its republicanism), and in August 1816 they invaded the Banda Oriental, with the intention of destroying the protector and his revolution. The Luso-Brazilian expeditionary force, thanks to its material superiority, military experience and organization (including in part its European warfare experience), occupied Montevideo on 20 January 1817, and finally, after a three-year struggle in the countryside, defeated the pro-Artigas forces in theBattle of Tacuarembó.
In 1821, the Provincia Oriental del Río de la Plata (present-day Uruguay), was annexed as a province into theKingdom of Brazil under the name of Cisplatina. The annexation of the province was justified through the "general acclamation" of an Assembly of "Oriental notables" on 18 July 1821.
The borders of Cisplatina were: on the east theAtlantic Ocean, on the south the Río de la Plata, on the west theUruguay River and on the north theQuaraí River untilla Cuchilla de Santa Ana. This means that territories previously belonging to the Provincia Oriental had been annexed to the jurisdiction ofRio Grande do Sul.
Brazil became an independent nation in 1822. On 15 September 1823, the envoy of the Argentine presidentBernardino Rivadavia,Valentín Gómez, wrote a memorandum inRio de Janeiro in which he stated that the Banda Oriental had always belonged to the territory of theUnited Provinces of the Río de la Plata, present-dayArgentina. Gómez received this answer:
"The incorporation of the Cisplatina Province into the Empire is an act of the free will of all its inhabitants, and Brazil, by the sacrifices it has done, is resolute to defend that territory, not allowing that the opinion with respect to the incorporation from that State to the United Provinces is raised again. (…) the Government of H.I.M. [His Imperial Majesty] (…) cannot enter negotiations with the one of Buenos Aires that have as fundamental base the cession of the Cisplatina, whose inhabitants do not have to leave."
As a reaction, a group of Uruguayan insurgents, theThirty-Three Orientals, led byJuan Antonio Lavalleja, declared independence on 25 August 1825, supported by the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, which planned to reannex the region.
This led to theCisplatine War. Despite the Argentine victory in thebattle of Ituzaingó, neither side gained the upper hand and, on 27 August 1828, the Preliminary Peace Convention, fostered by the United Kingdom through the mediation of diplomatJohn Ponsonby, was signed between the Empire of Brazil and the United Provinces, giving independence to the Cisplatina province as the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, and – more importantly to planned British interests – establishing the international status of the Río de la Plata, so that international trade was easier to accomplish.[2]
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